Trunajaya (Madurese) or Tronajâyâ, also known as Panembahan Maduretno (1649 – 2 January 1680), was a prince and warlord from Arosbaya,

Bangkalan Bangkalan ( Madurese: ''Bhângkalan'') is a town on the western coast of Madura Island in Indonesia, the government seat of the Bangkalan Regency. Tourism Mount Jaddih is 10 kilometres from Bangkalan and can be accessed by a motorcycle to the mo ...

Madura is an list of islands of Indonesia, Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. The island comprises an area of approximately (administratively including various smaller islands to the east, southeast and north that are administratively ...

, known for leading the

Trunajaya rebellion The Trunajaya Rebellion (also spelled Trunojoyo) or Trunajaya War was the ultimately unsuccessful rebellion waged during the 1670s by the Madurese prince Trunajaya and fighters from Makassar against the Mataram Sultanate and its Dutch East I ...

(1674–1681) against the rulers of the

Mataram Sultanate The Sultanate of Mataram () was the last major independent Javanese people, Javanese kingdom on the island of Java (island), Java before it was Dutch Empire, colonised by the Dutch. It was the dominant political force radiating from the inte ...

on the island of

Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...

Rebellion

Trunajaya was born in

. In 1674 he led a revolt against Amangkurat I and

Amangkurat II Amangkurat II (also known as Rahmat; died 1703) was the ''susuhunan'' of the Sultanate of Mataram from 1677 to 1703. Before taking the throne, he was the crown prince and had the title Pangeran Adipati Anom. He was the first Javanese monarch to ...

of Mataram. He was supported by itinerant fighters from

Makassar Makassar ( ), formerly Ujung Pandang ( ), is the capital of the Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province of South Sulawesi. It is the largest city in the region of Eastern Indonesia and the country's fifth-largest urban center after Jakarta, ...

led by

Karaeng Galesong I Maninrori Kare Tojeng, also known as Karaeng Galesong, was a Makassarese nobleman and warrior, and a major leader of the Trunajaya rebellion in Java against the Mataram Sultanate. He participated in the successful invasion of East Java and the su ...

. The Trunajaya rebellion moved swiftly, gained momentum, and captured the Mataram court at

Plered Plered (also Pleret) was the location of the Kraton (Indonesia), palace of Amangkurat I of Mataram Sultanate, Mataram (1645–1677). Amangkurat moved the capital there from the nearby Karta Palace, Karta in 1647. During the Trunajaya rebellion, th ...

in mid-1677. The Mataram king, Amangkurat I, escaped to the north coast with his eldest son, the future king

, leaving his younger son ''Pangeran'' (Prince) Puger in Mataram. More interested in profit and revenge than in running a struggling empire, the rebel Trunajaya looted the court and withdrew to his stronghold in Kediri, East Java, leaving Prince Puger in control of a weak court. While on his way to Batavia to ask the Dutch for help, Amangkurat I died in the village of Tegalarum near

Tegal Tegal is a city in the northwest part of Central Java of Indonesia. It is situated on the north coast (or ''pesisir'') of the province of Central Java, about from Semarang, the capital of the province. It had a population of 239,599 at the 2010 ...

just after his expulsion, thus making Amangkurat II king in 1677. He too was nearly helpless, having fled without an army or a treasury. In an attempt to regain his kingdom, he made substantial concessions to the

Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( ; VOC ), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered company, chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world. Established on 20 March 1602 by the States Ge ...

(VOC) in Batavia, who then went to war to reinstate him. In agreement, he promised to hand over the port town of

Semarang Semarang (Javanese script, Javanese: , ''Kutha Semarang'') is the capital and largest city of Central Java province in Indonesia. It was a major port during the Netherlands, Dutch Dutch East Indies, colonial era, and is still an important regio ...

to the Dutch if they lent him troops. The Dutch agreed, since for them, a stable Mataram empire that was deeply indebted to them would help ensure continued trade on favourable terms. The multi-ethnic Dutch forces, consisting of lightly armed troops from

and Ambon, in addition to heavily equipped European soldiers, defeated Trunajaya in Kediri in November 1678. Trunajaya himself was captured in 1679 near Ngantang west of Malang. He was executed by order of Amangkurat II in Payak,

Bantul Bantul is a town and district, and the capital of Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The district (''kapanewon'') covers an area of and had a population of 64,360 at the 2020 Census. It is a bustling town about to the s ...

on 2 January 1680.

Legacy

The Trunajaya rebellion is remembered with pride as a heroic struggle by the

Madurese people Madurese people ('' mUH-dOO-rUH''; ; ) are one of the Austronesian-speaking ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Madura in the Java Sea, off the northeastern coast of Java. They speak their own native Madurese (with diverse varieties ...

, against foreign forces of the Mataram state and the Dutch VOC. Today

Trunojoyo Airport Trunojoyo Airport () is an airport near Sumenep Regency, Sumenep, a city in the Madura Island of East Java, Indonesia. It is named after the Madurese nobleman Trunajaya, who led a Trunajaya rebellion, rebellion in the 17th century against Matara ...

Sumenep Sumenep is a regency of the East Java province, Indonesia. It has an area of 2,093.47 square kilometres (808.29 sq mi) and an population of 1,143,002 (comprising 552,127 males and 590,875 females) as at mid 2024.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 ...

and

Trunojoyo University Trunojoyo University (Unijoyo) is a public university in the Bangkalan Regency (on Madura island), in East Java province, Indonesia. Unijoyo was redesignated as a public university under the Presidential Decree dated July 5, 2001. The college was ...

, both in Madura, are named after him.

References

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Notes

{{reflist, 2 Trunajaya rebellion 1649 births 1680 deaths History of Java National Heroes of Indonesia People from Madura Island Rebel princes