Tugur Bay or Tugursky BayDzyuban, AN (2003): Phytoplankton and bacterial productivity in the Tugur Bay (Sea of Okhotsk) in July-August 1990.
/ref> (, ''Tugursky Zaliv'') is a large bay in the Tuguro-Chumikansky District of

Khabarovsk Krai Khabarovsk Krai (, ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject (a krai) of Russia. It is located in the Russian Far East and is administratively part of the Far Eastern Federal District. The administrative centre of the krai is the types of ...

Russian Federation Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

. there was a project to build a tidal power station in Tugur Bay.Ставка на энергию воды.
Дальневосточный капитал № 6, 2009 г.

Geography

Tugur Bay is located in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk, just south of the Shantar Islands. It is entered between Seneka Point and Cape Bol'shoy Dugandzha, nearly 58 km (about 36 mi) to the west-northwest. It narrows to about midway and is about deep in a south-southwesterly direction. The Tugur River runs into its head. The east and south side of the bay is thickly wooded. Mamga Bay is a branch of Tugur Bay located on the northwestern side of the bay. On the eastern side of the bay are two prominent capes, Cape Bersen'yeva to the north and Cape Temnyy further south. There is

ice Ice is water that is frozen into a solid state, typically forming at or below temperatures of 0 ° C, 32 ° F, or 273.15 K. It occurs naturally on Earth, on other planets, in Oort cloud objects, and as interstellar ice. As a naturally oc ...

in the bay from the end of October or the middle of November to July. Spring

tide Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another. Tide tables ...

s rise in the northern part of the bay and up to in the southern part. Tidal currents can reach up to four knots in the northern part of Tugur Bay, causing

whirlpool A whirlpool is a body of rotating water produced by opposing currents or a current running into an obstacle. Small whirlpools form when a bath or a sink is draining. More powerful ones formed in seas or oceans may be called maelstroms ( ). ''Vo ...

s and eddies. The bay is deep at its entrance, but shoals to less than at its head.United States. (1918). ''Asiatic Pilot, Volume 1: East coast of Siberia, Sakhalin Island and Chosen''. Washington: Hydrographic Office.National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. (2014). ''Sailing Directions (Enroute): East Coast of Russia''. U.S. Government, Springfield, Virginia.

History

American, French, and

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

n whaleships frequented the bay hunting

bowhead whale The bowhead whale (''Balaena mysticetus''), sometimes called the Greenland right whale, Arctic whale, and polar whale, is a species of baleen whale belonging to the family Balaenidae and is the only living representative of the genus '' Balaena' ...

s between 1852 and 1905. They called it Shantar Bay.''Junior'', of New Bedford, July 5, 1852. In Sampson, A. D. (1867). ''Three times around the world, or life and adventures of Alonzo D. Sampson''. Buffalo, N. Y.: Express Printing Company.''Turku'', of Turku, summer 1854; ''Storfursten Constantin'', of Helsinki, June 1859. In Lindholm, O. V., Haes, T. A., & Tyrtoff, D. N. (2008). ''Beyond the frontiers of imperial Russia: From the memoirs of Otto W. Lindholm''. Javea, Spain: A. de Haes OWL Publishing. Some traded with the natives for

salmon Salmon (; : salmon) are any of several list of commercially important fish species, commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the genera ''Salmo'' and ''Oncorhynchus'' of the family (biology), family Salmonidae, native ...

. On 28 July 1854, the bark ''Isabella'', of

New Bedford New Bedford is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. It is located on the Acushnet River in what is known as the South Coast (Massachusetts), South Coast region. At the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, New Bedford had a ...

, reported that as many as 94 ships were visible from her deck while she was in the bay, only five of which were boiling oil. Several ships were wrecked in the bay. On 13 July 1854, the ship ''Silas Richards'' (454 tons), of New Bedford, Capt. Wilcox, was driven ashore by ice and wrecked on the east side of the bay near Cape Bersen'yeva. She was sold on the beach for $194. In June 1856, the brig ''Tarquina'' (210 tons), of

Honolulu Honolulu ( ; ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Hawaii, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is the county seat of the Consolidated city-county, consolidated City and County of Honol ...

, was also stove by ice and lost,Thrum, T. G. (1909). ''Hawaiian almanac and annual for 1910''. Honolulu, Black & Auld, Printers. while the bark ''Columbus'' (344 tons), of New London, was wrecked in the bay on 10 August 1858. On 27 July 1867, a Russian steamer ordered the bark ''Java'', of New Bedford, under Manuel Enos, out of the bay. A few days later the bark ''Endeavor'', also of New Bedford, had its boats fired upon by the same vessel before being ordered away as well. In September 1875, a Russian steamer ordered away a

Sydney Sydney is the capital city of the States and territories of Australia, state of New South Wales and the List of cities in Australia by population, most populous city in Australia. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Syd ...

whaleship from whaling in the bay. In August 1885, a Russian steamer once again forbid American whaleships in the bay from whaling. Two whaling stations were also established in the bay to catch bowheads. The first was built in 1862 by the Russian-American Company on the southeastern point of Mamga Bay. In 1865, they sold it to Otto Wilhelm Lindholm, who had erected a station on the eastern side of the mouth of the Tugur River at the head of the bay two years earlier, in 1863. Both stations either utilized one or two

schooner A schooner ( ) is a type of sailing ship, sailing vessel defined by its Rig (sailing), rig: fore-and-aft rigged on all of two or more Mast (sailing), masts and, in the case of a two-masted schooner, the foremast generally being shorter than t ...

s or boat crews provisioned for a fortnight at a time to cruise for whales in Tugur Bay or adjacent bays. The Tugur station was last used in 1870, while Mamga was used as a base for whaling until 1876.Lindholm, O. V., Haes, T. A., & Tyrtoff, D. N. (2008). ''Beyond the frontiers of imperial Russia: From the memoirs of Otto W. Lindholm''. Javea, Spain: A. de Haes OWL Publishing. American whaleships visited Mamga to sell goods and receive repairs from ice damage.''Java'', of New Bedford, June 30-July 1, July 10, Sep. 15-16, 1866, KWM.

Wildlife

Bowhead whales, once abundant, are now rare in Tugur Bay.Shpak, O. V., Meschersky, I. G., Chichkina, A. N., Kuznetsova, D. M., Paramonov, A. Y., & V. V. Rozhnov. (2014). "New data on the Okhotsk Sea bowhead whales". ''Paper presented to the Scientific Committee of IWC 65''. 5 pp. In the summer beluga whales aggregate at the head of the bay to feed on

spawning Spawn is the Egg cell, eggs and Spermatozoa, sperm released or deposited into water by aquatic animals. As a verb, ''to spawn'' refers to the process of freely releasing eggs and sperm into a body of water (fresh or marine); the physical act is ...

in the Tugur River

estuary An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime enviro ...

.Solovyev, B. A., Shpak, O. V., Glazov, D. M., Rozhnov, V. V., & D. M. Kuznetsova. (2015). "Summer distribution of beluga whales (''Delphinapterus leucas'') in the Sea of Okhotsk". ''Russian J. Theriol.'' 14 (2): 201-215.

Wader 245px, A flock of Red_knot.html" ;"title="Dunlins and Red knot">Dunlins and Red knots Waders or shorebirds are birds of the order Charadriiformes commonly found wikt:wade#Etymology 1, wading along shorelines and mudflats in order to foraging, ...

s use the intertidal area at the head of the bay as a stopover during their summer-fall

migration Migration, migratory, or migrate may refer to: Human migration * Human migration, physical movement by humans from one region to another ** International migration, when peoples cross state boundaries and stay in the host state for some minimum le ...

. The two most abundant species are great knot and Terek sandpiper.Pronkevich, V. V. (1998). "Migration of waders in the Khabarovsk region of the Far East". ''International Wader Studies'' 10: 425-430.

References

{{reflist, 30em

External links

Рыбалка Тугур
Landscapes of the Tugur River
''Primary production processes in Tugur Bay of the sea of Okhotsk'', Oceanology 43(3):359-368, May 2003
Bays of the Pacific Ocean Bays of the Sea of Okhotsk Bays of Khabarovsk Krai Shipwrecks in the Sea of Okhotsk Whaling stations