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Tupiniquim (also Tupinã-ki, Topinaquis, Tupinaquis, Tupinanquins; plural: Tupiniquins) are an
indigenous people of Brazil Indigenous may refer to: *Indigenous peoples *Indigenous (ecology), presence in a region as the result of only natural processes, with no human intervention *Indigenous (band), an American blues-rock band *Indigenous (horse), a Hong Kong racehorse ...
of the Tupi family, who now live in three indigenous territories (''Terras Indígenas'' in Portuguese). The indigenous territories (Caieiras Velhas, Pau-Brasil and Comboios) are located near the cities of Santa Cruz and Vila do Riacho in the municipality of Aracruz in northern
Espírito Santo Espírito Santo (; ) is a state in southeastern Brazil. Its capital is Vitória, and its largest city is Serra. With an extensive coastline, the state hosts some of the country's main ports, and its beaches are significant tourist attracti ...
state, southeastern
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
. Caieiras Velhas Indigenous Territory is located along the banks of the Piraquê-Açu River. The Pau-Brasil Indigenous Territory is near Sahy Creek. The Comboios Indigenous Territory is located on the banks of the Comboios River. A 2010 census determined the population of Tupiniquim in all three indigenous territories as 2,630.


Territory

Historically, the Tupiniquim inhabited a large tract of land along Brazil's coastline from approximately 200 km south of Salvador down to the São Mateus River. This area is north of the present-day Indigenous Territories and extended for about 600 km. The Tupiniquim have inhabited these Indigenous Territories since the founding of Santa Cruz and Nova Almeida (then Reis Magos). During the first two centuries after the arrival of Europeans, indigenous populations were the predominant majority in both Santa Cruz and Nova Almeida. Their tribe was one of the first to meet the Portuguese in April 1500 at
Porto Seguro Porto Seguro (, Safe Harbor in English), is a city located in the far south of Bahia, Brazil. The city has an estimated population of 150,658 (2020), covers , and has a population density of 52.7 residents per square kilometer. The area that inc ...
.


Etymology and usage of the word

The expression ''Tupin-i-ki'' means ''the Tupi next door, side neighbor''."Tupiniquim: Name and language."
''Povos Indígenas no Brasil.'' Retrieved 28 Jan 2012.
''Tupinã-ki'' means a parallel situated tribe or branch of the Tupi. In Brazil, the term "Tupiniquim" has come to colloquially mean "Brazilian" or "national". The term is used as both a noun and an adjective: ''cinema tupiniquim'' (Brazilian cinema), ''cantor tupiniquim'' (Brazilian singer), and ''filosofia tupiniquim''Gomes, R. Crítica da razão tupiniquim, 2001. (Brazilian philosophy).


Notes

Indigenous peoples of Eastern Brazil Indigenous peoples in Brazil Ethnic groups in Brazil {{Brazil-ethno-group-stub