Tropical Cyclones In 1998 on:
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During 1998, tropical cyclones formed within seven different
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id:WPAC value:red legend: West_Pacific_Ocean
id:NIO value:orange legend: North_Indian_Ocean
id:SWIO value:purple legend: Southwest_Indian_Ocean
id:SPAC value:yellow legend: South_Pacific_Ocean
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from:27/12/1997 till:10/01/1998 color:SPAC text:
An average Atlantic hurricane season features 12 tropical storms, 6 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes, and features an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) count of 106. In 1998 in the North Atlantic basin, most of the statistics fell well above listed.
The 1998 Atlantic hurricane season was one of the most disastrous
An average Pacific hurricane season features 15 tropical storms, 9 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes, and features an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) count of 132.
The season produced 13 named storms, slightly below the average of 15 named storms per season. However, the season total of nine hurricanes was one above the average, and the total of six major hurricanes surpassed the average of three. Activity during the season was hindered by the northward movement of the
The average typhoon season lasts year-round, with the majority of the storms forming between May and October. An average Pacific typhoon season features 26 tropical storms, 16 typhoons, and 9 super typhoons (unofficial category). It also features an average Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) count of approximately 294; the basin is typically the most active basin for tropical cyclone formation.
During the 1998 Pacific typhoon season, a total of 28 tropical depressions developed across the western Pacific basin. Of those 28 depressions, a total of 18 strengthened into tropical storms of which 9 further intensified into typhoons. The first
With eleven depressions and eight tropical cyclones, this was one of the most active seasons in the ocean along with 1987,
The month of January was relatively active, with 9 tropical cyclones forming, with 8 of them are being named.
Like the previous month, the month of February featured nine storms, of which four are respectively named.
The month of March featured 7 tropical cyclones forming, with 6 of them are being named.
6 systems formed in April, with 3 of them are respectively named.
The month of May was abnormally inactive, with none of the three tropical cyclones forming intensifying into named storms. Due to the inactivity, Cyclonic Storm BOB 01 was the most intense storm this month, with a minimum barometric pressure of 972 hPa, and a maximum 3-min sustained wind speed of 70 MPH.
3 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1998 are counted in the seasonal totals.
4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the
5 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
6The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on
US National Hurricane Center
nbsp;– North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
Central Pacific Hurricane Center
nbsp;– Central Pacific
Japan Meteorological Agency
nbsp;– NW Pacific
India Meteorological Department
nbsp;–
Météo-France – La Reunion
nbsp;– South Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
Fiji Meteorological Service
nbsp;– South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers
Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia
nbsp;– South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 141°E, generally north of 10°S
Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane)
nbsp;– South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, generally south of 10°S
Papua New Guinea National Weather Service
nbsp;– South Pacific Ocean from 141°E to 160°E, generally north of 10°S
Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited
nbsp;– South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S {{Tropical cyclone season, 1998 * Tropical cyclones by year
tropical cyclone basins
Traditionally, areas of tropical cyclone formation are divided into seven basins. These include the North Atlantic Ocean, the eastern and western parts of the North Pacific Ocean, the Southwest Pacific, the Southwest and Southeast Indian Oceans, ...
, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. A total of 125 tropical cyclones formed, with 72 of them being named by various weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained wind
The maximum sustained wind associated with a tropical cyclone is a common
indicator of the intensity of the storm. Within a mature tropical cyclone, it is found within the eyewall at a certain distance from the center, known as the radius of ma ...
s of 35 knots
A knot is a fastening in rope or interwoven lines.
Knot or knots may also refer to:
Other common meanings
* Knot (unit), of speed
* Knot (wood), a timber imperfection
Arts, entertainment, and media Films
* ''Knots'' (film), a 2004 film
* ''Kn ...
(65 km/h
The kilometre per hour ( SI symbol: km/h; non-SI abbreviations: kph, kmph, km/hr) is a unit of speed, expressing the number of kilometres travelled in one hour.
History
Although the metre was formally defined in 1799, the term "kilometres per h ...
, 40 mph). The strongest tropical cyclones were Zeb, Ron Ron is a shortening of the name Ronald.
Ron or RON may also refer to:
Arts and media
* Big Ron (''EastEnders''), a TV character
* Ron (''King of Fighters''), a video game character
*Ron Douglas, the protagonist in '' Lucky Stiff'' played by Joe ...
and Susan
Susan is a feminine given name, the usual English version of Susanna or Susannah. All are versions of the Hebrew name Shoshana, which is derived from the Hebrew ''shoshan'', meaning ''lotus flower'' in Egyptian, original derivation, and severa ...
which peaked with a pressure of . Hurricane Mitch
Hurricane Mitch was an extremely deadly and catastrophic Atlantic hurricane, which became the second-deadliest tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin on record. Mitch caused 11,374 fatalities in Central America in 1998, including approximately ...
of late October was the deadliest tropical cyclone, killing 11,000 people as it catastrophically affected Central America, and Mexico as a Category 5 major hurricane. Meanwhile, Georges Georges may refer to:
Places
*Georges River, New South Wales, Australia
*Georges Quay (Dublin)
*Georges Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Other uses
*Georges (name)
* ''Georges'' (novel), a novel by Alexandre Dumas
* "Georges" (song), a 1977 ...
became the costliest, with the damages amounting to $9.37 billion, which also became the costliest in the history of the Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean. It shares a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Puerto Rico to the east and ...
and the country of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis, officially the Federation of Saint Christopher (St Kitts) and Nevis, is an island country consisting of the two islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, both located in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands chain of the Less ...
. Throughout the year, four Category 5 tropical cyclones formed. The accumulated cyclone energy
Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) is a metric used to compare overall activity of tropical cyclones, utilizing the available records of windspeeds at six-hour intervals to synthesize storm duration and strength into a single index value. The ACE ...
(ACE) index for the 1998 (seven basins combined), as calculated by Colorado State University
Colorado State University (Colorado State or CSU) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Fort Collins, Colorado, United States. It is the flagship university of the Colorado State University Syst ...
was 773.1 units.
Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions
A strong La Niña started in 1998 and persisted until early 2001.Summary
Susan
Susan is a feminine given name, the usual English version of Susanna or Susannah. All are versions of the Hebrew name Shoshana, which is derived from the Hebrew ''shoshan'', meaning ''lotus flower'' in Egyptian, original derivation, and severa ...
from:26/12/1997 till:02/01/1998 color:AUSR text: Selwyn
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from:01/01/1998 till:25/01/1998 color:AUSR text: Katrina
from:01/01/1998 till:09/01/1998 color:SPAC text:Ron Ron is a shortening of the name Ronald.
Ron or RON may also refer to:
Arts and media
* Big Ron (''EastEnders''), a TV character
* Ron (''King of Fighters''), a video game character
*Ron Douglas, the protagonist in '' Lucky Stiff'' played by Joe ...
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from:07/01/1998 till:11/01/1998 color:SPAC
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from:16/01/1998 till:23/01/1998 color:SWIO text:A1
from:19/01/1998 till:01/02/1998 color:AUSR text:Les
LES or Les may refer to:
People
* Les (given name)
* Les (surname)
* L.E.S. (producer), hip hop producer
Space flight
* Launch Entry Suit, worn by Space Shuttle crews
* Launch escape system, for spacecraft emergencies
* Lincoln Experimental ...
from:22/01/1998 till:31/01/1998 color:AUSR text:Tiffany
from:25/01/1998 till:27/01/1998 color:SPAC text:Tui
from:29/01/1998 till:01/02/1998 color:SPAC text:Ursula
from:30/01/1998 till:03/02/1998 color:SPAC text:Veli
from:31/01/1998 till:05/02/1998 color:SPAC text:Wes
from:03/02/1998 till:20/02/1998 color:SWIO text:Beltane
from:06/02/1998 till:13/02/1998 color:SWIO text:Anacelle
from:08/02/1998 till:16/02/1998 color:AUSR
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from:16/02/1998 till:19/02/1998 color:SWIO text:Victor-Cindy
from:11/02/1998 till:15/02/1998 color:SPAC text:Unnamed
from:16/02/1998 till:19/02/1998 color:SWIO text:D1
from:18/02/1998 till:25/02/1998 color:SWIO text:D2
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from:25/02/1998 till:26/02/1998 color:AUSR text:May
from:28/02/1998 till:02/03/1998 color:SPAC text:Unnamed
from:28/02/1998 till:01/03/1998 color:SPAC text:Unnamed
from:02/03/1998 till:05/03/1998 color:AUSR text:Unnamed
from:04/03/1998 till:10/03/1998 color:SWIO text:Donaline
from:07/03/1998 till:09/03/1998 color:AUSR text: Elsie
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from:09/03/1998 till:18/03/1998 color:SWIO
from:15/03/1998 till:20/03/1998 color:SWIO text:Fiona
from:18/03/1998 till:01/04/1998 color:SPAC text: Yali
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from:25/03/1998 till:25/03/1998 color:AUSR
from:20/03/1998 till:26/03/1998 color:AUSR text:Nathan
from:29/03/1998 till:05/04/1998 color:SPAC text:Zuman
from:07/04/1998 till:14/04/1998 color:SWIO text:Gemma
from:07/04/1998 till:07/04/1998 color:SWIO text:Unnamed (33S)
from:17/04/1998 till:26/04/1998 color:SPAC text:Alan
Alan may refer to:
People
*Alan (surname), an English and Kurdish surname
* Alan (given name), an English given name
** List of people with given name Alan
''Following are people commonly referred to solely by "Alan" or by a homonymous name.''
* ...
from:19/04/1998 till:22/04/1998 color:SWIO text:Unnamed (34S)
from:19/04/1998 till:19/04/1998 color:AUSR text:TL
from:28/04/1998 till:03/05/1998 color:SPAC text:Bart
from:17/05/1998 till:20/05/1998 color:NIO text:BOB 01
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from:28/05/1998 till:29/05/1998 color:WPAC text:TD
from:28/05/1998 till:29/05/1998 color:NIO text:ARB 01
from:04/06/1998 till:10/06/1998 color:NIO text: ARB 02
from:11/06/1998 till:16/06/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Agatha
from:13/06/1998 till:15/06/1998 color:NIO text:BOB 02
from:19/06/1998 till:22/06/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Two-E
from:22/06/1998 till:30/06/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Blas
from:07/07/1998 till:12/07/1998 color:WPAC text:01W
from:08/07/1998 till:10/07/1998 color:WPAC text:Nichole
from:17/07/1998 till:21/07/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Celia
from:20/07/1998 till:25/07/1998 color:SWIO text:H4
from:23/07/1998 till:25/07/1998 color:WPAC text:TD
from:23/07/1998 till:01/08/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Darby
from:25/07/1998 till:25/07/1998 color:WPAC text:03W
from:27/07/1998 till:02/08/1998 color:NATL text:Alex
from:29/07/1998 till:08/08/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Estelle
from:01/08/1998 till:06/08/1998 color:WPAC text:Otto
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from:06/08/1998 till:10/08/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Frank
from:06/08/1998 till:11/08/1998 color:WPAC text:Penny
from:11/08/1998 till:17/08/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Georgette
from:16/08/1998 till:18/08/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:One-C
from:19/08/1998 till:30/08/1998 color:NATL text:Bonnie
Bonnie is a Scottish given name and is sometimes used as a descriptive reference, as in the Scottish folk song, My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean or Bonnie Dundee about John Graham, 7th Laird of Claverhouse. It comes from the Scots language word "bon ...
from:20/08/1998 till:30/08/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Howard
from:21/08/1998 till:24/08/1998 color:NATL text: Charley
from:21/08/1998 till:22/08/1998 color:WPAC text:TD
from:23/08/1998 till:06/09/1998 color:WPAC text:Rex
from:24/08/1998 till:08/09/1998 color:NATL text:Danielle
Danielle is a modern French female variant of the male name Daniel, meaning "The God(dess)" in the French language.
The name "Daniel" originates from the Hebrew Bible and is associated with the prophet Daniel. In Hebrew, the name is composed of ...
from:31/08/1998 till:05/09/1998 color:WPAC text:07W
from:31/08/1998 till:08/09/1998 color:NATL text:Earl
Earl () is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the Peerages in the United Kingdom, peerage, ranking below a marquess and above a viscount. A feminine form of ''earl'' never developed; instead, ...
from:01/09/1998 till:08/09/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Isis
Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingdom () as one of the main characters of the Osiris myth, in which she resurrects her sla ...
from:03/09/1998 till:06/09/1998 color:SWIO text:A1
from:06/09/1998 till:14/09/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Javier
from:07/09/1998 till:08/09/1998 color:WPAC text:TD
from:08/09/1998 till:13/09/1998 color:NATL text:Frances
Frances is an English given name or last name of Latin origin. In Latin the meaning of the name Frances is 'from France' or 'the French.' The male version of the name in English is Francis (given name), Francis. The original Franciscus, meaning "F ...
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from:07/09/1998 till:08/09/1998 color:WPAC text:TD
from:11/09/1998 till:16/09/1998 color:WPAC text:Stella
from:13/09/1998 till:14/09/1998 color:WPAC text:09W
from:15/09/1998 till:01/10/1998 color:NATL text:Georges Georges may refer to:
Places
*Georges River, New South Wales, Australia
*Georges Quay (Dublin)
*Georges Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Other uses
*Georges (name)
* ''Georges'' (novel), a novel by Alexandre Dumas
* "Georges" (song), a 1977 ...
from:15/09/1998 till:20/09/1998 color:WPAC text:Todd
from:17/09/1998 till:20/09/1998 color:NATL text: Hermine
from:17/09/1998 till:22/09/1998 color:WPAC text: Vicki
from:18/09/1998 till:19/09/1998 color:WPAC text:12W
from:19/09/1998 till:27/09/1998 color:NATL text:Ivan
from:19/09/1998 till:21/09/1998 color:WPAC text:Waldo
from:21/09/1998 till:01/10/1998 color:NATL text:Jeanne
from:23/09/1998 till:28/09/1998 color:NATL text:Karl
from:26/09/1998 till:30/09/1998 color:WPAC text:Yanni
from:29/09/1998 till:02/10/1998 color:SWIO text:A2
from:30/09/1998 till:01/10/1998 color:NIO text:ARB 03
from:01/10/1998 till:03/10/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Twelve-E
from:02/10/1998 till:05/10/1998 color:WPAC text:15W
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from:04/10/1998 till:07/10/1998 color:WPAC text:16W
from:05/10/1998 till:06/10/1998 color:WPAC text:17W
from:05/10/1998 till:09/10/1998 color:NATL text:Lisa
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from:06/10/1998 till:09/10/1998 color:NIO text:ARB 04
from:07/10/1998 till:10/10/1998 color:AUSR text:Zelia
from:10/10/1998 till:20/10/1998 color:WPAC text: Zeb
from:11/10/1998 till:11/10/1998 color:WPAC text:Alex
from:11/10/1998 till:18/10/1998 color:NIO text:ARB 05
from:13/10/1998 till:17/10/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Kay
from:13/10/1998 till:15/10/1998 color:NIO text: BOB 03
from:14/10/1998 till:30/10/1998 color:WPAC text: Babs
from:15/10/1998 till:26/10/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Lester
Lester is an ancient Anglo-Saxon surname and given name.
People
Given name
* Lester Bangs (1948–1982), American music critic
* Lester Oliver Bankhead (1912–1997), American architect
* Lester W. Bentley (1908–1972), American artist from ...
from:16/10/1998 till:20/10/1998 color:EPAC/CPAC text:Madeline
''Madeline'' is a media franchise that originated as a series of children's books written and illustrated by Ludwig Bemelmans. The books have been adapted into numerous formats, spawning telefilms, television series and a live action feature fi ...
from:22/10/1998 till:09/11/1998 color:NATL text:Mitch
Mitch is a short form of the masculine given name Mitchell. It is also sometimes a nickname, usually for a person with the surname Mitchell. It may refer to:
People
* Mitch Albom (born 1958), American author, journalist, and musician
* Mitch ...
from:26/10/1998 till:29/10/1998 color:NIO text:BOB 04
from:04/11/1998 till:07/11/1998 color:WPAC text:TD
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from:07/11/1998 till:13/11/1998 color:AUSR text:Allison
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from:11/11/1998 till:17/11/1998 color:WPAC text:Chip
from:13/11/1998 till:16/11/1998 color:NIO text:BOB 05
from:16/11/1998 till:20/11/1998 color:WPAC text:Dawn
from:17/11/1998 till:23/11/1998 color:NIO text:BOB 06
from:22/11/1998 till:26/11/1998 color:WPAC text:Elvis
from:24/11/1998 till:01/12/1998 color:NATL text:Nicole
from:01/12/1998 till:06/12/1998 color:AUSR text:Billy
from:03/12/1998 till:15/12/1998 color:WPAC text: Thelma
from:04/12/1998 till:07/12/1998 color:SWIO text:A3 (TL)
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from:07/12/1998 till:13/12/1998 color:AUSR
from:04/12/1998 till:04/12/1998 color:SPAC text:01F
from:08/12/1998 till:14/12/1998 color:WPAC text:Faith
Faith is confidence or trust in a person, thing, or concept. In the context of religion, faith is " belief in God or in the doctrines or teachings of religion".
According to the Merriam-Webster's Dictionary, faith has multiple definitions, inc ...
from:09/12/1998 till:12/12/1998 color:WPAC text:Gil
from:11/12/1998 till:17/12/1998 color:NIO text:ARB 06
from:14/12/1998 till:17/12/1998 color:SPAC text:20P
from:17/12/1998 till:19/12/1998 color:WPAC text:26W
from:19/12/1998 till:21/12/1998 color:WPAC text:27W
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from:21/12/1998 till:24/12/1998 color:SPAC text:02F
from:22/12/1998 till:28/12/1998 color:AUSR text:Cathy
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from:28/12/1998 till:28/12/1998 color:SWIO
from:23/12/1998 till:28/12/1998 color:SPAC text:Cora
from:25/12/1998 till:26/12/1998 color:SPAC text:04F
from:26/12/1998 till:02/01/1999 color:AUSR text:TL
bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas
from:26/12/1997 till:01/01/1998 text:Dec. '97
from:01/01/1998 till:01/02/1998 text:January
from:01/02/1998 till:01/03/1998 text:February
from:01/03/1998 till:01/04/1998 text:March
from:01/04/1998 till:01/05/1998 text:April
from:01/05/1998 till:01/06/1998 text:May
from:01/06/1998 till:01/07/1998 text:June
from:01/07/1998 till:01/08/1998 text:July
from:01/08/1998 till:01/09/1998 text:August
from:01/09/1998 till:01/10/1998 text:September
from:01/10/1998 till:01/11/1998 text:October
from:01/11/1998 till:01/12/1998 text:November
from:01/12/1998 till:01/01/1999 text:December
from:01/01/1999 till:07/01/1999 text:Jan. '99
TextData =
pos:(690,30)
text:"This table is based on the"
pos:(810,30)
text:"tropical cyclone basins
Traditionally, areas of tropical cyclone formation are divided into seven basins. These include the North Atlantic Ocean, the eastern and western parts of the North Pacific Ocean, the Southwest Pacific, the Southwest and Southeast Indian Oceans, ...
"
North Atlantic Ocean
An average Atlantic hurricane season features 12 tropical storms, 6 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes, and features an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) count of 106. In 1998 in the North Atlantic basin, most of the statistics fell well above listed.
The 1998 Atlantic hurricane season was one of the most disastrous Atlantic hurricane seasons
The Atlantic hurricane season is the period in a year, from June 1 through November 30, when tropical or subtropical cyclones are most likely to form in the North Atlantic Ocean. These dates, adopted by convention, encompass the pe ...
on record, featuring the highest number of storm-related fatalities in over 218 years and one of the costliest ever at the time. The season had above average activity, due to the dissipation of the El Niño event and transition to La Niña
LA most frequently refers to Los Angeles, the second most populous city in the United States of America.
La, LA, or L.A. may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment Music
*La (musical note), or A, the sixth note
*"L.A.", a song by Elliott Smit ...
conditions.
The most notable storms were Hurricane Georges
Hurricane Georges () was a powerful and long-lived tropical cyclone which caused severe destruction as it traversed the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico in September 1998, making seven landfalls along its path. Georges was the seventh tropical storm ...
and Hurricane Mitch
Hurricane Mitch was an extremely deadly and catastrophic Atlantic hurricane, which became the second-deadliest tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin on record. Mitch caused 11,374 fatalities in Central America in 1998, including approximately ...
. Georges devastated Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis, officially the Federation of Saint Christopher (St Kitts) and Nevis, is an island country consisting of the two islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, both located in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands chain of the Less ...
, Puerto Rico
; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...
and the Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean. It shares a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Puerto Rico to the east and ...
as a major Category 3 storm but peaked as a high-end Category 4 hurricane just before moving through many of the Caribbean Islands before affecting the southern US mainland, making its landfall near Biloxi, Mississippi
Biloxi ( ; ) is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, United States. It lies on the Gulf Coast of the United States, Gulf Coast in southern Mississippi, bordering the city of Gulfport, Mississippi, Gulfport to its west. The adjacent cities ar ...
, causing significant damage and at least 600 confirmed deaths while Mitch, the strongest storm of the season, was a very powerful and destructive late-season Category 5 hurricane that affected much of Central America before making landfall in Florida as a tropical storm. The significant amount of rainfall that Mitch produced across Central America caused significant damage and killed at least 11,000 people, making the system the second deadliest Atlantic hurricane in recorded history, behind only the Great Hurricane of 1780
The Great Hurricane of 1780 was the deadliest tropical cyclone in the Western Hemisphere. An estimated 22,000 people died throughout the Lesser Antilles when the storm passed through the islands from October 10 to October 16. Specifics on the h ...
.
Mitch, was later tied with 2007's Hurricane Dean
Hurricane Dean was the strongest tropical cyclone of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the most intense North Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Wilma of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, 2005 season, and is tied with Hurricane Mit ...
for the eighth-most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded.
Hurricanes Georges and Mitch caused $9.37 billion in damage and $6.08 billion (1998 USD
The United States dollar (symbol: $; currency code: USD) is the official currency of the United States and several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introduced the U.S. dollar at par with the Spanish silver dollar, divided it int ...
) in damage, respectively and the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season was at the time, the second-costliest season ever, after the 1992 season. However, it is now the eleventh costliest season as it was surpassed by the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was a record-breaking, devastating and deadly Atlantic hurricane season. It is the second-costliest hurricane season, just behind the 2017 season And 2024. It featured 28 tropical and subtropical storms, ...
.
Eastern and central Pacific Ocean
An average Pacific hurricane season features 15 tropical storms, 9 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes, and features an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) count of 132.
The season produced 13 named storms, slightly below the average of 15 named storms per season. However, the season total of nine hurricanes was one above the average, and the total of six major hurricanes surpassed the average of three. Activity during the season was hindered by the northward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ , or ICZ), known by sailors as the doldrums or the calms because of its monotonous windless weather, is the area where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge. It encircles Earth near the t ...
(ITCZ). The ITCZ, which is normally situated south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec
The Gulf of Tehuantepec () is a large body of water on the Pacific coast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, southeastern Mexico, at . Many (but not all) Pacific hurricanes form in or near this body of water. A strong, gale-force wind called the T ...
, shifted northward into Central and Southern Mexico, making the cyclone closer to cooler sea surface temperatures
Sea surface temperature (or ocean surface temperature) is the ocean temperature, temperature of ocean water close to the surface. The exact meaning of ''surface'' varies in the literature and in practice. It is usually between and below the sea ...
, hence limiting the number of storms that formed during the season. Although a semi-permanent anticyclone
A high-pressure area, high, or anticyclone, is an area near the surface of a planet where the atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure in the surrounding regions. Highs are middle-scale meteorological features that result from interpl ...
persisted through the summer of 1998, causing most of the storms to remain at sea, some storm did threaten the Baja California Peninsula due to a weakness in the anticyclone. Except for Hurricane Kay The name Kay has been used for seven tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, one in the Australian region and for in the South-West Indian Ocean.
In the Eastern Pacific:
* Hurricane Kay (1980) – Category 4 hurricane that tracked along an ...
, all of the storms of the season originated from tropical waves
A tropical wave (also called easterly wave, tropical easterly wave, and African easterly wave), in and around the Atlantic Ocean, is a type of atmospheric trough, an elongated area of relatively low air pressure, oriented north to south, which ...
.
Western Pacific Ocean
The average typhoon season lasts year-round, with the majority of the storms forming between May and October. An average Pacific typhoon season features 26 tropical storms, 16 typhoons, and 9 super typhoons (unofficial category). It also features an average Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) count of approximately 294; the basin is typically the most active basin for tropical cyclone formation.
During the 1998 Pacific typhoon season, a total of 28 tropical depressions developed across the western Pacific basin. Of those 28 depressions, a total of 18 strengthened into tropical storms of which 9 further intensified into typhoons. The first tropical cyclone
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
developed on May 28, marking the fourth latest start to any Pacific typhoon season on record, and the last one dissipated on December 22. The Philippine region also set a record: with only eleven storms forming or moving into its area of responsibility, PAGASA had its quietest season as of 2006. Overall inactivity was caused by an unusually strong La Niña
LA most frequently refers to Los Angeles, the second most populous city in the United States of America.
La, LA, or L.A. may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment Music
*La (musical note), or A, the sixth note
*"L.A.", a song by Elliott Smit ...
, which also fueled a hyperactive Atlantic hurricane season
The Atlantic hurricane season is the period in a year, from June 1 through November 30, when Tropical cyclone, tropical or subtropical cyclones are most likely to form in the North Atlantic Ocean. These dates, adopted by convention ...
that year.
North Indian Ocean
With eleven depressions and eight tropical cyclones, this was one of the most active seasons in the ocean along with 1987, 1996
1996 was designated as:
* International Year for the Eradication of Poverty
Events January
* January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ...
, and 2005
2005 was designated as the International Year for Sport and Physical Education and the International Year of Microcredit. The beginning of 2005 also marked the end of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples, Internationa ...
. The season caused a large loss of life, most of which was from one storm. Over 10,000 people were killed in India when Tropical Cyclone 03A brought a 4.9-metre (16 ft) storm surge to the Kathiawar Peninsula
Kathiawar (), also known as Saurashtra, is a peninsula in the south-western Gujarat state in India, bordering the Arabian Sea and covering about . It is bounded by the Kutch district in the north, the Gulf of Kutch in the northwest, and by the ...
, inundating numerous salt mines. Total damages from the storm amounted to Rs.
Rupee (, ) is the common name for the currencies of
India, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka, and of former currencies of Afghanistan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, the United Arab Emirates (as the Gulf rupee), British East Afri ...
120 billion (US$3 billion). Tropical Cyclone 01B killed at least 26 people and left at least 4,000 fishermen missing in eastern Bangladesh on May 20. A short lived depression in mid-October killed 122 people after triggering severe flooding in Andhra Pradesh. In November, Tropical Cyclone 06B killed six people and caused property damage worth BTN 880 million (US$20.7 million) in eastern India. An additional 40 people were killed and 100 fishermen were listed as missing after Tropical Cyclone 07B affected Bangladesh.
South-West Indian Ocean
January–June
The 1997–98 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was fairly quiet and had the latest start in 30 years. The first tropical disturbance originated on January 16, although the first named storm, Anacelle, was not upgraded until February 8, a record late start. The last storm to dissipate was an unusually late tropical depression in late July. Many of the storms suffered from the effects ofwind shear
Wind shear (; also written windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind shear is normally described as either vertical ...
, which contributed to there being only one tropical cyclone
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...
– equivalent to a minimal hurricane. The season also occurred during a powerful El Niño
EL, El or el may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Fictional entities
* El, a character from the manga series ''Shugo Chara!'' by Peach-Pit
* Eleven (''Stranger Things'') (El), a fictional character in the TV series ''Stranger Things''
* El, fami ...
.
Tropical Depression A1, the first of the season, moved throughout most of Mozambique
Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Afr ...
in January, causing landslides and flooding. One landslide affected Milange District
Milange District is a district of Zambezia Province in Mozambique. The town of Milange is the district center.
History
Milange District was one of the areas where the Revolutionary Party of Mozambique (PRM) operated during the Mozambican Civil ...
, where many houses were swept into a river. Landslides killed between 87 and 143 people in the country. In February, Cyclone Anacelle buffeted several islands with gusty winds after becoming the strongest storm of the season, reaching maximum sustained wind
The maximum sustained wind associated with a tropical cyclone is a common
indicator of the intensity of the storm. Within a mature tropical cyclone, it is found within the eyewall at a certain distance from the center, known as the radius of ma ...
s of . Although Anacelle was the first named storm of the season, another tropical depression preceded it that crossed Madagascar several times. The depression eventually became Tropical Storm Beltane, and lasted 17 days. Beltane caused flooding across Madagascar due to heavy rainfall, which killed one person and left locally heavy crop damage. There were several other disturbances in February, including Cindy Cindy may refer to:
People
*Cindy (given name), a list of people named Cindy, Cindi, Cyndi or Cyndy
*Tugiyati Cindy (born 1985), Indonesian footballer
*Cindy (singer), Japanese singer
Music
* ''Cindy'' (musical), an off-Broadway production in 1 ...
which dissipated 50 days after it originated, as well as a disturbance that brought heavy rainfall to Réunion
Réunion (; ; ; known as before 1848) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department and region of France. Part of the Mascarene Islands, it is located approximately east of the isl ...
and Mauritius
Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, about off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Ag ...
. The rest of the season was fairly quiet, mostly with short-lived tropical disturbances or storms.
July–December
The first system of the season proper originated out of an area of convection in early September in the northeast portion of the basin. On September 3, the MFR initiated advisories on Tropical Disturbance A1 about 1435 km (890 mi) east of Diego Garcia. The system tracked westward, and the JTWC issued aTropical Cyclone Formation Alert
A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) is a bulletin released by the U.S. Navy-operated Joint Typhoon Warning Center in Honolulu, Hawaii or the Fleet Weather Center in Norfolk, Virginia, warning of the possibility of a tropical cyclone formi ...
(TCFA) on September 4. Failing to intensify beyond winds of , the disturbance dissipated on September 6. Later in the month, Tropical Disturbance A2 formed in a similar region within the monsoon trough, with the MFR initiating advisories on September 29. Also on that day, the JTWC began issuing advisories on Tropical Cyclone 02S. That day, the JTWC upgraded the system to tropical storm status, although strong wind shear prevented intensification. The MFR quickly discontinued advisories, but the JTWC continued tracking it, again upgrading the system to tropical storm status on October 1. After the shear again increased, the storm weakened, dissipating on October 2.
In November, rapidly weakening Tropical Cyclone Alison moved from the Australian basin and dissipated immediately upon entering the south-west Indian Ocean on November 13. On December 4, short-lived Tropical Disturbance A3 was classified by MFR, subsequently drifting into the Australian region. Possibly related to the previous system, Tropical Cyclone Cathy moved from the Australian basin into the basin on December 28, quickly dissipating.
Australian Region
January–June
The 1997–98 Australian region cyclone season was a slightly below-average tropical cyclone season. Cyclone Katrina formed on January 1, which erratically moved around Australia in its lifetime. ''Tiffany'' andLes
LES or Les may refer to:
People
* Les (given name)
* Les (surname)
* L.E.S. (producer), hip hop producer
Space flight
* Launch Entry Suit, worn by Space Shuttle crews
* Launch escape system, for spacecraft emergencies
* Lincoln Experimental ...
also formed in January, affecting Western Australia
Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...
and Northern Territory
The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian internal territory in the central and central-northern regi ...
, with the latter causing 3 deaths. Cyclone Victor formed from a tropical low that was the remnant low of Cyclone Katrina, before renaming Cindy as it crossed to the South-West Indian Ocean basin. A tropical low also crossed to the same basin, which strengthened to Tropical Cyclone Elsie before weakening. Nathan also formed in March, peaking as a Category 2 cyclone before dissipating on March 26. The post-tropical cyclone that was former Yali in the South Pacific crossed the region before re-exiting the basin towards New Zealand. The last tropical low of the season dissipated on April 19 as it brought downpour to the Western Australia
Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...
.
July–December
On 7 October, a tropical low near theCocos (Keeling) Islands
The Cocos (Keeling) Islands (), officially the Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (; ), are an Australian external territory in the Indian Ocean, comprising a small archipelago approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka and rel ...
strengthened to Tropical Cyclone Zelia, while becoming the first storm of the season. It weakened due to wind shear and dissipated on 10 October. A month later, Alison developed over the open waters near Western Australia
Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...
, peaking as a severe tropical cyclone before passing near Cocos Islands, bringing gale-force winds before dissipating on 13 November, shortly before crossing to the South-West Indian Ocean basin. ''Billy'' and Thelma both affected Western Australia
Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...
and Northern Territory
The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian internal territory in the central and central-northern regi ...
both as severe tropical cyclones, with the latter causing a death, ten months after the cyclone's passage. A disturbance crossed to the basin, before degenerating afterwards. ''Cathy'' was believed to be the remnant low of the former disturbance. Peaking as a Category 2 cyclone, it exited the basin on 28 December before dissipating immediately. The last disturbance formed near Brisbane
Brisbane ( ; ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and largest city of the States and territories of Australia, state of Queensland and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia, with a ...
before dissipating on 2 January.
South Pacific Ocean
January–June
The 1997–98 season was one of the most active and longestSouth Pacific tropical cyclone season
A South Pacific tropical cyclone is a non- frontal, low pressure system that has developed, within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures and little vertical wind shear aloft in the South Pacific Ocean. Within the Southern Hemisphere there ...
s on record, with 16 tropical cyclones
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its ...
occurring within the South Pacific basin between 160°E and 120°W. The season was characterised by a very strong El Niño event, which caused the South Pacific convergence zone
The South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), a reverse-oriented monsoon trough, is a band of low-level convergence, cloudiness and precipitation extending from the Western Pacific Warm Pool at the maritime continent south-eastwards towards French Po ...
, to move from its usual position near the Solomon Islands to the Northern Cook Islands. As a result, ten tropical cyclones formed to the east of the International Date Line, with seven of these tropical cyclones going on to affect French Polynesia.
Severe Tropical Cyclones Ron and Susan were both the strongest tropical cyclones of the season and were thought to be the strongest tropical cyclones in the region since Severe Tropical Cyclone Hina of the 1984–85 season.
After the final warnings on Cyclone Tui were issued a weak circulation remained in the vicinity of Samoa for several days, before a westerly surge from the monsoon resulted in a tropical cyclone developing during February 1. However, due to uncertainties in the continuation of Tui after several other weak low-pressure areas had formed, the FMS decided to treat the cyclone as a separate system and named it Wes.
Tropical Cyclone Bart developed during the final days of the season and caused ten deaths and minor damage to French Polynesia, before it dissipated during May 3. The names Katrina, Martin, Nute, Osea, Ron, Susan, Tui, Ursula and Veli, were subsequently retired from the lists of names for the region.
July–December
The 1998–99 South Pacific cyclone season was a near-average South Pacific tropical cyclone season, with 8 tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific Ocean basin between 160°E and 120°W. Despite the season starting on November 1, the first tropical system of the season did not form until December 1, while the final disturbance of the season dissipated on May 27, 1999. During the season the most intense tropical cyclone was Severe Tropical Cyclone Cora, which had a minimum pressure of 930 hPa (27.46 inHg). After the season had ended the names Cora along with Dani in 1999 were retired from the naming lists, after they had caused significant impacts on South Pacific islands. The first, Tropical Disturbance 01F, developed about 540 km (340 mi) to the northwest of Apia in American Samoa, however, the system remained weak and was last noted later that day. On December 11, the JTWC started to monitor an area of disturbed weather that had developed within a trough of low pressure, about 670 km (415 mi) to the northeast of Honiara in the Solomon Islands. The depression turned to the south and accelerated as it began to lose tropical characteristics. It passed about 210 nmi west of Norfolk Island and had become extratropical about 400 nmi west-northwest of New Zealand's North Cape on December 17. 02F and Cora followed suit, with the latter affectingFiji
Fiji, officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which about ...
and Tonga
Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania. The country has 171 islands, of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in the southern Pacific Ocean. accordin ...
. On December 25, Tropical Disturbance 04F developed over the Coral Sea within an area of strong vertical wind shear in the Australian region. During that day 04F moved towards the southeast and entered the South Pacific basin, before dissipating on December 26.
Mediterranean Sea
A medicane was observed from 25 to 27 January.Systems
January
The month of January was relatively active, with 9 tropical cyclones forming, with 8 of them are being named.
February
Like the previous month, the month of February featured nine storms, of which four are respectively named.
March
The month of March featured 7 tropical cyclones forming, with 6 of them are being named.
April
6 systems formed in April, with 3 of them are respectively named.
May
The month of May was abnormally inactive, with none of the three tropical cyclones forming intensifying into named storms. Due to the inactivity, Cyclonic Storm BOB 01 was the most intense storm this month, with a minimum barometric pressure of 972 hPa, and a maximum 3-min sustained wind speed of 70 MPH.
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Global effects
There are a total of 9tropical cyclone basins
Traditionally, areas of tropical cyclone formation are divided into seven basins. These include the North Atlantic Ocean, the eastern and western parts of the North Pacific Ocean, the Southwest Pacific, the Southwest and Southeast Indian Oceans, ...
, 7 are seasonal and two are non-seasonal, thus all 8 basins except the Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern ...
are active. In this table, data from all these basins are added.
See also
*Tropical cyclones by year
The following is a list of tropical cyclones by year. Since the year 957, there have been at least 12,791 recorded tropical and subtropical cyclones in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, which are known as basins. Collectively, tropica ...
* List of earthquakes in 1998
This is a list of earthquakes in 1998. Only earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above are included, unless they result in damage or casualties, or are notable for some other reason. All dates are listed according to UTC time. Maximum intensities are ind ...
* Tornadoes of 1998
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1998, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear signif ...
Notes
2 Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 1998 are counted in the seasonal totals.3 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1998 are counted in the seasonal totals.
4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the
IMD Scale
Tropical cyclones are ranked on one of five tropical cyclone intensity scales, according to their maximum sustained winds and which tropical cyclone basins they are located in. Only a few classifications are used officially by the meteorologica ...
which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
5 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
6The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on
Météo-France
Météo-France is the official French meteorological administration, also offering services to Andorra and Monaco. It has the powers of the state and can exercise them in relation to meteorology. Météo-France is in charge of observing, study ...
which uses wind gusts.
References
External links
Regional Specialized Meteorological CentersUS National Hurricane Center
nbsp;– North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
Central Pacific Hurricane Center
nbsp;– Central Pacific
Japan Meteorological Agency
nbsp;– NW Pacific
India Meteorological Department
nbsp;–
Bay of Bengal
The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Geographically it is positioned between the Indian subcontinent and the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese peninsula, located below the Bengal region.
Many South Asian and Southe ...
and the Arabian Sea
The Arabian Sea () is a region of sea in the northern Indian Ocean, bounded on the west by the Arabian Peninsula, Gulf of Aden and Guardafui Channel, on the northwest by Gulf of Oman and Iran, on the north by Pakistan, on the east by India, and ...
Météo-France – La Reunion
nbsp;– South Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
Fiji Meteorological Service
nbsp;– South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers
Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia
nbsp;– South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 141°E, generally north of 10°S
Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane)
nbsp;– South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, generally south of 10°S
Papua New Guinea National Weather Service
nbsp;– South Pacific Ocean from 141°E to 160°E, generally north of 10°S
Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited
nbsp;– South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S {{Tropical cyclone season, 1998 * Tropical cyclones by year