''Trochus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of medium-to large-sized,

top Top most commonly refers to: * Top, a basic term of orientation, distinguished from bottom, front, back, and sides * Spinning top, a ubiquitous traditional toy * Top (clothing), clothing designed to be worn over the torso * Mountain top, a moun ...

-shaped

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s with an operculum, of the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Trochidae The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles ...

, the top snails.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Trochus Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138598 on 5 December 2012 When the word "trochus" or "Trochus" is used in reference to fishing sea snails for commercial purposes, the usual species targeted is ''

Tectus niloticus ''Rochia nilotica'', common name the commercial top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tegulidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Rochia nilotica (Linnaeus, 1767). Accessed through: World Register ...

'', which is valued for its

nacre Nacre ( , ), also known as mother-of-pearl, is an organicinorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer. It is also the material of which pearls are composed. It is strong, resilient, and iridescent. Nacre is ...

or mother of pearl layer, which was traditionally made into items such as pearl buttons and jewelry. ''Tectus niloticus'' is no longer classified as a ''Trochus'' species, and it is no longer classified in the family Trochidae; it is now placed in the family

Tegulidae Tegulidae is a family of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).Bouchet, P. (2013). Tegulidae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971. Acces ...

History

The name ''Trochus'', according to P. FischerP. Fischer. Monog. Genre Troque, in Kiener's Coquilles Vivantes, Paris, 1880. was used for the first time by Guillaume Rondelet, in 1558, who assembled under this title a rather miscellaneous assortment of univalves.

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

' genus ''Trochus'' is composed principally of true

, but it is now viewed as having contained species of several other very different families.

Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...

further restricted the group, by eliminating several genera; and in the 19th century the labors of

Gray Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...

, H. Adams and A. Adams and others, contributed towards a more systematic arrangement of the family.Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
/ref> Further revisions have narrowed down the number of species in this genus, and most names have become synonyms.

Shell description

Sea snails in the genus ''Trochus'' have large, thick, solid shells that have a broadly conical

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...

and a flat to convex base. The periphery is angulated. The outer and basal lips are smooth within. The

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisin ...

has a strong fold above, ending in an obtuse tooth below. The interior of the shell is

pearl A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle (mollusc), mantle) of a living Exoskeleton, shelled mollusk or another animal, such as fossil conulariids. Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pear ...

y and

iridescent Iridescence (also known as goniochromism) is the phenomenon of certain surfaces that appear gradually to change colour as the angle of view or the angle of illumination changes. Iridescence is caused by wave interference of light in microstruc ...

because of a thick layer of

(mother of pearl).

Species

Species within the genus ''Trochus'' include: * † '' Trochus antipodum'' Wilckens, 1922 * '' Trochus calcaratus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875 * '' Trochus californicus'' (A. Adams, 1853) * '' Trochus camelophorus'' Webster, 1906 * '' Trochus cariniferus'' Reeve, 1842 * '' Trochus chloromphalus'' (A. Adams, 1851) * '' Trochus concinnus'' Philippi, 1846 * '' Trochus cumingii'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Trochus elegantulus'' W. Wood, 1828 * '' Trochus erithreus'' Brocchi, 1821 * '' Trochus fastigiatus'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Trochus ferreirai'' Bozzetti, 1996 * '' Trochus firmus'' Philippi, 1849 * '' Trochus flammulatus'' Lamarck, 1822 * '' Trochus fultoni'' Melvill, 1898 * '' Trochus histrio'' Reeve, 1848 * '' Trochus intextus'' Kiener, 1850 * '' Trochus kochii'' Philippi, 1844 * '' Trochus kotschyi'' Philippi, 1849 * '' Trochus laciniatus'' Reeve, 1861 * '' Trochus maculatus''

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

* '' Trochus nigropunctatus'' Reeve, 1861 * '' Trochus noduliferus'' Lamarck, 1822 * '' Trochus obesus'' Reeve, 1861 * '' Trochus ochroleucus'' Gmelin, 1791 * '' Trochus radiatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * '' Trochus rota'' Dunker, 1860 * '' Trochus sacellum'' Philippi, 1855 * '' Trochus squarrosus'' Lamarck, 1822 * '' Trochus stellatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * † '' Trochus subanceps'' Sinzow, 1897 * '' Trochus subincarnatus'' P. Fisher, 1879 * '' Trochus submorum'' (Abrard, 1942) * '' Trochus tentorium'' Gmelin, 1791 * '' Trochus tubiferus'' Kiener, 1850 * '' Trochus venetus'' Reeve, 1862 * '' Trochus zhangi'' Dong, 2002

Synonyms

* ''Trochus abanteus'' Nardo, 1847: synonym of '' Jujubinus montagui'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus abrodiaetus'' Nardo, 1847: synonym of '' Gibbula adriatica'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus abyssorum'' E.A. Smith, 1891: synonym of '' Bathybembix abyssorum'' (E. A. Smith, 1891) * ''Trochus acinosus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of '' Coelotrochus viridis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus acuminatus'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Bembicium nanum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus acuminatus'' Perry, 1811: synonym of '' Cantharidus opalus'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Trochus acutangulus'' Philippi : synonym of '' Trochus maculatus''

* ''Trochus adansoni'' ic synonym of ''

Gibbula adansonii ''Steromphala adansonii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Steromphala adansonii (Payraudeau, 1826). Accessed through: World Register of Marine ...

'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus adansonii'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of ''

'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus adriaticus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Gibbula adriatica'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus adspersus'' Philippi, 1851: synonym of '' Calliostoma adspersum'' (Philippi, 1851) * ''Trochus aeglees'' Watson, 1879: synonym of '' Calliotropis aeglees'' (Watson, 1879) * ''Trochus aegyptius'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Rubritrochus declivis'' (Forskål, 1775) * ''Trochus agathensis'' Récluz, 1843: synonym of '' Gibbula umbilicalis'' ( da Costa, 1778) * ''Trochus agrestis'' Philippi, 1843: synonym of '' Calliostoma zizyphinum'' (

) * ''Trochus alabastrum'' Reeve, 1858: synonym of '' Euchelus alabastrum'' (Reeve, 1858) * ''Trochus alabastrum'' Lovén, 1846: synonym of '' Calliostoma occidentale'' (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842) * ''Trochus albidus'' Wood W., 1828: synonym of '' Calliostoma zizyphinum'' (

) * ''Trochus albidus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Gibbula albida'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus altus'' Reeve (non Philippi), 1862: synonym of '' Trochus maculatus''

* ''Trochus alveolatus'' Philippi, 1851: synonym of '' Gibbula spratti'' (Forbes, 1844) * ''Trochus amabilis'' Jeffreys, 1865: synonym of '' Solariella amabilis'' (Jeffreys, 1865) * ''Trochus americanus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Lithopoma americanum ''Lithopoma americanum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Distribution This marine snail occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and off the Lesser Anti ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus angulatus'' Tokunaga, 1906: synonym of '' Conotalopia ornata (''G. B. Sowerby III, 1903) * ''Trochus anomala'' d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of '' Vitrinella anomala'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) * ''Trochus ardens'' Salis Marschlins, 1793: synonym of '' Gibbula ardens'' (Salis Marschlins, 1793) * ''Trochus areola'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Heliacus (Heliacus) areola areola'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of '' Heliacus areola'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus argenteonitens'' Lischke, 1872: synonym of '' Ginebis argenteonitens'' (Lischke, 1872) * ''Trochus armillatus'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Astele armillata'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus articulatus'' (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of '' Phorcus articulatus'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus asper'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Euchelus asper'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus asteriscus'' Reeve, 1843: synonym of '' Astralium asteriscum'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Trochus atratus'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Osilinus atratus'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus attenuatus'' Jonas, 1844: synonym of '' Tosatrochus attenuatus'' (Jonas, 1844) * ''Trochus auratus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of '' Bembicium auratum'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Trochus aureus'' Jonas, 1844: synonym of '' Bellastraea aurea'' (Jonas, 1844) * ''Trochus baccatus'' G.B. Sowerby, 1889: synonym of '' Infundibulops cariniferus'' (Reeve, 1842) * ''Trochus basteroti'' Hoernes, 1848: synonym of '' Gibbula adriatica'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus baudoni'' Monterosato, 1891: synonym of '' Jujubinus baudoni'' (Monterosato, 1891) * ''Trochus belcheri'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Monilea belcheri'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus bellardii'' Issel, 1869: synonym of '' Ethalia bellardii'' (Issel, 1869) * ''Trochus biasoletti'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of '' Gibbula albida'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus bicanaliculatus'' Dunker in Philippi, 1844: synonym of ''

Diloma bicanaliculata ''Diloma bicanaliculatum'', common name the knobbed top shell, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Trochidae, the top snails. The size of the shell varies between 10 mm and 20 mm. Distribution Th ...

'' (Dunker in Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus bicarinatus'' Gray J.E., 1834: synonym of '' Gibbula magus'' (

) * ''Trochus bicolor'' Perry, G., 1811: synonym of '' Trochus radiatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus bicolor'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus bilabiatus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Danilia tinei'' (Calcara, 1839) * ''Trochus bornii'' Cantraine, 1835: synonym of '' Gibbula albida'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus brevispina'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Lithopoma brevispina'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus broderipi'' Philippi, 1855: synonym of '' Astele rubiginosa'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus brunneus'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Tegula brunnea'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus caelatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Lithopoma caelatum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus calcaratus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875: synonym of '' Infundibulum calcaratum'' (Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1874) * ''Trochus callicoccus'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Trochus maculatus''

* ''Trochus calliferus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Monilea callifera'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus callosus'' Koch in Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Ethalia sanguinea'' Pilsbry, 1905 * ''Trochus calyptraeformis'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Sigapatella calyptraeformis'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus canaliculatus'' Lamarck, 1818: synonym of '' Euchelus atratus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus cancellatus'' Jeffreys, 1883: synonym of '' Vetulonia paucivaricosa'' (Dautzenberg, 1889) * ''Trochus candei'' d'Orbigny, 1844: synonym of '' Gibbula candei'' (d'Orbigny, 1844) * ''Trochus capensis'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Gibbula capensis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus carinatus'' d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of '' Vitrinella carinata'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) * ''Trochus carmesinus'' Webster, 1908: synonym of '' Coelotrochus carmesinus'' (Webster, 1908) * ''Trochus charopus'' Watson, 1879: synonym of '' Solariella charopa'' (Watson, 1879) * ''Trochus chemnitzii'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Calliostoma zizyphinum'' (

) * ''Trochus chinensis'' Philippi, 1841: synonym of '' Stellaria chinensis'' (Philippi, 1841) * ''Trochus chrysolaemus'' Martens, 1880: synonym of '' Priotrochus goudoti'' (Fischer, 1878) * ''Trochus cicatricosus'' Philippi, 1843: synonym of '' Bembicium auratum'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Trochus cicer'' Menke, 1844: synonym of '' Gibbula cicer'' (Menke, 1844) * ''Trochus ciliaris'' Menke, 1843: synonym of '' Astele ciliaris'' (Menke, 1843) * ''Trochus cinctus'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of '' Solariella cincta'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus cinerarius''

: synonym of '' Gibbula cineraria'' (

) * ''Trochus cinerascens'' Anton, 1838: synonym of ''

Gibbula leucophaea ''Gibbula leucophaea'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 7 mm. Compared with '' Gibbula adansonii'', is the shell mo ...

'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus cinereus'' Blainville, 1826 non

: synonym of '' Gibbula umbilicalis'' ( da Costa, 1778) * ''Trochus cingulatus'' Grube, 1839: synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (

) * ''Trochus circulatus'' Anton, 1849: synonym of '' Euchelus circulatus'' (Anton, 1849) * ''Trochus clanguloides'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Clanculus clanguloides'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus clathratus'' Aradas, 1847: synonym of '' Putzeysia wiseri'' (Calcara, 1842) * ''Trochus clelandi'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Clelandella miliaris'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Trochus clodianus'' Nardo, 1847: synonym of '' Gibbula albida'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus colubrinus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of '' Phorcus sauciatus'' (Koch, 1845) * ''Trochus concameratus'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Diloma concamerata'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus concavus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Infundibulum concavum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus conchyliophorus'' Born, 1780: synonym of '' Xenophora conchyliophora'' (Born, 1780) * ''Trochus concinnus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Trochus tubiferus'' Kiener, 1850 * ''Trochus conicus'' Donovan, 1803: synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus conoidalis'' Pease, 1868: synonym of '' Peasiella conoidalis'' (Pease, 1868) * ''Trochus consors'' Lischke, 1872: synonym of '' Calliostoma consors'' (Lischke, 1872) * ''Trochus constellatus'' Souverbie, 1863: synonym of '' Diloma constellata'' Souverbie, 1863 * ''Trochus conuloides'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Calliostoma zizyphinum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus conulus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Calliostoma conulus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus cookii'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Cookia sulcata'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Trochus corallinus'' E.A. Smith, 1875: synonym of ''

Homalopoma amussitatum ''Homalopoma amussitatum'' is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Colloniidae.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Homalopoma amussitatum'' (Gould, 1861). Accessed through: World Register of Marine ...

'' (Gould, 1861) * ''Trochus corallinus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Clanculus corallinus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus corcyrensis'' Stossich, 1865: synonym of '' Phorcus articulatus'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus corrugata'' Koch, 1843: synonym of '' Monilea callifera'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus cossurensis'' Monterosato, 1875: synonym of '' Gibbula rarilineata'' (Michaud, 1829) * ''Trochus costalis'' Gould, 1841: synonym of '' Margarites costalis'' (Gould, 1841) * ''Trochus cranchi'' Leach, 1852: synonym of '' Calliostoma zizyphinum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus crassus'' (Pulteney, 1799): synonym of '' Osilinus lineatus'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Trochus creniferus'' Kiener: synonym of '' Trochus incrassatus'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Trochus crenulatus'' Brocchi, 1814: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus crispulus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Putzeysia wiseri'' (Calcara, 1842) * ''Trochus crispus'' König, 1825: synonym of '' Xenophora (Xenophora) crispa'' (König, 1825) * ''Trochus cruciatus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Clanculus cruciatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus cruentatus'' Mühlfeld, 1824: synonym of '' Arene cruentata'' (Mühlfeld, 1824) * ''Trochus cumingii'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Tectarius cumingii'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus cunninghami'' Gray, 1834: synonym of '' Calliostoma selectum'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Trochus cylindraceus'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of '' Heliacus cylindricus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus cylindricus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Heliacus cylindricus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus cyrnaeus'' Requien, 1848: synonym of '' Jujubinus montagui'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus dama'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Monodonta dama'' (Philippi, 1848) * ''Trochus dejacobi'' Aradas & Benoit, 1841: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus delicatulus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Coelotrochus tiaratus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Trochus delicatus'' Jeffreys, 1883: synonym of '' Margarites luciae'' (G. Seguenza, 1876) * ''Trochus delpretei'' Caramagna, 1888: synonym of '' Vaceuchelus delpretei'' (Caramagna, 1888) * ''Trochus dentatus'' Forskål in Niebuhr, 1775: synonym of '' Tectus (Tectus) dentatus'' (Forskål in Niebuhr, 1775) * ''Trochus depictus'' Deshayes, 1835: synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus depressus'' Martens, 1874: synonym of '' Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Trochus dianthus'' P. Fischer, 1879: synonym of '' Spectamen bellulum'' (Angas, 1869) * ''Trochus diaphanus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Calliostoma punctulatum'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Trochus diaphanus'' d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of '' Vitrinella diaphana'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) * ''Trochus dilectus'' Sowerby III, 1899: synonym of '' Pseudominolia articulata'' (Gould, 1861) * ''Trochus diminutivus'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of '' Peasiella tantilla'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Trochus discrepans'' Brown, 1818: synonym of '' Calliostoma zizyphinum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus divaricatus'' Fabricius, 1780: synonym of '' Lacuna vincta'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Trochus divaricatus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Gibbula divaricata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus dnopherus'' Watson, 1879: synonym of '' Margarites dnopherus'' (Watson, 1879) * ''Trochus dolabratus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Pyramidella dolabrata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus drepanensis'' Brugnone, 1873: synonym of '' Gibbula drepanensis'' (Brugnone, 1873) * ''Trochus dubius'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of ''Calliostoma conulum'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of '' Calliostoma conulus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus dumerili'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus elatus'' Brusina, 1865: synonym of '' Gibbula varia'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus electissimus'' Bean in Thorpe, 1844: synonym of '' Gibbula cineraria'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus elegans'' de Blainville, 1830: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus elegan''s Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Cantharidus purpureus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus elegantissimus'' Costa O.G., 1861: synonym of '' Mathilda cochlaeformis'' Brugnone, 1873 * ''Trochus elongatus'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Tosatrochus attenuatus'' (Jonas, 1844) * ''Trochus eltoniae'' Lowe, 1861: synonym of '' Gibbula cineraria'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus episcopus'' Hombron & Jacquinot, 1954: synonym of '' Cantharidus capillaceus'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus erithreus'' Brocchi, 1821: synonym of '' Infundibulops erithreus'' (Brocchi, 1821) * ''Trochus erythraeus'' Brocchi, 1821: synonym of '' Infundibulops erithreus'' (Brocchi, 1821) * ''Trochus erythreus'' ic synonym of '' Infundibulops erithreus'' (Brocchi, 1821) * ''Trochus erythroleucos'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus euryomphalus'' Jonas, 1844: synonym of '' Tegula euryomphala'' (Jonas, 1844) * ''Trochus eucosmus'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Trochus radiatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus euxinicus'' Andrzeiewsky, 1837: synonym of ''

'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus exasperatus'' Pennant, 1777: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus excavatus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Tegula excavata'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus exiguus'' Pulteney, 1799: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus exilis'' ''Philippi, 1844'': synonym of '' Dikoleps cutleriana'' (Clark, 1849) * ''Trochus fanuloides'' ''P. Fischer, 1874'': synonym of '' Rubritrochus pulcherrimus'' (A. Adams, 1855) * ''Trochus fanulum'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Gibbula fanulum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus fermoni'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Gibbula ardens'' (Salis Marschlins, 1793) * ''Trochus festivus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Trochus radiatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus fictilis'' Jonas, 1846: synonym of '' Trochus erithreus'' Brocchi, 1821 * ''Trochus filosus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Cantrainea peloritana'' (Cantraine, 1835) * ''Trochus flavus'' Anton in Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Calliostoma zizyphinum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus flosculus'' P. Fischer, 1878: synonym of '' Clanculus flosculus'' P. Fischer, 1880 * ''Trochus fonki'' Philippi, 1860: synonym of '' Calliostoma fonki'' (Philippi, 1860) * ''Trochus formosus'' McAndrew & Forbes, 1847: synonym of '' Calliostoma occidentale'' (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842) * ''Trochus forskali'' (Bolt.) Morch: synonym of '' Trochus noduliferus'' Lamarck, 1822 * ''Trochus fossulatulus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875: synonym of '' Hybochelus cancellatus'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Trochus fragilis'' Pulteney, 1799: synonym of '' Calliostoma granulatum'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus fragum'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Calliostoma fragum'' (Philippi, 1848) * ''Trochus fultoni'' G.B. Sowerby III, 1890: synonym of '' Cantharidus fultoni'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1890) * ''Trochus fulvolabris'' Hmobron & Jacquinot, 1854: synonym of '' Coelotrochus viridis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus fuscatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Gibbula umbilicaris'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus gemmatus'' Gould, 1845: synonym of '' Euchelus gemmatus'' (Gould, 1845) * ''Trochus gemmosus'' Reeve, 1842: synonym of '' Astele rubiginosa'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus gibberosus'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of '' Pomaulax gibberosus'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Trochus gibbosulus'' Brusina, 1865: synonym of '' Gibbula varia'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus gilberti'' Montrouzier in Fischer, 1878: synonym of '' Cantharidus polychroma'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''Trochus girgyllus'' Reeve, 1861: synonym of '' Bolma girgyllus'' (Reeve, 1861) * ''Trochus glabratus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Cantrainea peloritana'' (Cantraine, 1835) * ''Trochus gmelini'' Jonas, 1846: synonym of '' Trochus maculatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus goudoti'' (Fischer, 1878): synonym of '' Priotrochus goudoti'' (Fischer, 1878) * ''Trochus granatum'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Calliostoma tigris ''Maurea tigris'', the tiger maurea, tiger top shell or tiger topsnail, is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk, in the family (biology), family Calliostomatidae within the superfamily Trochoidea (superfamily), Troch ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus grandinatus'' Röding, P.F., 1798: synonym of '' Trochus maculatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus granosus'' Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de, 1818: synonym of '' Trochus maculatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus granosus'' Martyn, 1784: synonym of '' Turbo granosus'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Trochus granulatus'' Born, 1778: synonym of '' Calliostoma granulatum'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus gravesi'' Forbes, 1844: synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus gravinae'' Dautzenberg, 1881: synonym of '' Jujubinus gravinae'' (Dautzenberg, 1881) * ''Trochus grayanus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Gibbula magus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus groenlandicus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Margarites groenlandicus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus gualterianus'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Calliostoma gualterianum'' (Philippi, 1848) * ''Trochus gualtierii'' Weinkauff, 1868: synonym of '' Calliostoma gualterianum'' (Philippi, 1848) * ''Trochus guildfordiae'' Reeve, 1842: synonym of '' Guildfordia triumphans'' (Philippi, 1841) * ''Trochus guttadauri'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of '' Gibbula guttadauri'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus haematragus'' Menke, 1829: synonym of '' Astralium haematragum'' (Menke, 1829) * ''Trochus hanleyanus'' Krauss, 1848: synonym of '' Trochus nigropunctatus'' Reeve, 1861 * ''Trochus helicinus'' (Phipps, 1774): synonym of '' Margarites helicinus'' (Phipps, 1774) * ''Trochus heliotropium'' Martyn, 1784: synonym of '' Astraea heliotropium'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Trochus hornungi'' Bisacchi, 1931: synonym of '' Ethminolia hornungi'' (Bisacchi, 1931) * ''Trochus horridus'' Costa O.G., 1861: synonym of '' Danilia tinei'' (Calcara, 1839) * ''Trochus horridus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Euchelus horridus'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus hyacinthinus'' de Blainville, 1830: synonym of '' Calliostoma laugieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus hybridus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Philippia hybrida'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus imperialis'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Astraea heliotropium'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Trochus impervius'' Menke, 1843: synonym of '' Oxystele impervia'' (Menke, 1843) * ''Trochus incrassatus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Trochus stellatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus indicus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Onustus indicus ''Onustus indicus'' is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Xenophoridae, the carrier shells. Description Distribution ''Onustus indicus'' is distributed in the tropical Indian Ocean (excluding Arabian Sea), ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus inflatus'' Blainville, 1826: synonym of '' Gibbula cineraria'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus infundibuliformis'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Heliacus (Teretropoma) infundibuliformis infundibuliformis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus infundibulum'' Watson, 1879: synonym of '' Calliotropis infundibulum'' (Watson, 1879) * ''Trochus inornatus'' d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of '' Episcynia inornata'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) * ''Trochus instrictus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of '' Herpetopoma instrictum'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Trochus intermedius'' Monterosato, 1872: synonym of '' Phorcus mutabilis'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus interruptus'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Calliostoma interruptus'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus iridescens'' Schrenck, 1863: synonym of '' Lirularia iridescens'' (Schrenck, 1863) * ''Trochus iris'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Cantharidus iris'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus irisodontes'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of '' Phasianotrochus irisodontes'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Trochus irregularis'' Leach, 1852: synonym of '' Calliostoma zizyphinum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus japonicus'' (Dunker, 1845): synonym of '' Pomaulax japonicus'' (Dunker, 1845) * ''Trochus jonasi'' Philippi: synonym of '' Trochus maculatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus jujubinus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Calliostoma jujubinum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus kochii'' Kiener: synonym of '' Trochus erithreus'' Brocchi, 1821 * ''Trochus labio'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Monodonta labio'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus laceyi'' (G.B. Sowerby, 1889): synonym of '' Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Trochus laevigatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Gibbula varia'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus laevigatus'' Sowerby J., 1817: synonym of '' Calliostoma zizyphinum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus laevigatus'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of '' Calliostoma gualterianum'' (Philippi, 1848) * ''Trochus laevissimus'' Martens, 1881: synonym of '' Ilanga laevissima'' (Martens, 1881) * ''Trochus lamberti'' Souverbie, 1875: synonym of '' Vaceuchelus roseolus'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869) * ''Trochus laminarum'' Jeffreys, 1883: synonym of '' Margarites laminarum'' (Jeffreys, 1883) * ''Trochus lapistina'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Astralium latispina'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus largillierti'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Clanculus largillierti'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus latior'' Monterosato, 1880: synonym of '' Gibbula umbilicaris'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus laugieri'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Calliostoma laugieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus leachii'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Margarites costalis'' (Gould, 1841) * ''Trochus lehmanni'' Menke, 1843: synonym of '' Prothalotia lehmanni'' (Menke, 1843) * ''Trochus lentiginosus'' Fischer: synonym of '' Monilea lentiginosa'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''Trochus lepidus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Strigosella lepida'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus leucophaeus'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of ''

(''Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus lifuanus'' Fischer, 1878: synonym of '' Monilea lifuana'' (P. Fischer, 1878) * ''Trochus ligulatus'' Menke, 1850: synonym of '' Tegula ligulata'' (Menke, 1850) * ''Trochus lima'' Watson, 1879: synonym of '' Trochus rhina'' Watson, 1886 * ''Trochus lineatus'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of '' Gibbula cineraria'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus lineatus'' Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de, 1822: synonym of '' Astralium haematragum'' (Menke, 1829) * ''Trochus lineolatus'' O. G. Costa, 1830: synonym of '' Gibbula divaricata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus lineolatus'' Potiez & Michaud, 1838: synonym of '' Gibbula cineraria'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus lineolatus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Calliostoma zizyphinum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus listeri'' Kiener: synonym of '' Trochus kochii'' Philippi, 1844 * ''Trochus lithophorus'' Blumenbach, 1803: synonym of '' Xenophora conchyliophora'' (Born, 1780) * ''Trochus littoralis'' Brusina, 1865: synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus lucidus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''Calliostoma conulum'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of '' Calliostoma conulus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus luctuosus'' d'Orbigny, 1841: synonym of '' Tegula luctuosa'' (d'Orbigny, 1841) * ''Trochus lugubris'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Diloma aethiops'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus lunaris'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Limacina retroversa'' (Fleming, 1823) * ''Trochus luteus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of '' Bembicium melanostoma'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus lyciacus'' Forbes, 1844: synonym of '' Gibbula albida'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus lyonsii'' Leach, 1852: synonym of '' Calliostoma zizyphinum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus macandreae'' Carpenter, 1857: synonym of '' Calliostoma leanum'' (C. B. Adams, 1852) * ''Trochus maculatus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Calliostoma laugieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus maculatus verrucosus'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791: synonym of '' Trochus tubiferus'' Kiener, 1850 * ''Trochus magulus'' Deshayes, 1835: synonym of '' Gibbula albida'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus magus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Gibbula magus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus margaritarius'' (Philippi, 1846): synonym of '' Clanculus margaritarius'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus mariei'' Fischer, 1886: synonym of '' Pagodatrochus variabilis'' (H. Adams, 1873) * ''Trochus marmoreus'' Pease, 1868: synonym of '' Cantharidus marmoreus'' (Pease, 1868) * ''Trochus martini'' Smith J., 1839: synonym of '' Clelandella miliaris'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Trochus matoni'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus mauritianus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Tectus mauritianus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus mediterraneus'' Wood W., 1828: synonym of '' Clanculus cruciatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus melanostoma'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Bembicium melanostoma'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus merula'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of '' Oxystele merula'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Trochus metallicus'' Reeve, 1861: synonym of '' Trochus intextus'' Kiener, 1850 * ''Trochus meyeri'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Astele armillata'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus michaudi'' de Blainville, 1830: synonym of '' Gibbula philberti'' (Récluz, 1843) * ''Trochus miliaris'' Brocchi, 1814: synonym of '' Clelandella miliaris'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Trochus millegranus'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of '' Clelandella miliaris'' (Brocchi, 1814) * ''Trochus miniatus'' Anton, 1838: synonym of '' Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Trochus minimum'' Benoit, 1843: synonym of '' Homalopoma sanguineum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus minutulus'' Jeffreys, 1883: synonym of '' Lissotesta minima'' (Seguenza, 1876) * ''Trochus modestus'' Reeve, 1843: synonym of '' Bolma modesta'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Trochus modulus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Modulus modulus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus mongenii'' Monterosato, 1872: synonym of '' Phorcus mutabilis'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus montacuti'' Jeffreys, 1865: synonym of '' Jujubinus montagui'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus montagui'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Jujubinus montagui'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus multicolor'' Krauss, 1848: synonym of '' Gibbula multicolor'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Trochus multigranus'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Clanculus corallinus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus muricatus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Cenchritis muricatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus mutabilis'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Phorcus mutabilis'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus nabateus'' Issel, 1869: synonym of '' Priotrochus obscurus obscurus'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus nanus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Bembicium nanum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus nebulosus'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Gibbula umbilicaris'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus neritoides'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Monodonta neritoides'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus nigerrimus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Omphalius nigerrimus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus niloticus'' Linnaeus, 1767: synonym of ''

'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Trochus nobilis'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Astele rubiginosa'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus nucleus'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Rossiteria nucleus'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus obliquatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Gibbula umbilicalis'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Trochus obscurus'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Priotrochus obscurus'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus occidentalis'' Mighels & Adams, 1842: synonym of '' Calliostoma occidentale'' (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842) * ''Trochus ochotensis'' Philippi, 1851: synonym of '' Margarites ochotensis'' (Philippi, 1851) * ''Trochus ochraceus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Pomaulax gibberosus'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Trochus ochroleurcus'' ic synonym of '' Trochus ochroleucus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus olfersii'' Philippi, 1850: synonym of '' Lithopoma tectum'' ( ightfoot 1786) * ''Trochus olivaceus'' Anton, 1838: synonym of '' Gibbula adriatica'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus ornatus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Calliostoma ornatum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus ottoi'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Calliotropis ottoi'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus pagodus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Tectarius pagodus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus pallidus'' Hombron & Jacquinot, 1854: synonym of '' Cantharidus purpureus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus papillosum'' Da Costa, 1778: synonym of '' Calliostoma granulatum'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus papillosus'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of '' Calliostoma granulatum'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus parvulus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Jujubinus montagui'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus patagonicus'' d'Orbigny, 1835: synonym of '' Tegula patagonica'' (d'Orbigny, 1835) * ''Trochus patholatus'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of '' Gibbula tumida'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Trochus pauperculus'' Lischke, 1872: synonym of '' Herpetopoma pauperculum'' (Lischke, 1872) * ''Trochus pellucidus'' Valenciennes, 1846: synonym of '' Calliostoma pellucidum'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus pennanti'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Gibbula pennanti'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus perlatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''Modulus perlatus'' (Gmelin, 1791) represented as '' Modulus modulus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus perspectiviunculus'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of '' Heliacus variegatus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus perspectivus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of ''

Architectonica perspectiva ''Architectonica perspectiva'', whose common name is the clear or perspective sundial shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family Architectonicidae, which are known as the staircase shells or sundi ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus perversus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Monophorus perversus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus pharaonius'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Clanculus pharaonius'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus phasianellus'' (Deshayes, 1863): synonym of '' Calliotrochus marmoreus'' (Pease, 1861) * ''Trochus philberti'' Récluz, 1843: synonym of '' Gibbula philberti'' (Récluz, 1843) * ''Trochus philippensis'' R. B. Watson, 1881: synonym of '' Spectamen philippense'' (Watson, 1881) * ''Trochus philippii'' Aradas, 1847: synonym of '' Gibbula cineraria'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus pictus'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Thalotia conica'' (Gray, 1827) * ''Trochus pictus'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Gibbula spratti'' (Forbes, 1844) * ''Trochus pileus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Trochita pileus'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus piperinus'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Diloma piperina'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus planus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of '' Bembicium nanum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus polaris'' Philippi, 1846: synonym of '' Margarites costalis'' (Gould, 1841) * ''Trochus ponsonbyi'' G.B. Sowerby, 1888: synonym of '' Priotrochus obscurus ponsonbyi'' (G. B. Sowerby, 1888) * ''Trochus poupineli'' Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875: synonym of '' Calliostoma comptum'' A. Adams, 1855 * ''Trochus prodicta'' Fischer, 1879: synonym of '' Ethminolia probabilis'' Iredale, 1924 * ''Trochus profugus'' de Gregorio, 1889: synonym of '' Danilia tinei'' (Calcara, 1839) * ''Trochus pruninus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of '' Cantharidus capillaceus'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Trochus pulligo'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

Tegula pulligo ''Tegula pulligo'', common name the dusky tegula, is a species of medium-sized sea snail with gills and an operculum (gastropod), operculum, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tegulidae.Rosenberg, G. (2013). Tegula pulligo ( ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus punctulatus'' Martyn, 1784: synonym of '' Calliostoma punctulatum'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Trochus puniceus'' (Philippi, 1846): synonym of '' Clanculus puniceus'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus purpureus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Clanculus cruciatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * * ''Trochus pustulosus'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of ''Trochus calcaratus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875 * ''Trochus pyramidatus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus quadricarinatus'' Holten, 1802: synonym of '' Euchelus asper'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus quadricostatus'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Tegula quadricostata'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus racketti'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Gibbula racketti'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus radians'' Lamarck, 1816: synonym of '' Trochita trochiformis'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus radiatus'' Anton, 1838: synonym of '' Phorcus richardi'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus rarilineatus'' Michaud, 1829: synonym of '' Gibbula rarilineata'' (Michaud, 1829) * ''Trochus reinierius'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus rhina'' Watson, 1886: synonym of '' Calliotropis rhina'' (Watson, 1886) * ''Trochus rhodostomus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Astralium rhodostomum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus rhysus'' Watson, 1879: synonym of '' Calliotropis rhysa'' (Watson, 1879) * ''Trochus richardi'' (Payraudeau, 1826): synonym of '' Phorcus richardi'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus rigatus'' Philippi, 1849: synonym of '' Monilea callifera'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus roissyi'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of '' Gibbula varia'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus roseolus'' G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869: synonym of '' Vaceuchelus roseolus'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869) * ''Trochus roseus'' Salis Marschlins, 1793: synonym of '' Clanculus corallinus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus rostratus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Cantharidus purpureus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus rotellina'' Gould, 1849: synonym of '' Camitia rotellina'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Trochus rotularius'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Astralium rotularium'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus rubiginosus'' Valenciennes, 1846: synonym of '' Astele rubiginosa'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus rugulosus'' Koch, 1848: synonym of '' Trochus maculatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus ruscurianus'' Weinkauff, 1868: synonym of '' Jujubinus ruscurianus'' (Weinkauff, 1868) * ''Trochus rusticus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Omphalius rusticus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus sacellus'' Philippi, R.A., 1854: synonym of '' Trochus calcaratus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875 * ''Trochus sagittiferus'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of '' Phorcus sauciatus'' (Koch, 1845) * ''Trochus sandwichiensis'' Souleyet, F.L.A., 1852: synonym of '' Trochus intextus'' Kiener, L.C., 1850 * ''Trochus sarniensis'' Norman, 1888: synonym of '' Gibbula umbilicalis'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Trochus sauciatus'' Koch, 1845: synonym of '' Phorcus sauciatus'' (Koch, 1845) * ''Trochus saulcyi'' d'Orbigny, 1840: synonym of '' Phorcus sauciatus'' (Koch, 1845) * ''Trochus scaber'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Euchelus scaber'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus scabrosus'' Philippi, 1850: synonym of '' Clanculus scabrosus'' (Philippi, 1850) * ''Trochus scabrosus'' Jeffreys, 1883: synonym of '' Putzeysia wiseri'' (Calcara, 1842) * ''Trochus schantaricus'' Middendorff, 1849: synonym of '' Margarites schantaricus'' (Middendorff, 1849) * ''Trochus scrobiculatus'' Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1866: synonym of '' Vaceuchelus clathratus'' (A. Adams, 1853) * ''Trochus scrobiculatus'' Souverbie, 1886: synonym of '' Vaceuchelus scrobiculatus'' (Souverbie, 1866) * ''Trochus selectus'' Dillwyn, 1817: synonym of '' Calliostoma selectum'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Trochus semicostatus'' Kiener, 1850: synonym of '' Astralium semicostatum'' (Kiener, 1850) * ''Trochus semiglobosus'' Aradas, 1847: synonym of '' Gibbula pennanti'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Trochus semistriatus'' d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of '' Teinostoma semistriatum'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) * ''Trochus seriatus'' Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1824: synonym of '' Monophorus perversus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus seriopunctatus'' de Blainville, 1830: synonym of '' Calliostoma laugieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus shinagawaensis'' Tokunaga, 1906: synonym of '' Calliostoma shinagawaense'' (Tokunaga, 1906) * ''Trochus signatus'' Jonas, 1844: synonym of '' Priotrochus obscurus obscurus'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus sinensis'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Oxystele sinensis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus sismondae'' Issel, 1869: synonym of '' Peasiella isseli'' (Semper in Issel, 1869) * ''Trochus smaragdinus'' Monterosato, 1880: synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus smaragdus'' Reeve, 1862: synonym of '' Trochus maculatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus smithi'' Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Monilea smithi'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus socius'' Fischer P., 1895: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus solaris'' Linnaeus, 1764: synonym of '' Stellaria solaris'' (Linnaeus, 1764) * ''Trochus solaris'' Brocchi, 1814: synonym of '' Bolma rugosa'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Trochus solidus'' Jonas: synonym of '' Trochus firmus'' Philippi, 1849 * ''Trochus splendidus'' Philippi, 1855: synonym of '' Astele rubiginosa'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus spongiarum'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1885: synonym of '' Calliostoma laugieri'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Trochus spratti'' Forbes, 1844: synonym of '' Gibbula spratti'' (Forbes, 1844) * ''Trochus spurcus'' Gould, 1856: synonym of '' Gibbula spurca'' (Gould, 1856) * ''Trochus squamiferus'' Koch, 1844: synonym of '' Bellastraea squamifera'' (Koch, 1844) * ''Trochus stellaris'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Trochus stellatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus stenomphalus'' G. B. Sowerby III, 1890: synonym of ''Jujubinus suarezensis fultoni'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1890) † * ''Trochus stramineus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Heliacus (Grandeliacus) stramineus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus striatulus'' Garrett, 1857: synonym of '' Calliotrochus marmoreus'' (Pease, 1861) * ''Trochus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of '' Jujubinus striatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus strigosus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Gibbula cineraria'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus suavis'' Philippi, 1850: synonym of '' Pictodiloma suavis'' (Philippi, 1850) * ''Trochus subcarinatus'' (Swainson, 1855): synonym of '' Astele subcarinata'' Swainson, 1855 * ''Trochus subviridis'' Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Trochus nigropunctatus'' Reeve, 1861 * ''Trochus succinctus'' Monterosato, 1880: synonym of '' Gibbula ardens'' (Salis Marschlins, 1793) * ''Trochus sulcatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Cookia sulcata'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Trochus sulcatus'' Martyn, 1784: synonym of '' Cookia sulcata'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Trochus surgillatus'' Reeve, 1861: synonym of '' Trochus radiatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus suturalis'' Philippi, 1836: synonym of ''

Callumbonella suturalis ''Callumbonella suturalis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 13 mm and 32 mm. The oblique, umbilicate shell has a depresse ...

'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus tampaensis'' Conrad, 1846: synonym of '' Calliostoma tampaense'' (Conrad, 1846) * ''Trochus tamsii'' Dunker in Philippi, 1845: synonym of '' Phorcus atratus'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus tantillus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of '' Peasiella tantilla'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Trochus tectum'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Modulus tectum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus tectumchinense'' Noodt, 1819: synonym of Pomaulax gibberosus (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Trochus tectus'' Lightfoot, 1786: synonym of '' Lithopoma tectum'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Trochus tenebricus'' Reeve, 1861: synonym of '' Trochus intextus'' Kiener, 1850 * ''Trochus tentoriiformis'' Jonas, 1845: synonym of '' Astralium tentoriiforme'' (Jonas, 1845) * ''Trochus tentorium'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Tectus tentorium'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus tenuis'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Calliostoma granulatum'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus tessulatus'' Born, 1778: synonym of '' Phorcus turbinatus'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus tetragonostoma'' Jordan, 1895: synonym of ''

'' (Philippi, 1836) * ''Trochus textilis'' Reeve, 1861: synonym of '' Trochus nigropunctatus'' Reeve, 1861 * ''Trochus texturatus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of '' Cantharidus purpureus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus tiaratus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of '' Coelotrochus tiaratus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Trochus tiberianus'' Crosse, 1863: synonym of '' Cantharidella tiberiana'' (Crosse, 1863) * ''Trochus tigrinus'' Anton, 1838: synonym of '' Oxystele tigrina'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Trochus tigris'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of ''

'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus tornatus'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Calliostoma tornatum'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Trochus torosus'' Kiener, 1850: synonym of '' Cantharidus purpureus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus torquatus'' Anton in Philippi, 1848: synonym of '' Calliostoma pellucidum'' (Valenciennes, 1846) * ''Trochus tranquebaricus'' Röding, 1798: synonym of '' Calliostoma tranquebaricum'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Trochus tricarinatus'' Lamarck, 1818: synonym of '' Euchelus asper'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus tricolor'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus trisulcatus'' Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775: synonym of ''

Terebralia palustris ''Terebralia palustris'', common name, commonly known as the giant mangrove whelk, is a species of brackish-water snail, a mollusk in the family Potamididae. This tropical species which inhabits mangrove environments of the Indo-West Pacific reg ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1767) * ''Trochus triumphans'' Philippi, 1841: synonym of '' Guildfordia triumphans'' (Philippi, 1841) * ''Trochus tuber'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Lithopoma tuber'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus tuberculatus'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of '' Gibbula magus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus tuberculatus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Gibbula fanulum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus tuberculosus'' d'Orbigny, 1842: synonym of '' Parviturbo tuberculosus'' (d'Orbigny, 1842) * ''Trochus tubifer'' ic synonym of '' Trochus tubiferus'' Kiener, 1850 * ''Trochus tumidulus'' Nardo, 1847: synonym of '' Jujubinus montagui'' (Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus tumidulus'' Aradas, 1846: synonym of '' Jujubinus tumidulus'' (Aradas, 1846) * ''Trochus tumidus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Gibbula tumida'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Trochus turbiformis'' Salis Marschlins, 1793: synonym of '' Phorcus articulatus'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Trochus turbinatus'' Born, 1778: synonym of '' Osilinus turbinatus'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus turbinoides'' Deshayes, 1835: synonym of '' Gibbula turbinoides'' (Deshayes, 1835) * ''Trochus umbilicalis'' da Costa, 1778: synonym of '' Gibbula umbilicalis'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Trochus umbilicaris'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Gibbula umbilicaris'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus umbilicatus'' Montagu, 1803: synonym of '' Gibbula umbilicalis'' (da Costa, 1778) * ''Trochus undosus'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of ''

Megastraea undosa ''Megastraea undosa'', common name the wavy turban snail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. This species is native to the coast of California. Distribution This species occurs i ...

'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus undulatus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Gibbula fanulum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus unguis'' W. Wood, 1828: synonym of '' Uvanilla unguis'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Trochus unicus'' Dunker, 1860: synonym of '' Calliostoma unicum'' (Dunker, 1860) * ''Trochus unidentatus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Jujubinus unidentatus'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus vaillanti'' P. Fisher, 1882: synonym of '' Solariella vaillanti'' (P. Fischer, 1882) * ''Trochus varians'' O. G. Costa, 1830: synonym of '' Gibbula divaricata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus varians'' Deshayes, 1835: synonym of '' Gibbula adriatica'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus variegatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Heliacus (Heliacus) variegatus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus varius'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Gibbula varia'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus venosus'' Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1816: synonym of '' Jujubinus unidentatus'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Trochus vernus'' Gmelin, J.F., 1791: synonym of '' Trochus maculatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus verrucosus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Trochus maculatus'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Trochus vestiarius'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Umbonium vestiarium'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus vieillioti'' (Payraudeau, 1826): synonym of '' Clanculus cruciatus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus villicus'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of '' Gibbula philberti'' (Récluz, 1843) * ''Trochus violaceus'' Risso, 1826: synonym of ''Calliostoma conulum'' (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of '' Calliostoma conulus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus virgatus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Tectus virgatus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus viridis'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Coelotrochus viridis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus viridulus'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Tegula viridula'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus vividus'' Reeve, 1861 : synonym of '' Trochus radiatus'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Trochus vulgaris'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Jujubinus exasperatus'' (Pennant, 1777) * ''Trochus wilsi'' Pickery, 1989: synonym of '' Trochus cariniferus'' Reeve, 1842 * ''Trochus wiseri'' Calcara, 1842: synonym of '' Putzeysia wiseri'' (Calcara, 1842) * ''Trochus yokohamensis'' Bock, 1878: synonym of '' Kanekotrochus infuscatus'' (Gould, 1861) * ''Trochus zelandicus'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of '' Diloma zelandica'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Trochus ziczac'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Echinolittorina ziczac'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Trochus zizyphinus'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Calliostoma zizyphinum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Trochus zonatus'' Jeffreys, 1856: synonym of '' Phorcus turbinatus'' (Born, 1778) * ''Trochus (Collonia) verruca'' Gould, 1845: synonym of '' Collonista verruca'' (Gould, 1845) ;The following species are nomina dubia (names of unknown or doubtful application): * ''Trochus bicinctus'' Philippi, 1849 * ''Trochus quadricinctus'' Mühlfeld, 1824 ;Species inquirenda: * ''Trochus artensis'' P. Fischer, 1878 * ''Trochus fabrei'' Montrouzier in Fischer, 1878 * ''Trochus incarnatus'' Philippi, 1846 * ''Trochus pulchellus'' Philippi, 1846 * ''Trochus reevei'' Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1866 * ''Trochus rhodomphalus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875 * ''Trochus saga'' Philippi, 1846 * ''Trochus scrobiculatus'' Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1866 * ''Trochus sublaevis'' Geinitz, 1842 * ''Trochus subviridis'' Philippi, 1848

References

* A. Adams, ''Contributions toward a Monograph of the Trochidae'', in Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851, pp. 150–192. * R- A. Philippi, ''Monograph of Trochus'' in Syst. Conchylien Cabinet, ed. 2 (1846 to about 1856). * Lovell Reeve, In Conchologia Iconica vol. xiii. (1861) (a very incomplete work) * Herbert G.G. (1993). ''Revision of the Trochinae, tribe Trochini (Gastropoda: Trochidae) of southern Africa''. Annals of the natal Museum 34(2):239-308. * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

History

Shell description

Species

Synonyms

References

Further reading