140405 Tsu Castle Tsu MIe pref Japan16s3

was a feudal domain under the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars ...

Edo period The , also known as the , is the period between 1600 or 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when the country was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and some 300 regional ''daimyo'', or feudal lords. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengok ...

Japan, located in

Ise Province was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today includes most of modern Mie Prefecture. Ise bordered on Iga, Kii, Mino, Ōmi, Owari, Shima, and Yamato Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was . History The name of Ise appears ...

and in

Iga Province was a Provinces of Japan, province of Japan located in what is today part of western Mie Prefecture.Louis-Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Iga" in . Its abbreviated name was . Iga is classified as one of the provinces of the T� ...

in what is part of now modern-day

Tsu, Mie is the capital city of Mie Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 274,879 in 127,273 households and a population density of 390 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . Although the second largest city in the ...

. It was centered around Tsu Castle. Tsu Domain was controlled by the '' tozama'' Tōdō clan throughout most of its history.

History

Tsu was known as "Anotsu" during the

Sengoku period The was the period in History of Japan, Japanese history in which civil wars and social upheavals took place almost continuously in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Kyōtoku incident (1454), Ōnin War (1467), or (1493) are generally chosen as th ...

and was controlled by the Kudo clan, who were originally from

Shinano Province or is an old province of Japan that is now Nagano Prefecture. Shinano bordered Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. The ancient capital was located near modern-day Matsumoto, whi ...

Oda Nobunaga was a Japanese ''daimyō'' and one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period, Sengoku and Azuchi-Momoyama periods. He was the and regarded as the first "Great Unifier" of Japan. He is sometimes referred as the "Demon Daimyō" and "Demo ...

's invasion of Ise in 1568 was resolved by the Kudo clan adopting Nobunaga's younger brother, Oda Nobukane as heir. Following Nobunaga's death, Nobukane swore fealty to

Toyotomi Hideyoshi , otherwise known as and , was a Japanese samurai and ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) of the late Sengoku period, Sengoku and Azuchi-Momoyama periods and regarded as the second "Great Unifier" of Japan.Richard Holmes, The World Atlas of Warfare: ...

; however, in 1594 he was transferred to

Ōmi Province was a Provinces of Japan, province of Japan, which today comprises Shiga Prefecture. It was one of the provinces that made up the Tōsandō Circuit (subnational entity), circuit. Its nickname is . Under the ''Engishiki'' classification system, ...

. Hideyoshi assigned the territory to Tomita Tomonobu, with a '' kokudaka'' of 50,000 ''koku''. On his death in 1599, he was succeeded by his son, Tomita Nobutaka, who approached

Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (born Matsudaira Takechiyo; 31 January 1543 – 1 June 1616) was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was the third of the three "Gr ...

. He assisted Ieyasu in the invasion of Aizu, but was later defeated at the Battle of Aonutsu Castle by a pro-Toyotomi coalition. Following the 1600

Battle of Sekigahara The Battle of Sekigahara (Shinjitai: ; Kyūjitai: , Hepburn romanization: ''Sekigahara no Tatakai'') was an important battle in Japan which occurred on October 21, 1600 (Keichō 5, 15th day of the 9th month) in what is now Gifu Prefecture, ...

, Tokugawa Ieyasu reinstated Tomita Nobukane as ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and no ...

'' of Tsu Domain, with an increase in ''kokudaka'' to 70,000 ''koku''. He was transferred to

Uwajima Domain file:Date Munenari coloured.jpg, 270px, Date Munenari file:Uwajima Date Museum 1.jpg, 270px, Uwajima Date Museum was a Han (Japan), feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now western Ehime Prefecture on the is ...

Iyo Province was a Provinces of Japan, province of Japan in the area of northwestern Shikoku.Louis-Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Tosa''" in . Iyo bordered on Sanuki Province to the northeast, Awa Province (Tokushima), Awa to the east ...

in 1608. The domain was then given to Tōdō Takatora, with a ''kokudaka'' of 220,000 ''koku''. Although a ''

tozama daimyō was a class of powerful magnates or ''daimyō'' (大名) considered to be outsiders by the ruler of Japan during the Edo period (江戸時代). ''Tozama daimyō'' were classified in the Tokugawa shogunate (江戸幕府) as ''daimyō'' who becam ...

'', Tōdō Takatora received special treatment from Tokugawa Ieyasu from an early stage, and had been entrusted with the construction of

Edo Castle is a flatland castle that was built in 1457 by Ōta Dōkan in Edo, Toshima District, Musashi Province. In modern times it is part of the Tokyo Imperial Palace in Chiyoda, Tokyo, and is therefore also known as . Tokugawa Ieyasu established th ...

. He also performed well during the

Siege of Osaka A siege () . is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or by well-prepared assault. Siege warfare (also called siegecrafts or poliorcetics) is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict charact ...

and his holdings were increased with additional territories in

, bringing his total to 270,000 ''koku''. He gained another 50,000 ''koku'' in 1617 in southern Ise, to which he added 3000 ''koku'' in

Shimōsa Province was a province of Japan in the area of modern Chiba Prefecture and Ibaraki Prefecture as well as the bordering parts of Saitama Prefecture and Tokyo (the parts that used to be located east of the lower reaches of the old Tone River prior to the ...

which were originally the patrimony of his younger brother. His total holdings of 323,000 ''koku'' were the ninth largest in Japan, excluding the '' shimpan'' Tokugawa and Matsudaira domains. In 1619 Tokugawa Yorinobu was transferred to Wakayama Castle, and the 50,000 ''koku'' Tamaru region of southern Ise was transferred from Tsu to Kii Domain; however, Tōdō Takatora received equivalent holdings in

Yamato was originally the area around today's Sakurai, Nara, Sakurai City in Nara Prefecture of Japan, which became Yamato Province and by extension a Names of Japan, name for the whole of Japan. Yamato is also the dynastic name of the ruling Imperial ...

and

Yamashiro Province was a province of Japan, located in Kinai. It overlaps the southern part of modern Kyoto Prefecture on Honshū. Aliases include , the rare , and . It is classified as an upper province in the '' Engishiki''. Yamashiro Province included Kyoto it ...

s in compensation. However, on the retirement of Tōdō Takatsugu in 1669, 50,000 ''koku'' of his holdings were split off to allow his second son to establish a cadet branch of the clan at Hisai Domain. Another 3000 ''koku'' were given to a third son, leaving the 3rd ''daimyō'', Tōdō Takahisa, with an inheritance of 270,950 ''koku''. The domain was often beset by natural disasters, including three large earthquakes, and bad harvests, which kept the domain's finances on precarious footing. A major peasant uprising occurred during the tenure of the 9th ''daimyō'', Tōdō Takamine. The 10th ''daimyō'', Tōdō Takasato succeeded with fiscal reforms, and encouraged forestry and

sericulture Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk. Although there are several commercial species of silkworms, the caterpillar of the Bombyx mori, domestic silkmoth is the most widely used and intensively studied silkwo ...

. He also established the han school "Yuzoukan," at Tsu, and the branch "Chouhirodo," in Iga, in which study of the various schools of

Japanese swordsmanship is an umbrella term for all (''ko-budō'') schools of Japanese swordsmanship, in particular those that predate the Meiji Restoration. Some modern styles of kendo and iaido that were established in the 20th century also included modern forms of k ...

were promoted. The situation deteriorated again under the 11th ''daimyō'', Tōdō Takayuki, and natural disasters such as bad harvests and earthquakes occurred one after another, driving the domain deeply into debt. With the start of the

Boshin War The , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution or Japanese Civil War, was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a coalition seeking to seize political power in the name of the Impe ...

, he proclaimed the domain's neutrality, stating that he refused to participate in what he viewed as a private feud between Satsuma and Aizu. However, after the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, he was visited by a messenger from

Emperor Meiji , posthumously honored as , was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the List of emperors of Japan, traditional order of succession, reigning from 1867 until his death in 1912. His reign is associated with the Meiji Restoration of 1868, which ...

, and his local commanders decided to assist the

Satchō Alliance The , or was a powerful military alliance between the southwestern feudal domains of Satsuma and Chōshū formed in 1866 to combine their efforts to restore Imperial rule and overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. History The name ''Satc ...

by attacking the retreating shogunate forces. This contributed greatly to then imperial victory, and greatly demoralized the Tokugawa forces who were shocked at Tsu Domain's sudden defection. The forces of Tsu Domain served in the vanguard of the imperial advance down the Tōkaidō. In 1868, Tōdō Takayuki was appointed imperial governor of Tsu, but there was much local dissatisfaction with his rule and numerous uprisings until his retirement in 1871. The final ''daimyō'', Tōdō Takakiyo, served only a few weeks as imperial governor before the

abolition of the han system The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

As with most domains in the

han system (, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the Estate (land), estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji (era), Meiji period (1868–1912).Louis Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan Encycloped ...

, Tsu Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned '' kokudaka'', based on periodic

cadastral A cadastre or cadaster ( ) is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property's metes and bounds, metes-and-bounds of a country.Jo Henssen, ''Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,'/ref> Often it is represente ...

surveys and projected agricultural yields. *

**15 villages in Mie District **29 villages in Kawawa District **3 villages in Suzuka District **73 villages in Anō District **56 villages in Ichishi District **33 villages in Iino District **20 villages in Taki District *

**14 villages in Sōraku District *

Yamato Province was a province of Japan, located in Kinai, corresponding to present-day Nara Prefecture in Honshū. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2005). "Yamato" in . It was also called . Yamato consists of two characters, 大 "great", and 和 " Wa". At first, th ...

**42 villages in Soekami District **9 villages in Shikijō District **24 villages in Toichi District **59 villages in Yamabe District *

(entire province) **69 villages in Ahai District **26 villages in Yamada District **41 villages in Nabari District **61 villages in Iga District

List of daimyō

Genealogy (simplified)

*Tōdō Torataka, an ''ashigaru.'' ** I.Takatora, 1st ''daimyō'' of Tsu (cr. 1608) (1556–1630; r. 1608–1630) *** II. Takatsugu, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Tsu (1602–1676; r. 1630–1669) **** III. Takahisa, 3rd ''daimyō'' of Tsu (1638–1703; r. 1669–1703). ****Takamichi, 1st ''daimyō'' of Hisai (cr. 1669) (1644–1697) ***** V. Takatoshi, 5th ''daimyō'' of Tsu (1693–1728; r. 1708–1728) **** IV. Takachika, 4th ''daimyō'' of Tsu (1667–1708; r. 1703–1708) **Takakiyo (1585–1640) ***Takahide ****Takaaki (1645–1711) *****Takatake ****** VII. Takaaki, 7th ''daimyō'' of Tsu (1717–1785; r. 1735–1769) ******* VIII. Takanaga, 8th ''daimyō'' of Tsu (1751–1770; r. 1769–1770). ******* IX. Takasato, 9th ''daimyō'' of Tsu (1746–1806; r. 1770–1806) ******** X. Takasawa, 10th ''daimyō'' of Tsu (1781–1825; r. 1806–1824) ********* XI. Takayuki, 11th ''daimyō'' of Tsu (1813–1895; r. 1825–1869) **********Takakiyo, 20th family head, 1st Count (1837–1889; Governor of Tsu: 1869–1871, Count: 1884) ***********Takatsugu, 21st family head, 2nd Count (1884–1943; 21st family head and 2nd Count: 1889–1943) ************Takatei, 22nd family head, 3rd Count (1917–1946; 22nd family head and 3rd Count: 1943–1946) *************Takamasa, 23rd family head, 4th Count (b. 1944; 23rd family head and 4th Count: 1946–1947; 23rd family head: 1947–present) ************** Takahito (b. 1972) ***** VI. Takaharu, 6th ''daimyō'' of Tsu (1710–1735; r. 1728–1735) Genealogy
/ref>

References

{{Domains of Kinki Domains of Japan 1601 establishments in Japan 1871 disestablishments in Japan Ise Province Iga Province History of Mie Prefecture Tsu, Mie

History

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

List of daimyō

Genealogy (simplified)

See also

References