''Turnera'' is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s in the

passionflower ''Passiflora'', known also as the passion flowers or passion vines, is a genus of about 550 species of flowering plants, the type genus of the family Passifloraceae. ''Passiflora'' species are widely cultivated for their striking flowers, fla ...

family,

Passifloraceae The Passifloraceae are a family of flowering plants, containing about 750 species classified in around 27 genera. They include trees, shrubs, lianas, and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions. The family takes its name from t ...

. It contains more than 100 species native to

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...

and

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones immediately to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Ge ...

America The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was previously placed in the family Turneraceae.

Species

The following species are currently recognized:

A

* '' Turnera acangatinga Costa-Lima & E.C.O.Chagas'' * '' Turnera acaulis¹Griseb.'' * '' Turnera acuta² Willd.'' * '' Turnera amapaensis R.S.Cowan'' * '' Turnera amazonica^1?Arbo'' * '' Turnera angelicae Arbo'' * '' Turnera annectens² Arbo'' * ''

Turnera arcuata ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

² Urb.'' * '' Turnera arenaria (Spruce ex Urb.) Arbo'' * '' Turnera argentea² Arbo'' * '' Turnera aromatica²Arbo'' * ''

Turnera asymmetrica ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

²Arbo'' * ''

Turnera aurantiaca ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

² Benth.'' * ''

Turnera aurelioi ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

¹ Arbo''

B

* ''

Turnera bahiensis ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

Urb.'' ** var. ''bahiensis²'' ** var. ''truncata² Arbo.'' * ''

Turnera benthamiana ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

² M.R.Schomb.'' * ''

Turnera blanchetiana ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

Urb.'' ** var. ''blanchetiana²'' ** var. ''subsppicata Urb.'' * ''

Turnera brasiliensis ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

²Willd. ex Schult.'' * ''

Turnera breviflora ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

²Moura''

C

* ''

Turnera caatingana ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

² Arbo'' * ''

Turnera callosa ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

² Urb.'' * ''

Turnera campaniflora ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

¹ Arbo, Shore & S.C.H.Barrett'' * '' Turnera candida¹ Arbo'' * '' Turnera castilloi² Arbo'' * '' Turnera cearensis² Urb.'' * '' Turnera chamaedrifolia³ Cambess.'' * '' Turnera chrysocephala²Urb.'' * '' Turnera cicatricosa² Arbo'' * '' Turnera cipoensis²Arbo'' * ''

Turnera clauseniana ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

² Urb.'' * '' Turnera coccinea² Arbo'' * '' Turnera coerulea² DC.'' ** var. ''coerulea²'' ** var. ''surinamensis² (Urb.) Arbo & Av.Fernández'' * '' Turnera collotricha² Arbo'' * '' Turnera concinna² Arbo'' * '' Turnera confertiflora² Arbo'' * '' Turnera coriacea Urb.'' ** var. ''solium²'' * '' Turnera crulsii² Urb.'' * '' Turnera cuneiformis¹ Juss. ex Poir.'' * ''

Turnera curassavica ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

² Urb.''

D

* '' Turnera dasytricha Pilg.'' ** var. ''crinita Arbo'' ** var. ''dasytricha'' * '' Turnera diamantinae Arbo'' * '' Turnera dichotoma² Gardner ex Hook.'' * ''

Turnera diffusa ''Turnera diffusa'', known as damiana, is a shrub native to southern Texas in the United States, Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. It belongs to the family Passifloraceae. Damiana is a relatively small, woody shrub th ...

Willd. ex Schult.'' ** var. ''diffusa²'' * '' Turnera discolor² Urb.'' * '' Turnera discors Arbo'' * '' Turnera dolichostigma²Urb.''

E

* '' Turnera elliptica² Urb.'' * '' Turnera emendata Arbo''

F

* '' Turnera fasciculifolia L.Rocha & Arbo'' * '' Turnera fernandezii²Arbo'' * '' Turnera fissifolia Arbo'' * '' Turnera foliosa² Urb.''

G

* '' Turnera gardneriana^1? Arbo'' * '' Turnera genistoides² Cambess.'' * '' Turnera glabrata Arbo'' * '' Turnera glaziovii² Urb.'' * '' Turnera gouveiana Arbo'' * '' Turnera grandidentata² (Urb.) Arbo'' * '' Turnera grandiflora² (Urb.) Arbo'' * '' Turnera guianensis² Aubl.''

H

* '' Turnera harleyi² Arbo'' * ''

Turnera hassleriana ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was previo ...

² Urb.'' * '' Turnera hermannioides² Cambess.'' * '' Turnera hilaireana² Urb.'' * '' Turnera hindsiana² Benth.'' ** subspecies ''brachyantha² Arbo'' ** subspecies ''hindsiana²'' * '' Turnera huberi² Arbo'' * '' Turnera humilis Arbo''

I

* '' Turnera ibateguara Costa-Lima & E.C.O.Chagas'' * '' Turnera ignota² Arbo'' * '' Turnera incana² Cambess.'' * ''

Turnera involucrata ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

² Arbo'' * '' Turnera iterata² Arbo''

J

* '' Turnera jobertii Arbo'' * '' Turnera joelii² Arbo''

K

* '' Turnera krapovickasii² Arbo'' * ''

Turnera kuhlmanniana ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Passiflora, passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to Tropics, tropical and Subtropics, subtropical Americas, America. The name honours English naturalist W ...

² Arbo''

L

* '' Turnera laciniata² Arbo'' * '' Turnera lamiifolia² Cambess.'' * '' Turnera lanceolata² Cambess.'' * '' Turnera leptosperma² Urb.'' * '' Turnera lineata^2? Urb.'' * '' Turnera longiflora² Cambess.'' * '' Turnera longipes² Triana ex Urb.'' * '' Turnera lucida¹ Urb.'' * ''

Turnera luetzelburgii ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Passiflora, passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to Tropics, tropical and Subtropics, subtropical Americas, America. The name honours English naturalist W ...

Sleumer'' ** var. ''dubia² Arbo'' ** var. ''luetzelburgii²''

M

* '' Turnera macrophylla³ Urb.'' * '' Turnera macrosperma L.Rocha & Arbo'' * ''

Turnera maigualidensis ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was prev ...

J.R.Grande & Arbo'' * ''

Turnera melanorhiza ''Turnera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the passionflower family, Passifloraceae. It contains more than 100 species native to tropical and subtropical America. The name honours English naturalist William Turner (1508–1568). It was previo ...

² Urb.'' ** var. ''arenaria²'' ** var. ''latifolia²'' ** var. ''melochioides²'' ** var. ''rugosa²'' * '' Turnera melochia Triana & Planch.'' ** var. ''melochia'' ** var. ''ramosissima (Spruce ex Urb.) Arbo'' * '' Turnera melochioides Cambess.'' ** var. ''latifolia Urb.'' ** var. ''melochioides ²'' ** var. ''rugosa Arbo''

N

* '' Turnera nervosa² Urb.''

O

* '' Turnera oblongifolia² Cambess.'' ** var. ''goyanzensis²'' (Urb.) Arbo ** var. ''oblongifolia²'' * '' Turnera occidentalis¹ Arbo & Shore'' * '' Turnera oculata Story'' ** var. ''oculata¹'' ** var. ''paucipilosa'' (Oberm.) * '' Turnera odorata² Rich.'' * '' Turnera opifera² Mart.'' * '' Turnera orientalis¹ (Urb.) Arbo''

P

* '' Turnera panamensis²Urb'' * '' Turnera paradoxa Arbo'' * '' Turnera paruana² Arbo'' * '' Turnera patens Arbo'' * '' Turnera pinifolia¹ Cambess.'' * '' Turnera pohliana² Urb.'' * '' Turnera prancei² Arbo'' * '' Turnera pumilea L.'' ** var. ''piauhyensis² Urb.'' ** var. ''pumilea¹'' * '' Turnera purpurascens² Arbo''

R

* '' Turnera reginae² Arbo'' * '' Turnera revoluta² Urb.'' * '' Turnera riedeliana² Urb.'' * '' Turnera rosulata² Arbo'' * '' Turnera rupestris Aubl.'' ** var. ''frutescemces (Aubl.) Urb.'' ** var. ''rupestris²''

S

* '' Turnera sancta² Arbo'' * '' Turnera scabra² Millsp.'' * '' Turnera serrata Vell.'' ** var. ''brevifolia² Urb.'' ** var. ''latifolia Urb.'' ** var. ''serrata ²'' * '' Turnera sidoides L.'' ** subsp. ''carnea³ (Cambess.) Arbo'' ** subsp. ''holosericea³ (Urb.) Arbo'' ** subsp. ''integrifolia² (Griseb.) Arbo'' ** subsp. ''pinnatifida² (Juss. ex Poir.) Arbo'' ** subsp. ''sidoides³'' * '' Turnera simulans² Arbo'' * '' Turnera stachydifolia Urb. & Rolfe'' ** var. ''flexuosa Urb.'' ** var. ''stachydifolia²'' * '' Turnera stenophylla² Urb.'' * '' Turnera steyermarkii² Arbo'' * '' Turnera stipularis² Urb.'' * '' Turnera subnuda² Urb.'' * '' Turnera subulata² Sm.''

T

* '' Turnera tapajoensis^1?Moura'' * '' Turnera tenuicaulis² Urb.'' * '' Turnera thomasii¹ (Urb.) Story'' * '' Turnera triglandulosa Millsp.'' * '' Turnera trigona² Urb.''

U

* '' Turnera uleana² Urb.'' * ''

Turnera ulmifolia ''Turnera ulmifolia'', the ramgoat dashalong or yellow alder, is a species of plant of family Passifloraceae, native to Mexico and the West Indies. A recent study found that yellow alder potentiated the antibiotic activity against methicillin-res ...

¹ L.'' ** var. ''acuta¹ (Mill.) Willd.'' ** var. ''ulmifolia¹'' * '' Turnera urbanii¹ Arbo''

V

* '' Turnera vallisii Arbo'' * '' Turnera velutina¹ C.Presl'' * '' Turnera venezuelana Arbo'' * '' Turnera venosa² Urb.'' * '' Turnera vicaria² Arbo'' * '' Turnera violacea Brandegee''

W

* '' Turnera weddelliana² Urb. & Rolfe''

Z

* '' Turnera zeasperma C.D.Adams & V.Bean''

Notes on the number of floral morphs

''1,2,3'' denote the number of floral morphs (1 = homostylous, 2 = distylous, 3 = distylous with intermediate morph) ''?'' Denotes uncertain annotations. Those unannotated are missing data.

Formerly placed in the genus

*'' Piriqueta cistoides'' (L.) Griseb. (as ''T. cistoides'' L. or ''T. tomentosa'' Willd.) *'' Piriqueta racemosa'' (Jacq.) Sweet (as ''T. ovata'' Bello or ''T. racemosa'' Jacq.)

References

External links

USDA PLANTS Profile
Passifloraceae genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Long stubs with short prose {{Passifloraceae-stub