Tussenvoegsel

In a Dutch name, a (; ) is a family name affix positioned between a person's given name and the main part of their family name. There are similar concepts in many languages, such as Celtic family name prefixes, French particles, and the German ''von''.

The most common are , e.g. Vincent van Gogh meaning "from"; and , e.g. Greg de Vries, meaning "the". A forms an integral part of one's surname; it distinguishes it from similar Dutch surnames, e.g. Jan de Boer compared to Albert Boer; Frits de Kok compared to Wim Kok.

History

originate from the time that Dutch surnames officially came into use. Many of the names are place names, which refer to cities, e.g. Van Coevorden ("from Coevorden"), or geographical locations, e.g. Van de Velde ("of the field"). The list of mentioned below includes approximate translations, some of which have maintained their earlier meaning more than others.

Usage

Netherlands

In the Netherlands, these are not included when sorting alphabetically. For example, in the Dutch telephone directory, " de Vries" is listed under "V", not "D". Therefore, in Dutch databases are recorded as a separate data field so as to simplify the process of locating it. Sorting by would result in many names being listed under "D" and "V".

In Dutch grammar, the in a surname is written with a capital letter only when it starts a sentence or is not preceded by a first name or initial. So referring to a professor named Peter whose surname is "de Vries", one writes "Professor De Vries", but when preceded by a first name or initial it is written using lower case, such as in "Peter de Vries" or "P. de Vries".

Belgium

In Belgian Dutch, or Flemish, surnames are collated with the full surname including . " De Smet" comes before "DeSmet" in a telephone book. Although French family names commonly also use , those are frequently contracted into the surname, e.g. turning Le Roc into Leroc, or La Roche into Laroche, and thus explaining the collation preference.

In contrast to Dutch orthography, Belgian always keep their original orthography, e.g. , , or .

Other areas

In areas outside the Low Countries, are typically capitalized and used in sorting (as in Belgium). In areas where multi-word surnames are unfamiliar, to avoid confusion the are often concatenated to the name proper to form single-word surnames, as in " Vandervelde", "Vandenberg", and "Dewitte". Sometimes a surname of this sort will retain capital letters for each of the component words, such as "DeJong", " VanHerck", or even " VanDerBeek". Dutch family names in South Africa, e.g. Van der Merwe, follow Dutch rules.

Examples

Common are as follows:
* – "off", "from"
* – "at"
* – "near"
* – "the" (but ''de'' can also be French for "of".)
* – "of the"
* – "the"
* – "in"
* – "under", "below"
* – "on", "at"
* – "over", "beyond"
* – "of the", "from" (genitive)
* – "at"
* – "until", "to", "at"
* – "from", "out of"
* – "from"
* – "to"

Combinations are also common:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

See also

* List of Dutch family names

References

External links

*

{{Personal names, state=collapsed

Dutch words and phrases
Family name affixes