''Tylomelania'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

freshwater snail Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks that live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs t ...

s which have an operculum,

aquatic Aquatic means relating to water; living in or near water or taking place in water; does not include groundwater, as "aquatic" implies an environment where plants and animals live. Aquatic(s) may also refer to: * Aquatic animal, either vertebrate ...

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s in the family

Pachychilidae Pachychilidae, common name pachychilids, is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of freshwater snails, gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha.Gofas, S. (2014). Pachychilidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...

. In the aquarium hobby, snails from this genus are commonly known as "rabbit snails" (not to be confused with

sea hares The order Aplysiida, commonly known as sea hares (''Aplysia'' species and related genera), are medium-sized to very large opisthobranch gastropod molluscs with a soft internal shell made of protein. These are marine gastropod molluscs in the ...

). A

sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and ...

(the closest relative) of ''Tylomelania'' is genus ''

Pseudopotamis ''Pseudopotamis'' is a genus of freshwater snails which have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pachychilidae. Distribution It occurs on the Torres Strait Islands. A sister group (the closest relative) of ''Pseudopotamis' ...

'' (2 species living on the

Torres Strait Islands The Torres Strait Islands are an archipelago of at least 274 small islands in the Torres Strait, a waterway separating far northern continental Australia's Cape York Peninsula and the island of New Guinea. They span an area of , but their tot ...

).von Rintelen T., Stelbrink B. Marwoto R. M. & Glaubrecht M. (2014). "A Snail Perspective on the Biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia: Origin and Intra-Island Dispersal of the Viviparous Freshwater Gastropod ''Tylomelania''". ''PLoS ONE'' 9(6): e98917. . ''Tylomelania'' and ''Pseudopotamis'' split in the

Middle Miocene The Middle Miocene is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch (geology), epoch made up of two Stage (stratigraphy), stages: the Langhian and Serravallian stages. The Middle Miocene is preceded by the Early Miocene. The sub-epoch lasted from 15.97 ± 0. ...

Distribution

''Tylomelania'' are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

Sulawesi Sulawesi ( ), also known as Celebes ( ), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the List of islands by area, world's 11th-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Min ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

, with the vast majority restricted to

Lake Poso Lake Poso () is a lake in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, and the third-deepest lake in Indonesia. The town of Pendolo is situated at the southern end of the lake, the town of Tentena is located at the northern end, while a number of smaller v ...

and the Malili Lake system (consisting of Matano and Towuti, and the smaller Lontoa (Wawantoa), Mahalona, Masapi). They most likely cannot inhabit altitudes above roughly .

Species

There were known 34 described species in 2005. Thomas von Rintelen with colleagues described 15 new species of ''Tylomelania'' in 2003–2008. ''Tylomelania'' species diversification started in and was probably caused by the

late Miocene The Late Miocene (also known as Upper Miocene) is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch (geology), Epoch made up of two faunal stage, stages. The Tortonian and Messinian stages comprise the Late Miocene sub-epoch, which lasted from 11.63 Ma (million ye ...

and

Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch (geology), epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.33 to 2.58orogeny Orogeny () is a mountain-mountain formation, building process that takes place at a convergent boundary, convergent plate margin when plate motion compresses the margin. An or develops as the compressed plate crumples and is tectonic uplift, u ...

. Species within the genus ''Tylomelania'' include: * ''

Tylomelania abendanoni ''Tylomelania abendanoni'' is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae. The specific name ''abendanoni'' is in honor of Dutch malacologist Eduard Cornelius Abendanon (1878-1962). ...

'' (Kruimel, 1913) * '' Tylomelania amphiderita'' (von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007)von Rintelen, Bouchet P. & Glaubrecht M. (2007). "Ancient lakes as hotspots of diversity: a morphological review of an endemic species flock of ''Tylomelania'' (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) in the Malili lake system on Sulawesi, Indonesia". ''Hydrobiologia'' 592:11–94. . * '' Tylomelania bakara'' (von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2003)von Rintelen T. & Glaubrecht M. (2003). "New discoveries in old lakes: three new species of ''Tylomelania'' Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897 (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) from the Malili lake system on Sulawesi, Indonesia". ''

Journal of Molluscan Studies The ''Journal of Molluscan Studies'' is the peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Malacological Society of London, covering research in malacology.

'' 69(1): 3–17. * '' Tylomelania baskasti'' (von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2008)von Rintelen T. & Glaubrecht M. (2008). "Three new species of the freshwater snail genus ''Tylomelania'' (Caenogastropoda: Pachychilidae) from the Malili lake system, Sulawesi, Indonesia". ''

Zootaxa ''Zootaxa'' is a peer-reviewed scientific mega journal for animal taxonomists. It is published by Magnolia Press (Auckland, New Zealand). The journal was established by Zhi-Qiang Zhang in 2001 and new issues are published multiple times a week ...

'' 1852: 37–49
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* '' Tylomelania carbo'' (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897) * '' Tylomelania carota'' (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898) * '' Tylomelania celebicola'' (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898) * '' Tylomelania centaurus'' (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898) * ''

Tylomelania confusa ''Tylomelania'' is a genus of freshwater snails which have an Operculum (gastropod), operculum, aquatic animal, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pachychilidae. In the aquarium hobby, snails from this genus are commonly known as "rabbit sn ...

'' (von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007) * '' Tylomelania connectens'' (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898) * '' Tylomelania gemmifera'' (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897) * '' Tylomelania hannelorae'' (von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2008) * '' Tylomelania helmuti'' (von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2003) * '' Tylomelania inconspicua'' (von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007) * '' Tylomelania insulaesacrae'' (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897) * ''

Tylomelania kristinae ''Tylomelania'' is a genus of freshwater snails which have an Operculum (gastropod), operculum, aquatic animal, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pachychilidae. In the aquarium hobby, snails from this genus are commonly known as "rabbit sn ...

'' (von Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007) * '' Tylomelania kruimeli'' (von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2003) * '' Tylomelania kuli'' (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898) * '' Tylomelania lalemae'' (Kruimel, 1913) * '' Tylomelania mahalonensis'' (Kruimel, 1913) – synonym: ''Tylomelania mahalonica'' (Kruimel, 1913)