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The Twitter Files are a set of internal
Twitter, Inc. Twitter, Inc. is an American social media company based in San Francisco, California. The company operates the social networking service Twitter. It previously operated the Vine short video app and Periscope livestreaming service. Twitter ...
documents such as screenshots, emails, and chat logs that were provided in December 2022 by CEO Elon Musk to journalists Matt Taibbi, Bari Weiss, Lee Fang, and authors Michael Shellenberger and David Zweig for them to present to the public. Musk had purchased Twitter for $44 billion earlier in the year, taking over as CEO on October 27. The goal of presenting the documents to the public was to criticize the decisions of Musk's predecessors, scrutinize past
content moderation On Internet websites that invite users to post comments, content moderation is the process of detecting contributions that are irrelevant, obscene, illegal, harmful, or insulting with regards to useful or informative contributions. The purpose of ...
at the company, and to expose alleged bias and government influence in content moderation. The decision to share this information with select individuals came amid significant layoffs at the company, including the content moderation teams. Taibbi and Weiss coordinated the release of the documents with Twitter management, releasing the details of the files as a series of Twitter threads. The first installment, presented by Taibbi on December 2, 2022, described what Taibbi said were elements of the deliberation process Twitter took regarding content moderation related to a '' New York Post'' article on the
Hunter Biden laptop controversy In late 2020, a controversy emerged involving data from a laptop belonging to Hunter Biden that was abandoned at a Delaware computer shop. The data was subsequently shared with the FBI, Republican operatives, and later the press. Forensic ana ...
in October 2020, as well as some other content. Taibbi tweeted that the FBI gave Twitter a "general" warning about foreign hacks and leaks but that the Twitter files contained "no evidence ... of any government involvement in the laptop story". Taibbi also did not say any Democrats had asked Twitter to suppress the story. The second installment, presented by Weiss on December 8, addressed what Musk and others have described as the shadow banning of some users, a practice referred to as "visibility filtering" by previous Twitter management. Twitter had announced in 2018 a new policy of limiting the reach of accounts exhibiting patterns of "troll-like behaviors", which resembled Musk's newly announced "freedom of speech doesn't mean freedom of reach" policies intended to limit the spread of "negativity". The third installment, released by Taibbi on December 9, highlighted events within Twitter leading to Trump's suspension. The fourth installment, released on December 10 by Shellenberger, covered how Twitter employees reacted to the January 6 United States Capitol attack, and the conflict within Twitter on how to moderate tweets and users who were supporting the attack. The fifth installment, released on December 12 by Weiss, covered how Twitter employees influenced the decision to ban Trump from the platform. The sixth installment, released on December 16 by Taibbi, described how the FBI contacted Twitter to suggest that action be taken against a number of accounts for allegedly spreading election disinformation. In the seventh installment, posted on December 19, Shellenberger claimed the FBI and the intelligence community interacted with Twitter employees to moderate the coverage of the ''New York Post'' story about Hunter Biden's laptop. The releases have prompted debate over the nature of blacklisting, vows for congressional investigation, calls for the full release of all documents for the sake of transparency, and calls to improve content moderation processes at Twitter. The installment releases have been criticized for alleged shortcomings, including exaggerating the contents' significance, omissions of context, outright mendacity, partial reporting, conclusions reached in the reporting with counterclaims against, and described as "an egregious example of the very phenomenon it purports to condemn—that of social-media managers leveraging their platforms for partisan ends".


Background

Twitter went live in 2006, reaching over 100 million users in 2012. Like other platforms, it began to develop a
content moderation On Internet websites that invite users to post comments, content moderation is the process of detecting contributions that are irrelevant, obscene, illegal, harmful, or insulting with regards to useful or informative contributions. The purpose of ...
system in response to issues such as trolling, online harassment, and illegal or gruesome content. Content moderation is generally challenging, balancing the desire for an open platform with the removal of problematic content and users, and at Twitter's scale the issue became especially difficult. The inner workings of content moderation systems are also not well-known to the public, as knowledge of the details could enable manipulation. Content like
hate speech Hate speech is defined by the ''Cambridge Dictionary'' as "public speech that expresses hate or encourages violence towards a person or group based on something such as race, religion, sex, or sexual orientation". Hate speech is "usually thoug ...
and misinformation/ disinformation tend to spike during major events such as elections, and Twitter and other social media sites were exploited by Russian operatives to boost the candidacy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential campaign. Twitter was looking to be acquired in 2016, but could not find a buyer—some in the financial press speculated that the site's insufficient content moderation had turned its environment toxic. Social media networks sought to prevent such exploitation in the future by taking moderation action. Among Twitter's politically contentious decisions were the suppression of a story by the '' New York Post'' about the laptop of Hunter Biden during the 2020 election, under its policy of not distributing hacked materials, and its permanent suspension of Donald Trump, citing a risk of violence in the
January 6 Capitol attack On January 6, 2021, following the defeat of then- U.S. President Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election, a mob of his supporters attacked the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. The mob was seeking to keep Trump i ...
in 2021. American conservatives contended that Twitter was biased against them and saw such moderation actions as evidence, though a 2021 study using Twitter data found that its algorithms favored the political right over the political left in most countries examined, including the United States. Elon Musk purchased Twitter in 2022 for $44 billion and became its CEO on October 27, after which he cut much of the staff and unbanned prominent users, including Trump, as part of being a self-described "free speech absolutist." Musk's approach raised concerns among some experts, and over 70 civil society organizations called on him to tackle the subsequent rise in hate speech. Musk partially reversed his position on November 18 and announced a "freedom of speech, but not freedom of reach" policy of "negative/hate tweets" being "deboosted." On November 28, Musk tweeted "The Twitter Files on free speech suppression soon to be published on Twitter itself. The public deserves to know what really happened..." He gave a series of internal Twitter documents, such as screenshots, emails, and chat logs, to freelance journalists Matt Taibbi and Bari Weiss. Taibbi noted that "in exchange for the opportunity to cover a unique and explosive story, I had to agree to certain conditions" that he did not disclose. Weiss stated that the only condition she and her reporting team agreed to was that the material would be first published on Twitter. Musk later stated he had not read the documents prior to their release to Taibbi and Weiss. On December 6, Musk fired James Baker, deputy general counsel at Twitter, for allegedly vetting information before it was passed on to Taibbi and Weiss, and providing an explanation that Musk found "unconvincing." Baker had been involved in the decision to withhold the laptop story, and had previously been general counsel for the FBI. Musk accused Wikipedia of "non-trivial left-wing bias" after the Twitter Files article was considered for deletion, replying to screenshots of select users referring to it as "not notable" and a "nothing burger"; however, the final decision was to keep the article.


Content

In his prelude, Taibbi states that the Files tell a " Frankenstein tale of a human-built mechanism" – "one of the world's largest and most influential social media platforms" – "grown out fthe control of its designer". Taibbi writes that these documents as well as the assessment of "multiple current and former high-level executives" demonstrate how, although external requests for moderation from both political parties were received and honored, an overwhelmingly left-wing employee base at Twitter facilitated a left-leaning bias. According to Taibbi, the Twitter Files number in the thousands. According to CNBC's December 7 publication, Musk said that the future "Twitter Files" releases would include how Twitter handled the 2020 presidential election, the January 6 United States Capitol attack and the COVID-19 pandemic.


Content moderation of ''New York Post'' story

During the 2020 American presidential election, the '' New York Post'' published a story about the laptop of Hunter Biden, son of then-presidential candidate Joe Biden. Twitter, along with Facebook, implemented measures to block the sharing of the story, and Twitter further imposed a temporary lock on the accounts of the ''New York Post'' and White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany, citing violations of its rules against posting hacked content. The '' Washington Post'' added that this was a result of the company's scenario-planning exercises to combat disinformation campaigns, which included potential "hack and leak" situations in the nature of what had transpired during the
Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections The Russian government interfered in the 2016 U.S. presidential election with the goals of harming the campaign of Hillary Clinton, boosting the candidacy of Donald Trump, and increasing political and social discord in the United States. Acc ...
. The decision generated an outcry from then-President Trump and conservatives who saw it as politically motivated. Then-Head of Trust and Safety Yoel Roth later acknowledged that it was a "mistake" to censor the New York Post’s story. On December 2, 2022, Taibbi published the first installment with internal Twitter emails interspersed with his own reporting. Elon Musk's build-up prior to the release was disproportionate with the overall lower level of significance of the revelations; nevertheless, Taibbi's installment attracted thousands of retweets. Some documents described Twitter's internal deliberations regarding the decision to censor the reporting of the story, while others contained information on how Twitter treated tweets that were flagged for removal at the request of the 2020 Biden campaign team and the Trump White House. He also shared communications between California Democrat Ro Khanna and then-Twitter head of legal Vijaya Gadde, in which Khanna warned about the free-speech implications and possible political backlash that would result from censorship. The installment shed light on an internal debate on whether Twitter should prevent the story from being shared, with leadership arguing that it fell under the company's prohibition on hacked materials. According to Taibbi, then-CEO Jack Dorsey was unaware of the decision to suppress the content when it was made. Days later, he reversed the decision, calling it a "mistake," and Twitter updated its hacked materials policy to state that news stories about hacked materials would be permitted, but with a contextual warning. Taibbi also shared a screenshot of a what seemed to be a request from the Biden campaign to review five tweets, and the reply "Handled these". Taibbi did not disclose the content of those tweets, but four were later found from internet archives to contain nude photos and videos, purportedly of Hunter Biden, which violate Twitter policy and California law as revenge porn; the content of the fifth deleted tweet is unknown. Elon Musk tweeted that Twitter had acted "under orders from the government," though Taibbi reported that he found no evidence of government involvement in the laptop story, tweeting, "Although several sources recalled hearing about a 'general' warning from federal law enforcement that summer about possible foreign hacks, there's no evidence—that I've seen—of any government involvement in the laptop story." His reporting seemed to undermine a key narrative promoted by Musk and Republicans that the FBI pressured social media companies to suppress the Hunter Biden laptop stories. Musk further claimed that this content moderation violated the First Amendment. However, legal experts refuted the idea that content moderation by a private company violates the First Amendment, as it only restricts government actors. David Loy, legal director for the First Amendment Coalition, said that Twitter is legally able to choose what speech is allowed on their site, noting that both the Biden campaign, which was not part of government, and the Trump White House could request specific content moderation actions.


Visibility filtering

Twitter ranks tweets and limits the reach of some accounts through a practice internally referred to as "visibility filtering". This is done to accounts that violate Twitter rules but do not necessarily merit suspension. The approach was announced in 2018 by then-CEO Jack Dorsey in order to preserve the "health" of conversations by identifying accounts more likely to disrupt conversations rather than contribute to them. The practice is part of the site's terms of service, and is the subject of a Frequently Asked Questions page written in 2018. Twitter distinguishes this from shadow banning, which it defines as making "content undiscoverable to everyone except the person who posted it." Bari Weiss published the second installment on the topic on December 8, posting screenshots of employee views of user accounts with tags indicating visibility filtering, and wrote that politically sensitive decisions were made by the Site Integrity Policy, Policy Escalation Support (SIP-PES) team, which included the chief legal officer, head of trust and safety, and CEO. She posted screenshots of the accounts of Stanford professor
Jay Bhattacharya Jayanta "Jay" Bhattacharya (born 1968) is an Indian American professor of medicine, of Economics, and of Health Research Policy at Stanford University, and the director of Stanford's Center for Demography and Economics of Health and Aging. His ...
—an opponent of COVID-19 lockdowns and
mask mandates During the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks or coverings, including N95, FFP2, surgical, and cloth masks, have been employed as public and personal health control measures against the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. In co ...
—conservative radio host Dan Bongino, and conservative activist
Charlie Kirk Charles J. Kirk (born 1993) is an American conservative activist and radio talk show host. He founded Turning Point USA with Bill Montgomery in 2012, and has served as its executive director since. He is the CEO of Turning Point Action, Stude ...
, which were respectively tagged with "Trends Blacklist", "Search Blacklist", and "Do Not Amplify". She also said that the SIP-PES team was responsible for the multiple suspensions of the anti-LGBT account Libs of TikTok, which had been tagged with "Do Not Take Action on User Without Consulting With SIP-PES". She noted that Twitter had not taken down a tweet containing the address of the account's owner, Chaya Raichik. Weiss characterized these practices as censorship and as evidence of shadow banning, which Twitter disputed, largely on the basis of its different definition of "shadow ban". The documents she discussed focused on individuals popular with the right-wing and suggested the moderation practices were politically motivated—a long-standing claim among American conservatives, which Twitter has denied, and is contrary to internal studies that suggest its algorithms favored the political right instead. '' Wired'' and ''
Slate Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. It is the finest grained foliated metamorphic rock. ...
'' described the policy by which moderators were unable to act on high-profile conservative accounts without first escalating to high-level management as "preferential treatment", since this effectively limited Twitter's enforcement of their content policies on these accounts. Weiss did not reveal how many accounts overall were de-amplified nor the politics of those who were, and this lack of context made it difficult to glean any conclusions on the matter. Kayvon Beykpour, the former head of product at Twitter, called the installment "deliberately misleading"; in the interest of transparency, Dorsey called for all of the Twitter Files to be released, tweeting to Musk, "Make everything public now."


Attack on the Capitol and suspension of Donald Trump

Following the
2020 United States presidential election The 2020 United States presidential election was the 59th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020. The Democratic ticket of former vice president Joe Biden and the junior U.S. senator from California Kamala Ha ...
that ended in Joe Biden's victory, then-incumbent Donald Trump pursued an unprecedented effort to overturn the election results, ultimately resulting in the January 6, 2021 United States Capitol attack, which was widely described as an attempted coup d'état. Two days after the attack, January 8, Trump made two tweets: one praised his voters, calling them "American Patriots" who will "not be disrespected or treated unfairly in any way, shape or form!!!" and the other stated that he would not be attending Joe Biden's inauguration. Twitter permanently suspended Trump's account on the same day, citing the two tweets as a violation of the "glorification of violence" policy. Trump attempted to evade the suspension by using the @POTUS account and his campaign account @TeamTrump, but they were suspended as well. On January 14, then-CEO Jack Dorsey defended the suspension, but said it "sets a precedent I feel is dangerous". The third installment was released by Matt Taibbi on December 9, highlighting the events within the company that led up to Trump's suspension from Twitter. Taibbi reported that on October 8, 2020, Twitter executives created a channel entitled "us2020_xfn_enforcement" as a hub to discuss content removal that pertained to the then-upcoming 2020 United States presidential election. Twitter's moderation process was, according to Taibbi, based on guesswork, "gut calls", and Google searches, including moderation of then-President Trump's tweets. As previously reported by '' The New York Times'' in 2020,Tech Giants Prepared for 2016-Style Meddling. But the Threat Has Changed.
'' The New York Times'', March 29, 2020
Taibbi said that then-head of Trust and Safety for Twitter, Yoel Roth, met on a regular basis with agencies such as the FBI to discuss potential attempts by foreign and domestic actors to manipulate the 2020 election. Following the suspension of Trump's Twitter account, Taibbi reports that it set a precedent for the suspension of future presidents' accounts, which he said was in violation of Twitter's own policies. Taibbi wrote that he was told that the Trump administration and Republicans had made requests to moderate tweets, but did not find any evidence of these requests in the election enforcement Slack chat. The fourth installment was released on December 10 by Michael Shellenberger. It covered how Twitter employees reacted to the January 6 United States Capitol attack and the conflict within the company about how to take action against tweets and Twitter users who were supporting the attack without a specific policy as backing, due to the unprecedented nature of Trump's false claims of winning the 2020 United States presidential election. Shellenberger shared screenshots of Roth asking a coworker to blacklist the terms "stopthesteal" and "kraken", both of which were associated with supporters of the January 6 attack. He also said that pressure from the company's employees appeared to influence former CEO Jack Dorsey to approve a "repeat offender" policy for permanent suspension. After receiving five strikes as per the new policy, Trump's personal Twitter account was permanently suspended on January 8. Shellenberger's installment also provided screenshots suggesting that there were instances when employees flagged tweets and applied strikes at their own discretion without specific policy guidance, which according to Shellenberger are examples of a frequent occurrence. The fifth installment was released on December 12, by Bari Weiss. It covered the conflict between Twitter employees and how it influenced the decision regarding Trump's ban from the platform. Those communications include requests from the FBI and other agencies to determine if a particular tweet violated policies against election manipulation. Weiss reported that two tweets Trump made in the morning of January 8, 2021, were used as a foundation for his suspension. She said that the two tweets were initially cleared as no indication of incitement of violence, to the agreement of multiple employees. Former head of Legal, Policy, and Trust Vijaya Gadde dissented, according to Weiss, suggesting that the tweets were
dog whistles A dog whistle (also known as silent whistle or Galton's whistle) is a type of whistle that emits sound in the ultrasonic range, which humans cannot hear but some other animals can, including dogs and domestic cats, and is used in their trai ...
for future
political violence Political violence is violence which is perpetrated in order to achieve political goals. It can include violence which is used by a state against other states (war), violence which is used by a state against civilians and non-state actors (forced ...
. Weiss reported that Twitter's "scaled enforcement" team engaged and agreed with Gadde, suggesting that the tweets violated the "glorification of violence" policy and that the term "American Patriots" Trump used in a tweet was code for the Capitol rioters. She also said that one team member referred to Trump as a "leader of a terrorist group responsible for violence/deaths comparable to the Christchurch shooter or Hitler". Weiss reported that after a 30 minute all-staffer meeting, Dorsey asked Roth to simplify the language of the document for Trump's suspension. One hour later, Trump's account was suspended "due to the risk of further incitement of violence".


FBI communications with Twitter Trust and Safety Team

The sixth installment was released by Matt Taibbi on December 16, which described how the FBI reported a number of accounts to Twitter's Trust and Safety Team for allegedly spreading election misinformation. According to Taibbi, many of the accounts reported had small amounts of followers and were making tweets seemingly
satirical Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of shaming or e ...
in nature, such as user Claire Foster who had tweeted "I'm a ballot counter in my state. If you're not wearing a mask, I'm not counting your vote. #safetyfirst" and "For every negative comment on this post I'm adding another vote for the democrats". He also reported that Twitter did not always take action against tweets and accounts flagged by the FBI. Taibbi wrote that a high-ranking staff member referred to the company's relationship with the FBI as "government-industry sync" due to the frequency of emails and meetings with the agency. The seventh installment was released by Michael Shellenberger on December 19, 2022, which described the FBI's involvement with moderating the Hunter Biden laptop story. He reported that the FBI's and the DHS' warnings about potential foreign interference in the 2020 presidential election influenced Twitter to moderate the Hunter Biden laptop story. Roth wrote in an internal discussion about the ''Post'' story that due to "the SEVERE risks here and lessons of 2016", that Twitter should apply a warning to the story and prevent it from "being amplified". Shellenberger shared screenshots of an email from 2021, which included a communication from Twitter's Safety, Content, & Law Enforcement (SCALE) team that Twitter had received $3,415,323 from a 2019 program designed to meet the "statutory right of reimbursement" for the cost of processing requests from the FBI. Musk claimed in a tweet that this payment is proof of the U.S. government bribing the company "to censor info from the public", despite such payments being commonplace for the processing of legal requests. Twitter's guidelines under law enforcement states that "Twitter may seek reimbursement for costs associated with information produced pursuant to legal process and as permitted by law (e.g., under 18 U.S.C. §2706)". Alex Stamos, former chief security officer at Facebook and partner at cyber consulting firm Krebs Stamos Group, wrote that the reimbursements from the FBI have "absolutely nothing to do with content moderation".


Relationship with the U.S. government

The following two installments relate to Twitter's relationships with various US government agencies and departments. The eighth instalment by Lee Fang on December 20, 2022, reported documents that showed the Twitter Site Integrity Team whitelisted accounts from United States Central Command (CENTCOM) used to run online influence campaigns in other countries, including Yemen, Syria, and Kuwait. The ninth tranche of "Twitter Files" by Taibbi relates to the CIA and FBI's alleged involvement in Twitter content moderation.


Moderation of COVID-19 content

The tenth installment was released on December 26, 2022, by David Zweig, which alleges that the U.S. government was involved in moderating COVID-19 content on Twitter.


Reactions

CNN interviewed six technology executives and senior managers, as well as multiple federal officials familiar with the matter, all of whom said the FBI had not given Twitter any directive to suppress the Hunter Biden laptop story.


Politicians

After the first Taibbi installment, former Trump White House official and radio host Sebastian Gorka said, "so far, I'm deeply underwhelmed." He disagreed that the First Amendment had been violated. In a Fox News interview, Republican House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy defended Taibbi's reporting and said of Elon Musk that his critics are "trying to discredit a person for telling the truth." Republican House Representative Lauren Boebert said, "We thought Twitter was a corrupt cesspool. We never knew it was this bad." Democratic House Representative Ro Khanna confirmed the authenticity of his email to Twitter criticizing the suppression of the ''New York Posts story as a violation of First Amendment principles. He also said that Twitter should implement "clear and public criteria" of removal or non-promotion of content, make such decisions in a transparent way, and give users a way to appeal the decisions. House Republicans have stated their intention to investigate exchange between Khanna and Twitter. Donald Trump referred to the first release of Twitter Files as proof of "Big Tech companies, the DNC, & the Democrat Party" rigging the 2020 United States presidential election against him, declaring that "the termination of all rules, regulations, and articles, even those found in the Constitution" was necessary. He asked whether the "rightful winner" should be declared or a new election should be held.
White House Deputy Press Secretary The White House Office of the Press Secretary, or the Press Office, is responsible for gathering and disseminating information to three principal groups: the President, the White House staff, and the media. The Office is headed by the White House ...
Andrew Bates condemned Trump's comments, writing that the U.S. Constitution is a "sacrosanct document" that unites the country "regardless of party" and that calling for its termination is an attack against "the soul of our nation". Musk tweeted, "The Constitution is greater than any President. End of story."


FBI

On December 21, 2022, the FBI responded to accusations made against them in the Twitter Files, releasing the following statement: An FBI agent who was involved at the center of the controversy stated in sworn testimony that the bureau did not give a directive to Twitter about the Hunter Biden laptop story. A former agent who helped lead the bureau's work with social media companies said, "We would never go to a company to say you need to squelch this story."


Legal scholars

David Loy, legal director for the First Amendment Coalition, said Twitter was free to decide what content to allow on its platform, and both the Biden campaign and the Trump White House were free to make content suggestions. Hans von Spakovsky, a senior legal fellow of the conservative think tank The Heritage Foundation, opined that a company should be considered "acting as an agent for the government" if it is moderating content "based on direction, coordination and cooperation with the government" which he said would be a First Amendment violation.


Privacy and security

Taibbi was criticized for not redacting email addresses from published screenshots; Yoel Roth, Twitter's former head of Trust and Safety, called it "fundamentally unacceptable", and Musk conceded that the email addresses should have been redacted. Though Musk was supportive of Roth while he was employed by Twitter, after his resignation he began publicly criticizing him and endorsing tweets making false accusations. This included an accusation that he was sexualizing children, which Donie O'Sullivan of CNN said is a "common trope used by conspiracy theorists to attack people online". Roth subsequently faced a wave of threats of violence serious enough for him to flee his home. Musk directed his new head of Trust and Safety, Ella Irwin, to give screenshots of internal views of users' accounts to Weiss, which she posted online. The publication of the screenshots, and a statement by Musk that writers working on the files would have unfettered access, raised concerns that people could access sensitive user data in violation of a 2022 privacy agreement between Twitter and the
Federal Trade Commission The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is an independent agency of the United States government whose principal mission is the enforcement of civil (non-criminal) antitrust law and the promotion of consumer protection. The FTC shares jurisdiction ov ...
. On December 10, 2022, Musk threatened to sue any Twitter employee who leaked information to the press, despite his claims to be a "free speech absolutist," and having released internal messages and emails to selected journalists. This threat was expressed in an all-hands, with Twitter employees given a pledge to sign indicating that they understood.


Former Twitter employees

Twitter's former CEO and co-founder Jack Dorsey urged Musk to release all the internal documents "without filter" at once, including all of Twitter's discussions around current and future actions on content moderation. Dorsey later criticized Musk for only allowing the internal documents to be accessed by select people, suggesting that the files should have been made publicly available " Wikileaks-style" so that there were "many more eyes and interpretations to consider". Dorsey conceded that "mistakes were made" at Twitter, but stated his belief that there was "no ill intent or hidden agendas" in the company. He also condemned the harassment campaigns waged against former Twitter employees, saying that it is "dangerous" and "doesn't solve anything".


Journalists

After the first set of Files were published, many technology journalists wrote that the reported evidence did not demonstrate much more than Twitter's policy team having a difficult time making a tough call, but resolving the matter swiftly. '' Forbes'' reported on Taibbi's posts regarding the ''New York Post'' story that "Twitter staff took 'extraordinary steps' to suppress an October 2020 New York Post story" and appeared to indicate "no government involvement in the laptop story," contradicting a conspiracy theory that claimed the FBI was involved. Mehdi Hasan of MSNBC criticized Taibbi for the appearance of performing public relations for Musk; Taibbi responded by asking how many of his critics "have run stories for anonymous sources at the FBI, CIA, the Pentagon, ndWhite House." '' Intelligencer'' wrote that the first two installments contained "a couple fgenuinely concerning findings" but were "saturated in hyperbole, marred by omissions of context, and discredited by instances of outright mendacity" and thus "best understood as an egregious example of the very phenomenon it purports to condemn — that of social-media managers leveraging their platforms for partisan ends." Charlie Warzel of '' The Atlantic'' characterized the initial two threads as "sloppy, anecdotal, devoid of context, and...old news," but wrote that the files demonstrated the "immense power" possessed by
Big Tech Big Tech, also known as the Tech Giants, refers to the most dominant companies in the information technology industry, mostly located in the United States. The term also refers to the four or five largest American tech companies, called the Big ...
platforms as a result of " utsourcingbroad swaths of our political discourse and news consumption to corporate platforms." He also suggested that Musk's core goal is to "anger liberals" and appeal to the political right, citing him allowing the documents to only be accessed by select people "who've expressed alignment with his pet issues" and telling his followers to vote Republican in the
2022 midterm elections The 2022 United States elections were held on November 8, 2022, with the exception of absentee balloting. During this U.S. midterm election, which occurred during the first term of incumbent president Joe Biden of the Democratic Party, all 4 ...
. After the first Weiss thread, Caleb Ecarma of '' Vanity Fair'' wrote it was still unknown how many accounts had been "shadow banned," how they had been selected, and what their political persuasions were. He noted that several prominent leftist and
anti-fascist Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were ...
users had been banned under Musk, while he had reinstated several banned prominent right-leaning users. Katherine Cross of '' Wired'' portrayed Weiss' and Taibbi's threads as "transparency theater", writing that Musk's ulterior motive is to achieve "freedom from any accountability" and "a world where no one tells him 'no'". Cross said that the word "shadowban" has become "whatever people want it to mean", comparing it to the use of the word " woke" by the political right. She also asked why Musk had not been transparent about his own decision-making, suggesting that "everything they have falsely accused Twitter of doing is what they seek to do to their many ideological enemies".
Gerard Baker Gerard Baker is a British writer and columnist. He was Dow Jones' Managing Editor, and ''The Wall Street Journal''s Editor-in-Chief from March 2013 until June 2018.
of '' The Wall Street Journal'' wrote that the Twitter Files "exposed how a powerful class of like-minded people control and limit the flow of information to advantage their monolithically progressive agenda." and added that they "tell us nothing new", and that it does not contain any "shocking revelation" regarding government censorship or manipulation by political campaigns. Baker added that the Files "bring to the surface the internal deliberations of a company dealing with complex issues in ways consistent with its values." Oliver Darcy of CNN commented on the fact multiple news organizations were not reporting on the Twitter Files, saying that this is because "the releases have largely not contained any revelatory information", for the Files only demonstrate "how messy content moderation can be—especially when under immense pressure and dealing with the former President of the United States." However, he noted news outlets not covering the Files allows for "dishonest actors in right-wing media" to hijack the narrative with "warped interpretation , thus creating complications for laypeople trying to research the Files. Following the sixth release of Files, Robby Soave of the libertarian magazine Reason wrote that "social media companies have every right to moderate jokes" but called the FBI's communications with the company "inappropriate" and a "free speech violation". He commented that it was "frankly disturbing" for tech companies and the federal government to be "working in tandem to crack down on dissent, contrarianism, and even humor". Elizabeth Brown of the magazine opined that the documents presented in the seventh installment were "interesting—though hardly the sort of smoking guns many on the right are making them out to be". She wrote that the documents were not proof of Twitter trying to rig the 2020 presidential election in Joe Biden's favor by suppressing the ''Post'' story but rather an "understandable mistake" done in reaction to accusations of the site aiding Russian trolls in 2016 and "pressure from government forces" such as the FBI and DHS, who she said were the "real villains here".


Commentators

Miranda Devine, a columnist with the ''New York Post'' who was among the first to write about the laptop, told Fox News host Tucker Carlson that the presentation regarding the story wasn't the "smoking gun we'd hoped for." She later criticized
CBS News CBS News is the news division of the American television and radio service CBS. CBS News television programs include the ''CBS Evening News'', ''CBS Mornings'', news magazine programs '' CBS News Sunday Morning'', '' 60 Minutes'', and '' 48 H ...
, ABC News, and NBC News for their lack of coverage for the files, calling it "shameful", and called the ''Washington Post's'' and the ''New York Times negative coverage of Musk "the same ignore-and-smear game across the leftie media sphere". Jim Geraghty of '' National Review'' wrote that "the files paint an ugly portrait of a social-media company's management unilaterally deciding that its role was to keep breaking news away from the public instead of letting people see the reporting and drawing their own conclusions." The Editorial Board at ''The Wall Street Journal'' praised the release for exposing "a form of political corruption" where current and former U.S. intelligence officials have an influence on elections. Ted Rall of the ''Wall Street Journal'' asked: "Can't both sides back free speech?"


References


External links

Original tweets:
Part 1
December 2, 2022 *
Supplemental
December 6, 2022
Part 2
December 8, 2022
Part 3
December 9, 2022
Part 4
December 10, 2022
Part 5
December 12, 2022
Part 6
December 16, 2022 *
Supplemental
December 18, 2022
Part 7
December 19, 2022
Part 8
December 20, 2022
Part 9
December 24, 2022
Part 10
December 26, 2022 {{Authority control 2022 controversies in the United States December 2022 events in the United States Twitter controversies Political controversies in the United States Controversies of the 2020 United States presidential election Elon Musk Matt Taibbi Donald Trump Hunter Biden