Turbinella
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''Turbinella'' is a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of very large
sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s with an operculum, marine
gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the subfamily Turbinellinae of the family Turbinellidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Turbinella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204588 on 2011-04-27 These species are sometimes known as "chanks" or "chank shells". One species in this genus is the sacred chank, ''
Turbinella pyrum ''Turbinella pyrum'', common names the chank shell, sacred chank or chank, also known as the divine conch or referred to simply as a conch, is a species of very large sea snail with a gill and an operculum, a marine gastropod mollusk in the fa ...
''; see "
Shankha A Turbinella pyrum, shankha () has religious ritual importance in Hinduism. In Hinduism, the shankha called panchajanya is a sacred emblem of the Hindu preserver deity Vishnu. It is still used as a trumpet in Hindu ritual, and in the past was us ...
" for the cultural and religious use of the shell of that species.


Distribution

Species in this genus are found worldwide, mostly in
tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...
shallow waters.


Description

Most species have massive shells with three or four prominent columellar plicae. The smooth shell is thick and obconic. The
body whorl The body whorl is part of the morphology (biology), morphology of the gastropod shell, shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk ...
is large. The
spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...
is obtuse. The
apex The apex is the highest point of something. The word may also refer to: Arts and media Fictional entities * Apex (comics) A-Bomb Abomination Absorbing Man Abraxas Abyss Abyss is the name of two characters appearing in Ameri ...
is papillary. The
aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...
is oblong and narrow. The
siphonal canal The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water i ...
is long and straight. The columella sgows several strong transverse plaits in the middle. The outer
lip The lips are a horizontal pair of soft appendages attached to the jaws and are the most visible part of the mouth of many animals, including humans. Mammal lips are soft, movable and serve to facilitate the ingestion of food (e.g. sucklin ...
is thin and simple.Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls
/ref>


Species

Species within the genus ''Turbinella'' include: * '' Turbinella angulata'' ( Lightfoot, 1786) * '' Turbinella fusus'' Sowerby, 1825
* '' Turbinella laevigata'' Anton, 1838 * '' Turbinella laffertyi'' Kilburn, 1975 * '' Turbinella ponderosa'' ( Lightfoot, 1786) * ''
Turbinella pyrum ''Turbinella pyrum'', common names the chank shell, sacred chank or chank, also known as the divine conch or referred to simply as a conch, is a species of very large sea snail with a gill and an operculum, a marine gastropod mollusk in the fa ...
''
Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
,
1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...
- the sacred chank or
shankha A Turbinella pyrum, shankha () has religious ritual importance in Hinduism. In Hinduism, the shankha called panchajanya is a sacred emblem of the Hindu preserver deity Vishnu. It is still used as a trumpet in Hindu ritual, and in the past was us ...
* '' Turbinella rapa''
Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1816
* †'' Turbinella regina'' Heilprin, 1886
* '' Turbinella wheeleri'' Petuch, 1994
;Species brought into synonymy : * ''Turbinella armata'' Broderip, 1833: synonym of '' Vasum armatum'' (Broderip, 1833) * ''Turbinella armigera'' Lesson, 1842 : synonym of '' Reishia armigera'' (Link, 1807) * ''Turbinella cassiformis'' Kiener, 1840: synonym of '' Vasum cassiforme'' (Kiener, 1840) * ''Turbinella cornigera'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Vasum turbinellus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbinella crenulata'' Kiener, 1840: synonym of '' Peristernia chlorostoma'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825) * ''Turbinella globulus'' Lamarck, 1816: synonym of '' Vasum globulus'' (Lamarck, 1816) * ''Turbinella leucozonalis'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Leucozonia leucozonalis'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Turbinella mitis'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Vasum capitellum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Turbinella nuttingi'' Henderson, 1919: synonym of '' Vasum globulus'' (Lamarck, 1816) * ''Turbinella pugillaris'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Vasum muricatum'' (Born, 1778) * ''Turbinella tuberculata'' Broderip, 1833 : synonym of '' Leucozonia tuberculata'' (Broderip, 1833) * ''Turbinella tubifera'' Anton, 1838: synonym of '' Vasum tubiferum'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Turbinella variolaris'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Vasum turbinellus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ;Species inquirenda: * ''Turbinella tuberculata'' Anton, 1838 (species inquirenda, Invalid: junior homonym of Turbinella tuberculata Broderip, 1833)


References


External links


Lamarck, J.B.M. (1799). Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles, comprenant une rédaction appropriée des caractères géneriques, et l'établissement d'un grand nombre de genres nouveaux. Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. 1: 63-91

Perry, G. (1811). Conchology, or the natural history of shells: containing a new arrangement of the genera and species, illustrated by coloured engravings executed from the natural specimens, and including the latest discoveries. 4 pp., 61 plates. London.

Lamarck, J. B. (1801). Système des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; Présentant leurs caractères essentiels et leur distribution, d'apres la considération de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement établi dans les galeries du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, parmi leurs dépouilles conservées; Précédé du discours d'ouverture du Cours de Zoologie, donné dans le Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle l'an 8 de la République. Published by the author and Deterville, Paris: viii + 432 pp.

Röding, P. F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Trapp, Hamburg. viii, 199 pp
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7853766 Turbinellidae