''Troglocaris'' is a genus of

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term excludes seawater and brackish water, but it does include non-salty mi ...

shrimp A shrimp (: shrimp (American English, US) or shrimps (British English, UK)) is a crustacean with an elongated body and a primarily Aquatic locomotion, swimming mode of locomotion – typically Decapods belonging to the Caridea or Dendrobranchi ...

in the family

Atyidae Atyidae is a family of shrimp, present in all tropical and most temperate waters of the world. Adults of this family are almost always confined to fresh water Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water conta ...

. These

stygobitic Stygofauna are any fauna that live in groundwater systems or aquifers, such as caves, fissures and vugs. Stygofauna and troglofauna are the two types of subterranean fauna (based on life-history). Both are associated with subterranean environment ...

, whitish and eyeless shrimp are found in Southern Europe (

Dinaric Alps The Dinaric Alps (), also Dinarides, are a mountain range in Southern Europe, Southern and Southcentral Europe, separating the continental Balkan Peninsula from the Adriatic Sea. They stretch from Italy in the northwest through Slovenia, Croatia ...

and West

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...

). Although locally very common, the small ranges of the individual species make them highly vulnerable to habitat loss, for example by water extraction. Their underground habitat is often extremely stable; for example, the Vipavska jama cave in Slovenia is home to a population of ''T. anophthalmus'', and its water only varies from in the winter to in the summer. In some Dinaric caves, notably

Vjetrenica Vjetrenica ( sr-cyrl, Вјетреница, ; ) is the largest cave in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the most biodiverse cave in the world. It is part of the Dinaric Alps mountain range, which is known for its karstic and speleological features. ...

, as many as three species may occur together. These shrimp sometimes fall prey to

olm The olm () or proteus (''Proteus anguinus'') is an aquatic salamander which is the only species in the genus ''Proteus'' of the family Proteidae and the only exclusively cave-dwelling chordate species found in Europe; the family's other extant g ...

salamanders, but are able to survive injuries if the attack fails. The Dinaric ''Troglocaris'' are the main host of several species of

parasitic Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The ent ...

epizoic An epibiont (from the Ancient Greek meaning "living on top of") is an organism that lives on the surface of another living organism, called the basibiont ("living underneath"). The interaction between the two organisms is called epibiosis. An ep ...

flatworms of the family Scutariellidae (order

Temnocephalida The Temnocephalida are an order of turbellarian flatworms. Unlike most other turbellarians, all the species in this order are either commensal or parasitic. They can be found living on crustaceans, molluscs, and, in some species, even turtle ...

Species

''Troglocaris'' currently contains 15 described species, but there are also a number of

undescribed species In taxonomy, an undescribed taxon is a taxon (for example, a species) that has been discovered, but not yet formally described and named. The various Nomenclature Codes specify the requirements for a new taxon to be validly described and named. U ...

. '' Gallocaris inermis'', a stygobitic shrimp from southern France, was formerly included in ''Troglocaris''. ;Subgenus ''Troglocaris'' *'' Troglocaris anophthalmus'' (Kollar, 1848) *'' Troglocaris bosnica'' Sket & Zakšek, 2009 *'' Troglocaris planinensis'' Birštejn, 1948 ;Subgenus ''Xiphocaridinella'' *'' Troglocaris ablaskiri'' Birštejn, 1939 *'' Troglocaris birsteini'' Mugue, Zueva & Ershov, 2001 *'' Troglocaris fagei'' Birštejn, 1939 *'' Troglocaris jusbaschjani'' Birštejn, 1948 *'' Troglocaris kutaissiana'' (Sadovskij, 1930) *'' Troglocaris osterloffi'' Juzbaš'jan, 1940 *'' Troglocaris otapi'' Marin, 2018 ;Subgenus ''Troglocaridella'' *'' Troglocaris hercegovinensis'' (Babić, 1922) ;Subgenus ''Spelaeocaris'' *'' Troglocaris kapellana'' Sket & Zakšek, 2009 *'' Troglocaris neglecta'' Sket & Zakšek, 2009 *'' Troglocaris prasence'' Sket & Zakšek, 2009 *'' Troglocaris pretneri'' (Matjašič, 1956)

References

External links

* Atyidae Decapod genera Cave shrimp Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Caridea-stub

Species

See also

References

External links