Salamandridae is a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

salamander Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by their lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults. All t ...

s consisting of true salamanders and

newt A newt is a salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae. The terrestrial juvenile phase is called an eft. Unlike other members of the family Salamandridae, newts are semiaquatic, alternating between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Not all aqua ...

s. Salamandrids are distinguished from other salamanders by the lack of rib or costal grooves along the sides of their bodies and by their rough skin. Their skin is very granular because of the number of poison glands. They also lack nasolabial grooves. Most species of Salamandridae have moveable eyelids but lack lacrimal glands. Nearly all salamandrids produce a potent toxin in their skin, with some species being deadly to many other animal species. With a few exceptions, salamandrids have patterns of bright and contrasting colours, most of these are to warn potential predators of their toxicity. They have four well-developed limbs, with four toes on the fore limbs, and (in most cases) five toes on the hind limbs. They vary from in length. Many species within this family reproduce by method of internal fertilization. Additionally, there are many species-specific courtship rituals that males perform to attract mates. These courtship rituals often employ pheromones to induce mating behavior in females. Pheromones have been discovered to be the driving force behind female mating responses in Alpine newts. These pheromones can induce behavior even when male visual epigamic characters and courtship dances are absent. All species within the genus ''Lyciasalamandra'' are viviparous, meaning they give birth to live young, without a

tadpole A tadpole or polliwog (also spelled pollywog) is the Larva, larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully Aquatic animal, aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial animal, ...

stage. There are some species within the genus ''Salamandra'' are known to be viviparous too''.'' Some newts are

neotenic Neoteny (), also called juvenilization,Montagu, A. (1989). Growing Young. Bergin & Garvey: CT. is the delaying or slowing of the physiological, or somatic, development of an organism, typically an animal. Neoteny in modern humans is more signif ...

, being able to reproduce before they are fully metamorphosed. The females of many species can store sperm for up to 6 months at a time.

Toxicity

The genus ''Taricha'' use the poison

tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin. Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, an Order (biology), order that includes Tetraodontidae, pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish, and triggerfish; several of these species carry the toxin. Alt ...

(TTX) that binds and blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (Na_v) in nerves and muscles. This blockage causes the cessation of action potentials, leading to paralysis and death. The rough-skinned newt (''Taricha granulosa)'' uses tetrodotoxin and is considered the most poisonous species of newt. There are species and sub-species of ''Taricha'' that live in concurrent regions with a garter snake (''Thamnophis)'' that has developed a resistance to the TTX poisoning. Species that inhabit regions with resistant ''Thamnophis'' snakes have evolved to increase their concentrations of TTX in an evolutionary arms race of predator versus prey.

Conservation status (IUCN Redlist)

Phylogeny

Cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ...

s based on the work of Pyron and Wiens (2011) and modified using Mikko Haaramo

Taxonomy

The genus ''Salamandrina'' is the only member of the subfamily Salamandrininae, and the

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

''Chioglossa'', ''Lyciasalamandra'', ''Mertensiella'', and ''Salamandra'' are grouped in the subfamily Salamandrinae, with sixteen other genera comprising the subfamily Pleurodelinae. Those with a more thoroughly aquatic lifestyle are referred to as "newts", but this is not a formal taxonomic description. Family SALAMANDRIDAE *Subfamily Pleurodelinae **Genus ''

Calotriton ''Calotriton'', or the European brook newts, is a genus of newts native to the Pyrenees and central Catalonia (Catalan Pre-coastal Range). These amphibians were formerly placed within genus ''Euproctus'', but the genus was resurrected in 2005. In ...

'' - two species ***'' Calotriton arnoldi'' Carranza & Amat, 2005 ***''

Calotriton asper The Pyrenean brook salamander or Pyrenean newt (''Calotriton asper''), (; ; ; ), is a largely aquatic species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. It is found in the Pyrenees of Andorra, France, and Spain. The IUCN lists it as least concern ...

'' (Dugès, 1852) **Genus ''

Cynops The fire belly newt or fire newt is a genus (''Cynops'') of newts native to Japan and China. All of the species show bright yellow or red bellies, but this feature is not unique to this genus. Their skin contains a toxin that can be harmful if i ...

'' (fire belly newts) - ten species ***''

Cynops chenggongensis The Chenggong fire belly newt (''Cynops chenggongensis'') is a species of newt of China. It is only known from its type locality, Shuitan in the Chenggong District of Yunnan Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southweste ...

'' Kou and Xing, 1983 ***''

Cynops cyanurus The Chuxiong fire-bellied newt (''Cynops cyanurus'') is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae that is endemic to China where it is only found in Guizhou and Yunnan. It also occurs in Kunming Lake. Its natural habitats are subtropic ...

'' Liu, Hu, and Yang, 1962 ***''

Cynops ensicauda The sword-tail newt, sword-tailed newt, yellow-bellied newt, or Okinawa newt (''Cynops ensicauda'') is a species of true salamander from the Ryukyu Archipelago in Japan. It has recently been placed on Japan's Red List of Threatened Amphibians. ...

'' (Hallowell, 1861) ***''

Cynops fudingensis The Fuding fire belly newt (''Cynops fudingensis'') is a rare species of newt in the family Salamandridae, endemic to China. It is only known from Fuding in northeastern Fujian, from the locality where it was described as a new species in 2010. A ...

'' Wu, Wang, Jiang, and Hanken, 2010 ***''

Cynops glaucus The fire belly newt or fire newt is a genus (''Cynops'') of newts native to Japan and China. All of the species show bright yellow or red bellies, but this feature is not unique to this genus. Their skin contains a toxin that can be harmful if i ...

'' Yuan, Jiang, Ding, Zhang, and Che, 2013 ***''

Cynops orientalis The Chinese fire belly newt (''Cynops orientalis'') is a small () black newt, with bright-orange aposematic coloration on their ventral sides. ''C. orientalis'' is commonly seen in pet stores, where it is frequently confused with the Japanese ...

'' (David, 1873) ***''

Cynops orphicus The Dayang newt (''Cynops orphicus'') is a rare species of salamander in the family Salamandridae, endemic to China. It is known from Jiexi County in eastern Guangdong from where it was collected in 1936 (more specifically, from Dayang, which gav ...

'' Risch, 1983 ***''

Cynops pyrrhogaster The Japanese fire-bellied newt or Japanese fire-bellied salamander (''Cynops pyrrhogaster'') is a species of newt endemic to Japan. The skin on its upper body is dark and its lower regions bright red, although coloration varies with age, geneti ...

'' (Boie, 1826) ***''

Cynops wolterstorffi The Yunnan lake newt (''Cynops wolterstorffi'') is an extinct species of newt in the family Salamandridae, and was also known as Wolterstorff's newt. It was only found near the Kunming Lake in Yunnan, China. It was found in shallow lake waters an ...

'' (Boulenger, 1905) ***''

Cynops yunnanensis The fire belly newt or fire newt is a genus (''Cynops'') of newts native to Japan and China. All of the species show bright yellow or red bellies, but this feature is not unique to this genus. Their skin contains a toxin that can be harmful if i ...

'' Yang, 1983 **Genus ''

Echinotriton ''Echinotriton'' is a genus of salamanders in the family Salamandridae Salamandridae is a Family (biology), family of salamanders consisting of true salamanders and newts. Salamandrids are distinguished from other salamanders by the lack of ri ...

'' - three species ***'' Echinotriton andersoni'' (Boulenger, 1892) ***'' Echinotriton chinhaiensis'' (Chang, 1932) ***'' Echinotriton maxiquadratus'' Hou, Wu, Yang, Zheng, Yuan, and Li, 2014 **Genus ''

Euproctus ''Euproctus'', the European mountain salamanders, is a genus of salamanders in the family Salamandridae from Sardinia and Corsica. Species There are two species: The Pyrenean brook salamander used to be included in this genus as ''Euproctus a ...

'' - two species ***''

Euproctus montanus The Corsican brook salamander or Corsican mountain newt (''Euproctus montanus'') is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. It is endemic to Corsica, an island in the Mediterranean Sea. The Corsican brook salamander is found primari ...

'' (Savi, 1838) ***''

Euproctus platycephalus ''Euproctus'', the European mountain salamanders, is a genus of salamanders in the family Salamandridae from Sardinia and Corsica. Species There are two species: The Pyrenean brook salamander used to be included in this genus as ''Euproctus a ...

'' (Gravenhorst, 1829) **Genus ''

Ichthyosaura ''Ichthyosaura'' is a genus of newts in the family Salamandridae, found in Europe. The only extant species is the alpine newt (''Ichthyosaura alpestris''), although two fossil species are also known. Taxonomy "''Ichthyosaura''", Greek for "fi ...

'' - one species ***''

Ichthyosaura alpestris The alpine newt (''Ichthyosaura alpestris'') is a species of newt native to continental Europe and introduced to Great Britain and New Zealand. Adults measure and are usually dark grey to blue on the back and sides, with an orange belly and th ...

'' (Laurenti, 1768) **Genus '' Laotriton'' - one species ***'' Laotriton laoensis'' (Stuart & Papenfuss, 2002) **Genus ''

Lissotriton ''Lissotriton'' is a genus of newts native to Europe and parts of Asia Minor. As most other newts, they are aquatic as larvae and during breeding time but live in terrestrial, humid environments over the rest of the season. These rather small sp ...

'' - ten species ***'' Lissotriton boscai'' (Lataste, 1879) ***'' Lissotriton graecus'' (Wolterstorff, 1906) ***'' Lissotriton helveticus'' (Razoumovsky, 1789) ***''

Lissotriton italicus The Italian newt (''Lissotriton italicus'') is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae found only in Italy. The species can be found in temperate forests, temperate shrubland, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, freshwater lakes, i ...

'' (Peracca, 1898) ***'' Lissotriton kosswigi'' (Freytag, 1955) ***'' Lissotriton lantzi'' (Wolterstorff, 1914) ***'' Lissotriton maltzani'' (Boettger, 1879) ***''

Lissotriton montandoni The Carpathian newt, or Montandon's newt, (''Lissotriton montandoni'') is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae found in Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Ukraine. The total length of adults of this species is around 1 ...

'' (Boulenger, 1880) ***'' Lissotriton schmidtleri'' (Raxworthy, 1988) ***''

Lissotriton vulgaris The smooth newt, European newt, northern smooth newt or common newt (''Lissotriton vulgaris'') is a species of newt. It is widespread in Europe and parts of Asia, and has been introduced into Australia. Individuals are brown with a spotted und ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **Genus ''

Neurergus ''Neurergus'' is a genus of salamanders, more specifically newts, in the family Salamandridae. They are found in the Middle East (predominantly in Turkey and Iran), and are kept and bred in captivity for their bright colors. In nature, they inhab ...

'' - five species ***''

Neurergus barani ''Neurergus'' is a genus of salamanders, more specifically newts, in the family Salamandridae. They are found in the Middle East (predominantly in Turkey and Iran), and are kept and bred in captivity for their bright colors. In nature, they inhab ...

'' Öz, 1994 ***'' Neurergus crocatus'' Cope, 1862 ***'' Neurergus derjugini'' (Nesterov, 1916) ***'' Neurergus kaiseri'' Schmidt, 1952 ***'' Neurergus strauchii'' (Steindachner, 1887) **Genus ''

Notophthalmus ''Notophthalmus'' is a genus of newts. There are three species. The name derives from Greek νῶτον (''nōton''), meaning "back", and Greek ὀφθαλμός (''ophthalmos''), meaning "eye". Description ''Notophthalmus'' species are East Ame ...

'' - three species ***''

Notophthalmus meridionalis ''Notophthalmus meridionalis'', the black-spotted newt or Texas newt, is a species of aquatic newt native to northeastern Mexico and southern Texas in the United States. This amphibian was put on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species in 2008 wi ...

'' (Cope, 1880) ***''

Notophthalmus perstriatus The striped newt (''Notophthalmus perstriatus'') is a species of aquatic salamander native to the southeastern United States. It is a close relative of the eastern newt, with which it shares territory, and can be distinguished from the latter by ...

'' (Bishop, 1941) ***''

Notophthalmus viridescens The eastern newt (''Notophthalmus viridescens'') is a common newt of eastern North America. It frequents small lakes, ponds, and streams or nearby wet forests. The eastern newt produces tetrodotoxin, which makes the species unpalatable to predato ...

'' (Rafinesque, 1820) **Genus ''

Ommatotriton ''Ommatotriton'' or banded newts is a genus of salamanders in the family Salamandridae. The genus occurs in Western Asia and Caucasus. The species in this genus were formerly placed in the genus ''Triturus''. Taxonomy The genus contains three sp ...

'' - three species ***''

Ommatotriton nesterovi The Anatolian banded newt (''Ommatotriton nesterovi'') is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae, most notably found in Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of ...

'' (Litvinchuk, Zuiderwijk, Borkin, and Rosanov, 2005) ***''

Ommatotriton ophryticus ''Ommatotriton ophryticus'', the northern banded newt, is a species of newt in the family Salamandridae. It is found in northeastern Turkey and western Caucasus in Georgia (country), Georgia, Armenia, and southern Russia. Taxonomy ''Ommatotriton ...

'' (Berthold, 1846) ***''

Ommatotriton vittatus The southern banded newt (''Ommatotriton vittatus'') is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae found in Armenia (Lori Province of northern Armenia), Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey Turkey, officially the R ...

'' (Gray, 1835) **Genus ''

Pachytriton ''Pachytriton'', also known as the paddle-tail newts or Chinese newts, is a genus of salamanders in the family Salamandridae. They are found in southeastern China. Species There are ten species: References

Pachytriton, Amphibian ge ...

'' - ten species ***'' Pachytriton airobranchiatus'' Li, Yuan, Li, and Wu, 2018 ***'' Pachytriton archospotus'' Shen, Shen, and Mo, 2008 ***'' Pachytriton brevipes'' (Sauvage, 1876) ***'' Pachytriton changi'' Nishikawa, Matsui, and Jiang, 2012 ***'' Pachytriton feii'' Nishikawa, Jiang, and Matsui, 2011 ***'' Pachytriton granulosus'' Chang, 1933 ***'' Pachytriton inexpectatus'' Nishikawa, Jiang, Matsui, and Mo, 2011 ***'' Pachytriton moi'' Nishikawa, Jiang, and Matsui, 2011 ***'' Pachytriton wuguanfui'' Yuan, Zhang, and Che, 2016 ***'' Pachytriton xanthospilos'' Wu, Wang, and Hanken, 2012 **Genus ''

Paramesotriton ''Paramesotriton'', also known as warty newts or Asian warty newts, is a genus of salamanders in the family Salamandridae. The genus is found in southwestern and southern China and in northern Vietnam. Most of the species are endemic to China, an ...

'' - fourteen species ***''

Paramesotriton aurantius ''Paramesotriton'', also known as warty newts or Asian warty newts, is a genus of salamanders in the family Salamandridae. The genus is found in southwestern and southern China and in northern Vietnam. Most of the species are endemic to China, an ...

'' Yuan, Wu, Zhou, and Che, 2016 ***'' Paramesotriton caudopunctatus'' (Liu and Hu, 1973) ***'' Paramesotriton chinensis'' (Gray, 1859) ***''

Paramesotriton deloustali The Tam Dao salamander, Vietnamese salamander, or Vietnam warty newt (''Paramesotriton deloustali'') is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae found only in Vietnam and Yunnan, China. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropica ...

'' (Bourret, 1934) ***'' Paramesotriton fuzhongensis'' Wen, 1989 ***''

Paramesotriton guangxiensis ''Paramesotriton guangxiensis'', the Guangxi warty newt, is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. It is found only in China: it is only known from Paiyangshan, Ningming County, in Guangxi Province. Its natural habitats are subtro ...

'' (Huang, Tang, and Tang, 1983) ***''

Paramesotriton hongkongensis The Hong Kong warty newt or Hong Kong newt (''Paramesotriton hongkongensis'', see alsthe synonyms is a species of salamander (newt) found in Hong Kong. Once thought to be endemic to the territory, the species has also been found in the coastal pa ...

'' (Myers and Leviton, 1962) ***''

Paramesotriton labiatus ''Paramesotriton labiatus'' is a species of newt in the family Salamandridae. It is endemic to Guangxi, China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exce ...

'' (Unterstein, 1930) ***'' Paramesotriton longliensis'' Li, Tian, Gu, and Xiong, 2008 ***''

Paramesotriton maolanensis ''Paramesotriton maolanensis'', also known as the Maolan warty newt, is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. It is known only from Maolan National Nature Reserve in Libo County, southern Guizhou, China. It is a relatively large me ...

'' Gu, Chen, Tian, Li, and Ran, 2012 ***''

Paramesotriton qixilingensis ''Paramesotriton'', also known as warty newts or Asian warty newts, is a genus of salamanders in the family Salamandridae. The genus is found in southwestern and southern China and in northern Vietnam. Most of the species are endemic to China, an ...

'' Yan, Zhao, Jiang, Hou, He, Murphy, and Che, 2014 ***''

Paramesotriton wulingensis ''Paramesotriton'', also known as warty newts or Asian warty newts, is a genus of salamanders in the family Salamandridae. The genus is found in southwestern and southern China and in northern Vietnam. Most of the species are endemic to China, an ...

'' Wang, Tian, and Gu, 2013 ***''

Paramesotriton yunwuensis ''Paramesotriton yunwuensis'' is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. It is endemic to the Yunwu Mountains in Guangdong, southern China, and known from its type locality near Nanchong village, Fuhe, Luoding City, and from the Y ...

'' Wu, Jiang, and Hanken, 2010 ***'' Paramesotriton zhijinensis'' Li, Tian, and Gu, 2008 **Genus ''

Pleurodeles ''Pleurodeles'' is a genus of three species, the ribbed newts: The Iberian ribbed newt is the most common of the three species, and the most frequently used as a model organism by scientists. However, its numbers in the wild are declining, and ...

'' - three species ***''

Pleurodeles nebulosus The Algerian ribbed newt (''Pleurodeles nebulosus'') is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae found in Algeria and Tunisia. The natural habitats of this newt are rivers, intermittent rivers, swamps, cisterns, freshwater marshes, in ...

'' (Guichenot, 1850) ***''

Pleurodeles poireti ''Pleurodeles poireti'', the Edough ribbed newt or Poiret's newt, is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. It is found only in the Edough Massif, in the north east of Algeria. The natural habitats are of these newts are rivers, in ...

'' (Gervais, 1836) ***''

Pleurodeles waltl The Iberian ribbed newt (''Pleurodeles waltl)'', also known commonly as the Spanish ribbed newt and ''el gallipato'' in Spanish, is a species of salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae of the family Salamandridae. The species is native to t ...

'' Michahelles, 1830 **Genus ''

Taricha The genus ''Taricha'' consists of four species of highly toxic newts in the family Salamandridae. Their common name is Pacific newts, sometimes also western newts or roughskin newts. The four species within this genus are the California newt, t ...

'' - four species ***''

Taricha granulosa The rough-skinned newt or roughskin newt (''Taricha granulosa'') is a North American newt known for the strong toxin exuded from its skin. Appearance A stocky newt with rounded snout, it ranges from light brown to olive or brownish-black on t ...

'' (Skilton, 1849) ***''

Taricha rivularis The red-bellied newt (''Taricha rivularis'') is a newt that is native to coastal woodlands in northern California and is terrestrial for most of its life. Description When full grown, the red-bellied newt measures between from its nose to its v ...

'' (Twitty, 1935) ***'' Taricha sierrae'' (Twitty, 1942) ***''

Taricha torosa The genus ''Taricha'' consists of four species of highly toxic newts in the family Salamandridae. Their common name is Pacific newts, sometimes also western newts or roughskin newts. The four species within this genus are the California newt, th ...

'' (Rathke, 1833) **Genus ''

Triturus ''Triturus'' is a genus of newts comprising the crested and the marbled newts, which are found from Great Britain through most of continental Europe to westernmost Siberia, Anatolia, and the Caspian Sea region. Their English names refer to the ...

'' (crested newts) - nine species ***''

Triturus anatolicus The Anatolian crested newt (''Triturus anatolicus'') is a species of newt endemic to northern Anatolia in Turkey. Before its description in 2016, it was initially considered to belong to the southern crested newt (''Triturus karelinii'') and the ...

'' Wielstra & Arntzen, 2016 ***''

Triturus carnifex The Italian crested newt (''Triturus carnifex'') is a species of newt in the family Salamandridae. Habitat ''Triturus carnifex'' is found in parts of the Balkans and Italy. It is an aquatic breeder that can spend up to four months in the water. ...

'' (Laurenti, 1768) ***''

Triturus cristatus The northern crested newt, great crested newt or warty newt (''Triturus cristatus'') is a newt species native to Great Britain, northern and central continental Europe and parts of Western Siberia. It is a large newt, with females growing up to ...

'' (Laurenti, 1768) ***''

Triturus dobrogicus The Danube crested newt or Danube newt (''Triturus dobrogicus'') is a species of newt found in central and eastern Europe, along the basin of the Danube river and some of its tributaries and in the Dnieper delta. It has a smaller and more slender ...

'' (Kiritzescu, 1768) ***''

Triturus ivanbureschi The Balkan crested newt or Buresch's crested newt (''Triturus ivanbureschi'') is a newt species of the crested newt species complex in genus ''Triturus'', found in Southeastern Europe and Anatolia. It was originally described as a subspecies of ...

'' Arntzen & Wielstra, 2013 ***''

Triturus karelinii The southern crested newt (''Triturus karelinii'') is a terrestrial European newt. It is similar to the northern crested newt (''Triturus cristatus'') except larger and more robust. In 2013, the Balkan-Anatolian crested newt (''Triturus ivanbure ...

'' (Strauch, 1870) ***''

Triturus macedonicus ''Triturus macedonicus'', the Macedonian crested newt, is a newt species of the crested newt species complex in genus ''Triturus'', found in the Western Balkan peninsula (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Albania, North Macedonia, north-western Greece and sout ...

'' (Karaman, 1922) ***'' Triturus marmoratus'' (Latreille, 1800) ***''

Triturus pygmaeus The southern marbled newt or pygmy marbled newt (''Triturus pygmaeus'') is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. It is found in Portugal and Spain. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, ...

'' (Wolterstorff, 1905) **Genus ''

Tylototriton ''Tylototriton'' is a genus of newts known as crocodile newts or knobby newts. About 38 known species are in this genus. Many species have been described just recently. They range from northeastern India and Nepal through Myanmar, Burma to northe ...

'' (crocodile newts) - twenty-five species ***'' Tylototriton anguliceps'' Le, Nguyen, Nishikawa, Nguyen, Pham, Matsui, Bernardes, and Nguyen, 2015 ***'' Tylototriton anhuiensis'' Qian, Sun, Li, Guo, Pan, Kang, Wang, Jiang, Wu, and Zhang, 2017 ***'' Tylototriton asperrimus'' Unterstein, 1930 ***'' Tylototriton broadoridgus'' Shen, Jiang, and Mo, 2012 ***'' Tylototriton dabienicus'' Chen, Wang, and Tao, 2010 ***'' Tylototriton hainanensis'' Fei, Ye, and Yang, 1984 ***'' Tylototriton himalayanus'' Khatiwada, Wang, Ghimire, Vasudevan, Paudel, and Jiang, 2015 ***'' Tylototriton kachinorum'' Zaw, Lay, Pawangkhanant, Gorin, and Poyarkov, 2019 ***'' Tylototriton kweichowensis'' Fang and Chang, 1932 ***'' Tylototriton liuyangensis'' Yang, Jiang, Shen, and Fei, 2014 ***'' Tylototriton lizhengchangi'' Hou, Zhang, Jiang, Li and Lu, 2012 ***'' Tylototriton ngarsuensis'' Grismer, Wood, Quah, Thura, Espinoza, Grismer, Murdoch, and Lin, 2018 ***'' Tylototriton notialis'' Stuart, Phimmachak, Sivongxay, and Robichaud, 2010 ***'' Tylototriton panhai'' Nishikawa, Khonsue, Pomchote, and Matsui, 2013 ***'' Tylototriton podichthys'' Phimmachak, Aowphol, and Stuart, 2015 ***'' Tylototriton pseudoverrucosus'' Hou, Gu, Zhang, Zeng, and Lu, 2012 ***'' Tylototriton shanjing'' Nussbaum, Brodie, and Yang, 1995 ***'' Tylototriton shanorum'' Nishikawa, Matsui, and Rao, 2014 ***'' Tylototriton taliangensis'' Liu, 1950 ***'' Tylototriton uyenoi'' Nishikawa, Khonsue, Pomchote, and Matsui, 2013 ***'' Tylototriton verrucosus'' Anderson, 1871 ***'' Tylototriton vietnamensis'' Böhme, Schöttler, Nguyen, and Köhler, 2005 ***'' Tylototriton wenxianensis'' Fei, Ye, and Yang, 1984 ***'' Tylototriton yangi'' Hou, Zhang, Zhou, Li, and Lu, 2012 ***'' Tylototriton ziegleri'' Nishikawa, Matsui, and Nguyen, 2013 *Subfamily Salamandrinae **Genus ''Chioglossa'' - one species ***''

Chioglossa lusitanica The gold-striped salamander or golden-striped salamander (''Chioglossa lusitanica'') is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. It is the only species of the genus ''Chioglossa''. It is found in the north-west of Iberia (in Portugal ...

'' Bocage, 1864 **Genus '' Lyciasalamandra'' - seven species ***'' Lyciasalamandra antalyana'' (Başoğlu and Baran, 1976) ***'' Lyciasalamandra atifi'' (Başoğlu, 1967) ***'' Lyciasalamandra billae'' (Franzen and Klewen, 1987) ***'' Lyciasalamandra fazilae'' (Başoğlu and Atatür, 1975 "1974") ***'' Lyciasalamandra flavimembris'' (Mutz and Steinfartz, 1995) ***'' Lyciasalamandra helverseni'' (Pieper, 1963) ***'' Lyciasalamandra luschani'' (Steindachner, 1891) **Genus ''Mertensiella'' - one species ***'' Mertensiella caucasica'' (Waga, 1876) **Genus ''

Salamandra ''Salamandra'' is a genus of six species of salamanders localized in central and southern Europe, Northern Africa, and western Asia. List of species References External links Salamandraat Fauna Europaea * Salamandraat Animal Diversity We ...

'' (fire salamanders) - seven species ***''

Salamandra algira ''Salamandra'' is a genus of six species of salamanders localized in central and southern Europe, Northern Africa, and western Asia. List of species References External links Salamandraat Fauna Europaea * Salamandraat Animal Diversity We ...

'' Bedriaga, 1883 ***''

Salamandra atra The alpine salamander (''Salamandra atra'') is a black salamander that can be found in the Alps, and through the mountainous range in Europe. It is a member of the genus ''Salamandra''. Their species name, ''atra'', may be derived from the Latin ...

'' Laurenti, 1768 ***''

Salamandra corsica The Corsican fire salamander (''Salamandra corsica'') is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae found only on the island of Corsica as an endemic species. In former times, this species was known as a subspecies of the widespread but ...

'' Savi, 1838 ***''

Salamandra infraimmaculata The Near Eastern fire salamander (''Salamandra infraimmaculata''), in Arabic ''arouss al-ayn'', is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae found in Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel. Its natural habitats are subtropical d ...

'' Martens, 1885 ***''

Salamandra lanzai Lanza's alpine salamander or the large alpine salamander (''Salamandra lanzai'') is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae, found in France and Italy. Its natural habitats are forests, grasslands, and pasturelands, all of which are t ...

'' Nascetti, Andreone, Capula, and Bullini, 1988 ***'' Salamandra longirostris'' Joger and Steinfartz, 1994 ***''

Salamandra salamandra The fire salamander (''Salamandra salamandra'') is a common species of salamander found in Europe. It is black with yellow spots or stripes to a varying degree; some specimens can be nearly completely black while on others the yellow is dominant ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *Subfamily Salamandrininae **Genus '' Salamandrina''- two species ***''

Salamandrina perspicillata ''Salamandrina perspicillata'', the northern spectacled salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae found only in Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western E ...

'' (Savi, 1821) ***''

Salamandrina terdigitata The spectacled salamander (''Salamandrina terdigitata'') is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. This species is found only in the southern Apennine Range in Italy in humid valleys and shady, overgrown hillsides at altitudes bet ...

'' (Bonnaterre, 1789)

Fossil record

Salamandrids have a substantial fossil record spanning most of the Cenozoic. The oldest known fossils date from the

Thanetian The Thanetian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy, ICS Geologic timescale, the latest age (geology), age or uppermost stage (stratigraphy), stratigraphic stage of the Paleocene epoch (geology), Epoch or series (stratigraphy), Serie ...

(

Paleocene The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), ...

), but these, and most other known fossil salamandrids apparently belong to the

crown group In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor ...

. The sole known stem-salamandrid is ''Phosphotriton sigei'', from the

Quercy Phosphorites Formation The Quercy Phosphorites Formation (French language, French: ''Phosphorites du Quercy''; ) is a Formation (geology), geologic formation and lagerstätte in Occitania (administrative region), Occitanie, southern France. It preserves fossils dated to ...

, which apparently dates from the Middle to Late

Eocene The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes ...

References

External links

Tree of Life: SalamandridaeLiving Under WorldTylototriton.org
{{Authority control Amphibian families Taxa named by Georg August Goldfuss