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Minimisation or minimization is an action where an individual intentionally downplays a situation or a thing. Minimisation, or downplaying the significance of an event or emotion, is a common strategy in dealing with feelings of guilt (emotion), guilt.


Understatements

Understatement is a form of speech which contains an expression of less strength than what would be expected. A related term is euphemism, where a polite phrase is used in place of a harsher or more offensive expression.


Self-esteem/depression

Redefining events to downplay their significance can be an effective way of preserving one's self-esteem. One of the problems of Depression (mood), depression (found in those with Major depressive disorder, clinical, Bipolar disorder, bipolar, and Dysthymia, chronic depressive mood disorders, as well as cyclothymia) is the tendency to do the reverse: minimising the positive, discounting praise, and dismissing one's own accomplishments. On the other hand, one technique used by Alfred Adler to combat neurosis was to minimise the excessive significance the neurotic attaches to his own symptoms—the Narcissism, narcissistic gains derived from pride in one's own illness.


Social minimisation

Display rules expressing a group's general consensus about the display of feeling often involve minimising the amount of emotion one displays, as with a blank expression, poker face. Social interchanges involving minor infringements often end with the 'victim' minimising the offence with a comment like 'Think nothing of it', using so-called 'reduction words', such as 'no big deal,' 'only a little,' 'merely,' or 'just', the latter particularly useful in denying intent. On a wider scale, renaming things in a more benign or neutral form—'collateral damage' for death—is a form of minimisation.


As a form of manipulation

Minimisation may also take the form of a Psychological manipulation, manipulative technique: * observed in abusers and manipulators to downplay their misdemeanors when confronted with irrefutable facts.Simon, George K. ''In Sheep's Clothing: Understanding and Dealing with Manipulative People'' (1996)Minimization: Trivializing Behavior as a Manipulation Tactic
/ref> * observed in abusers and manipulators to downplay positive attributes (talents and skills etc.) of their victims. Typical psychological defences exhibited by stalker (stalking), stalkers and guilty criminal suspects include denial, Rationalization (making excuses), rationalisation, minimisation and Psychological projection, projection of blame onto the victim.Abby Stein, ''Prologue to Violence'' (2006) p. 6 A variation on minimisation as a manipulative technique is ''"claiming altruism, altruistic motives"'' such as saying "I don't do this because I am selfish, and for gain, but because I am a socially aware person interested in the common good".Kantor, Martin ''The Psychopathy of Everyday Life'' 2006


School bullying

School bullying is one form of victimisation or physical abuse which has sometimes been unofficially encouraged, ritualised or even minimised as a sort of prank by teachers or peers. The main difference between pranks and bullying is establishment of Power (social and political), power inequity between the bully and the victim that lasts beyond the duration of the act.


See also


References


Further reading

* Henning, K & Holdford,
Minimization, Denial, and Victim Blaming by Batterers
Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol. 33, No. 1, 110–130 (2006) * Rogers, Richard & Dickey, Rob (March 1991) Denial and minimization among sex offenders ''Journal Sexual Abuse'' Vol 4, No 1: 49–63 * Scott
Denial, Minimization, Partner Blaming, and Intimate Aggression in Dating Partners
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 22, No. 7, 851–871 (2007) {{DEFAULTSORT:Minimisation (Psychology) Defence mechanisms Cognitive biases Error Public relations techniques