Opisthorchiidae is a family of
digenea
Digenea (Gr. ''Dis'' – double, ''Genos'' – race) is a class of trematodes in the Platyhelminthes phylum, consisting of parasitic flatworms (known as ''flukes'') with a syncytial tegument and, usually, two suckers, one ventral and one or ...
n trematodes. Opisthorchiidae have
cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, a cosmopolitan distribution is the range of a taxon that extends across most or all of the surface of the Earth, in appropriate habitats; most cosmopolitan species are known to be highly adaptable to a range of climatic and en ...
.
The most medically important species in the family Opisthorchiidae are ''
Clonorchis sinensis
''Clonorchis sinensis'', the Chinese liver fluke, is a liver fluke belonging to the class trematode, Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes. It infects fish-eating mammals, including humans. In humans, it infects the common bile duct and gall bladder, ...
'', ''
Opisthorchis viverrini
''Opisthorchis viverrini'', common name Southeast Asian liver fluke, is a food-borne trematode parasite from the family Opisthorchiidae that infects the bile duct. People are infected after eating raw or undercooked fish. Infection with the pa ...
'', and ''
Opisthorchis felineus
''Opisthorchis felineus'', the Siberian liver fluke or cat liver fluke, is a trematode parasite that infects the liver in mammals. It was first discovered in 1884 in a cat's liver by of Italy. In 1891, Russian parasitologist, (1847–1906) ...
'',
that are causes of the disease
clonorchiasis
Clonorchiasis is an infectious disease caused by the Chinese liver fluke (''Clonorchis sinensis'') and two related species.
Clonorchiasis is a known risk factor for the development of cholangiocarcinoma, a neoplasm of the biliary system.
Symp ...
.
Some species are parasites of economically important fish, e.g. ''
Clarias gariepinus
''Clarias gariepinus'' or African sharptooth catfish is a species of catfish of the family Clariidae, the airbreathing catfishes.
Distribution
They are found throughout Africa and the Middle East, and live in freshwater lakes, rivers, and swa ...
''.
[Jansen van Rensburg, C., van As, J.G. & King, P.H. 2013. New records of digenean parasites of ''Clarias gariepinus'' (Pisces: Clariidae) from the Okavango Delta, Botswana, with description of ''Thaparotrema botswanensis'' sp. n. (Plathelminthes: Trematoda). '']African Invertebrates
''African Invertebrates'' is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that covers the taxonomy, systematics, biogeography, ecology, conservation, and palaeontology of Afrotropical invertebrates, whether terrestrial, freshwater, or marine. A ...
'' 54 (2): 431–446.
Subfamilies
Thirteen subfamilies are in the family Opisthorchiidae:
but their number is inconsistent:
*
Allogomtiotrematinae - Gupta, 1955;
Yamaguti, 1958 - two genera
*
Aphallinae -
Yamaguti, 1958 - one genus
*
Delphinicolinae -
Yamaguti, 1933 - one genus
*
Diasiellinae -
Yamaguti, 1958 - one genus
*
Metorchiinae - Luhe, 1909 - four genera
*
Oesophagicolinae -
Yamaguti, 1933 - one genus
*
Opisthorchiinae -
Yamaguti, 1899 - 14 genera
*
Pachytrematinae -
Railliet, 1919; Ejsmont, 1931 - one genus
*
Plotnikoviinae - Skrjabin, 1945; Skrjabin et Petrov, 1950 - one genus
*
Pseudamphimerinae - Skrjabin et Petrov, 1950 - three genera
*
Pseudamphistominae -
Yamaguti, 1958 - two genera
*
Ratziinae -
Dollfus, 1929; Price, 1940 - one genus
*
Tubangorchiinae -
Yamaguti, 1958 - one genus
Genera
The family Opisthorchiidae consists of 33 valid genera:
* ''
Agrawalotrema'' Sahay & Sahay, 1988
* ''
Allogomtiotrema''
Yamaguti, 1958
* ''
Amphimerus'' Barker, 1911
* ''
Cladocystis'' Poche, 1926
* ''
Clonorchis'' Looss, 1907
* ''
Cyclorchis'' Luhe, 1908
* ''
Delphinicola''
Yamaguti, 1933
* ''
Diasiella'' Travassos, 1949
* ''
Erschoviorchis'' Skrjabin, 1945
* ''
Euamphimerus''
Yamaguti, 1941
* ''
Evranorchis'' Skrjabin, 1944
* ''
Gomtia'' Thapar, 1930
* ''
Hepatiarius'' Fedzullaev, 1961
* ''
Holometra'' Looss, 1899
* ''
Metametorchis'' Morozov, 1939
* ''
Metorchis'' Looss, 1899
* ''
Microtrema'' Kobayashi, 1915
* ''
Nigerina'' Baugh, 1958
* ''
Oesophagicola''
Yamaguti, 1933
* ''
Opisthorchis'' Blanchard, 1895
* ''
Pachytrema'' Looss, 1907
* ''
Parametorchis'' Skrjabin, 1913
* ''
Paropisthorchis'' Stephens, 1912
* ''
Plotnikovia'' Skrjabin, 1945
* ''
Pseudamphimerus'' Gower, 1940
* ''
Pseudamphistomum'' Luhe, 1908
* ''
Pseudogomtiotrema'' Gupta & Jain, 1991
* ''
Ratzia'' Poche, 1926
* ''
Satyapalia'' Lakshminarayana & Hafeezullah, 1974
* ''
Thaparotrema'' Gupta, 1955
* ''
Trionychotrema'' Chin & Zhang, 1981
* ''
Tubangorchis'' Skrjabin, 1944
* ''
Witenbergia'' Vaz, 1932
References
{{Authority control
Trematode families
Plagiorchiida