''Trypoxylon'' is a genus of wasps in the family

Crabronidae The Crabronidae is a large family of wasps within the superfamily Apoidea. Taxonomy and phylogeny This family has historically been treated as a subfamily in the now-defunct Spheciformes group under the family Sphecidae. The Spheciformes inclu ...

. All ''Trypoxylon'' species that have been studied so far are active hunters of

spiders Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species di ...

, which they paralyse with a venomous sting, to provide as food to their developing larvae. Depending on the species, they will either construct their own nest from mud or find cavities that already exist. These cavities can range from keyholes to nail holes to previously abandoned nests, and are generally sealed with mud to create cells for their larvae.

Worldwide distribution

The 634 species in this most speciose genus are found worldwide being represented in the

Palearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is a biogeographic realm of the Earth, the largest of eight. Confined almost entirely to the Eastern Hemisphere, it stretches across Europe and Asia, north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. Th ...

Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...

Afrotropic The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopi ...

(largest number of species in the

Old World The "Old World" () is a term for Afro-Eurasia coined by Europeans after 1493, when they became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia in the Eastern Hemisphere, previously ...

Neotropic The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeogra ...

(highest number of species),

Australasia Australasia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising Australia, New Zealand (overlapping with Polynesia), and sometimes including New Guinea and surrounding islands (overlapping with Melanesia). The term is used in a number of different context ...

(poorly represented) and

Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia. Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Ind ...

Selected species

SourceCatalogue of life
/ref> *'' Trypoxylon albipes'' F. Smith 1856 *'' Trypoxylon attenuatum'' F. Smith 1851 *'' Trypoxylon beaumonti'' Antropov 1991 *''

Trypoxylon clavicerum ''Trypoxylon clavicerum'' is a Palearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is a biogeographic realm of the Earth, the largest of eight. Confined almost entirely to the Eastern Hemisphere, it stretches across Europe and Asia, north of the foo ...

'' Lepeletier & Serville 1828 *'' Trypoxylon collinum'' F. Smith, 1856 *'' Trypoxylon deceptorium'' Antropov 1991 *'' Trypoxylon figulus'' (Linnaeus 1758) *'' Trypoxylon fronticorne'' Gussakowskij 1936 *'' Trypoxylon kolazyi'' Kohl 1893 *'' Trypoxylon kostylevi'' Antropov 1985 *'' Trypoxylon lactitarse'' Saussure 1842 *'' Trypoxylon latilobatum'' Antropov 1991 *'' Trypoxylon medium'' Beaumont 1945 *'' Trypoxylon megriense'' Antropov 1985 *'' Trypoxylon minus'' Beaumont 1945 *'' Trypoxylon politum'' Drury, 1773 *'' Trypoxylon rogenhoferi'' Kohl 1884 *'' Trypoxylon rubiginosum'' Gussakowskij 1936 *'' Trypoxylon scutatum'' Chevrier 1867 *'' Trypoxylon syriacum'' Mercet 1906

Bibliography

*Bohart, R. M. & Menke, A. S. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World: a Generic Revision. — Berkeley: Univ. California Press. — ix. 695 pp. *Tsuneki, K. 1977. Some ''Trypoxylon'' species from the southwestern Pacific (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Larrinae). Special Publication, Japan Hymenopterists Association 6: 20 pp. *Tsuneki, K. 1978. Studies on the genus ''Trypoxylon'' Latreille of the Oriental and Australian regions (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) I. Group of ''Trypoxylon scutatum'' Chevrier with some species from Madagascar and the adjacent islands. Special Publication, Japan Hymenopterists Association 7: 87 pp. *Tsuneki, K. 1979. Studies on the genus ''Trypoxylon'' Latreille of the Oriental and Australian regions (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). III. Species from the Indian subcontinent including southeast Asia. Special Publication, Japan Hymenopterists Association 9: 178 pp. *Tsuneki, K. 1981. Studies on the genus ''Trypoxylon'' Latreille of the Oriental and Australian regions (Hymenoptera Sphecidae) VIII. Species from New Guinea and South Pacific Islands. IX. Species from Australia. Special Publication, Japan Hymenopterists Association 14: 106 pp.

References

External links

''Trypoxylon'' images
at

Consortium for the Barcode of Life The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of ...

Catalog of Sphecidae California Academy of Sciences Institute of Biodiversity
{{Authority control Crabronidae Hymenoptera of North America Apoidea genera

Worldwide distribution

Selected species

Bibliography

See also

References

External links