''Trivia'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of small
sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s,
marine gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusc
Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...
s in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Triviidae
Triviidae is a taxonomic family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cypraeoidea of the order Littorinimorpha. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Triviidae Troschel, 1863. Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...
, the trivias.
[Gofas, S. (2010). Trivia. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138582 on 2010-11-04]
These are known in Britain as "cowries". The shell of these species does superficially resemble the shell of a very small
cowry
Cowrie or cowry () is the common name for a group of small to large sea snails in the family Cypraeidae.
Cowrie shells have held cultural, economic, and ornamental significance in various cultures. The cowrie was the shell most widely used wo ...
, but ''Trivia'' species are not very closely related to true cowries.
Species
The genus ''Trivia'' has recently been split into many genera, including ''Cleotrivia'', ''Niveria'', ''Pusula'', ''Triviella'', ''Trivirostra'' etc., but this information is not yet shown completely in the species list below. There is currently no consensus about definition of the genera backed by a reliable phylogenetic scheme, for which reason all European species in the ERMS context are maintained under genus ''Trivia'', around the type species ''Trivia arctica''.
Species within the genus ''Trivia'' include, according to the
World Register of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive catalogue and list of names of marine organisms.
Content
The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scien ...
(WoRMS)
* ''
Trivia arctica''
( Pulteney, 1799) – unspotted cowrie, northern cowrie, in
Scotland
Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...
a "groatie-buckie"
* ''
Trivia candidula''
Gaskoin, 1836 – little white trivia,
* †''
Trivia coccinelloides
Trivia is information and data that are considered to be of little value.
Modern usage of the term ''trivia'' dates to the 1960s, when college students introduced question-and-answer contests to their universities. A board game, ''Trivial Purs ...
''
(J. de C. Sowerby I, 1822)
* ''
Trivia cylindrica''
Dolin, 2001
* ''
Trivia dakarensis''
Schilder, 1967
* ''
Trivia grohorum''
(Fehse & Grego, 2008)
* ''
Trivia leditae''
Rios, 2009
*''
Trivia levantina''
(Smriglio, Mariottini & Buzzurro, 1998)
* ''
Trivia mediterranea''
( Risso, 1826)
* † ''
Trivia merlini''
Fehse & Van de Haar, 2015
*''
Trivia monacha''
( da Costa, 1778) – spotted cowrie
* ''
Trivia multilirata''
( Sowerby, 1870)
* ''
Trivia napolina''
( Kiener, 1843)
* † ''
Trivia parvula''
Schilder, 1933
*
†
A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species or languages). It is one of the mo ...
''
Trivia pinguior''
Marwick, 1926
* ''
Trivia spongicola''
( Monterosato, 1923)
* † ''
Trivia testudinella''
S.V. Wood, 1842 †
;Species named in other databases:
* ''
Trivia californiana''
(Gray
Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
, 1827) – California trivia
* ''
Trivia sanguinea''
(Sowerby, 1832)
* ''
Trivia solandri''
(Sowerby, 1832) – Solander's trivia
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Trivia abyssicola''
Schepman, 1909: synonym of ''
Trivellona abyssicola''
( Schepman, 1909)
* ''Trivia acuminata''
Schilder, 1932: synonym of ''Trivia monacha''
( da Costa, 1778)
* ''Trivia acutisulcata''
Kenyon, 1900: synonym of ''
Cleotrivia globosa''
(Gray
Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
in G. B. Sowerby II, 1832)
* ''Trivia affinis''
Marrat, 1867: synonym of ''
Purpurcapsula corinneae''
(Shaw, 1909)
* ''Trivia antillarum''
Schilder, 1922 – Antilles trivia: synonym of ''
Cleotrivia antillarum''
( Schilder, 1922)
* ''Trivia aperta''
( Swainson, 1822): synonym of ''
Triviella aperta''
( Swainson, 1822)
* ''Trivia atomaria''
Dall, 1902: synonym of ''
Cleotrivia atomaria''
( Dall, 1902)
* ''Trivia bipunctata''
Odhner, 1917: synonym of ''
Ellatrivia bipunctata''
( Odhner, 1917)
* ''Trivia bitou''
Pallary, 1912: synonym of ''Trivia candidula''
(Gaskoin, 1836)
* ''Trivia caelatura''
Hedley, 1918: synonym of ''
Ellatrivia caelatura''
(Hedley, 1918)
* ''Trivia calvariola''
Kilburn, 1980: synonym of ''
Triviella calvariola''
(Kilburn, 1980)
*
†
A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species or languages). It is one of the mo ...
''Trivia canariensis''
Rothpletz & Simonelli, 1890: synonym of
†
A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species or languages). It is one of the mo ...
''
Pseudopusula canariensis''
(Rothpletz & Simonelli, 1890)
* ''Trivia corinneae''
Shaw, 1909: synonym of ''
Purpurcapsula corinneae''
(Shaw, 1909)
* ''Trivia corrugata''
Pease, 1868: synonym of ''
Trivirostra corrugata''
( Pease, 1868)
* ''Trivia cosmoi''
Dautzenberg, 1921: synonym of ''
Cleotrivia globosa''
(Gray
Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
in G. B. Sowerby II, 1832)
* ''Trivia costata''
(Gmelin Gmelin may refer to:
* Karl Christian Gmelin, Carl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist, author of ''Flora Badensis, Alsatica et confinium regionum cis- et transrhenania'' (1806)
* Charles Gmelin (1872–1950), British Olympic athlete
* ...
, 1791): synonym of ''
Triviella costata''
(Gmelin Gmelin may refer to:
* Karl Christian Gmelin, Carl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist, author of ''Flora Badensis, Alsatica et confinium regionum cis- et transrhenania'' (1806)
* Charles Gmelin (1872–1950), British Olympic athlete
* ...
, 1791)
* ''Trivia dalmatica''
Coen, 1937: synonym of ''Trivia multilirata''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1870)
* ''Trivia dartevellei''
Knudsen, 1955: synonym of ''
Pseudopusula depauperata''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
* ''Trivia debruini''
Lorenz, 1994: synonym of ''
Triviella goslineri''
(Liltved & Millard, 1994)
* ''Trivia desirabilis''
Iredale, 1912: synonym of ''
Semitrivia desirabilis''
(Iredale, 1912)
* ''Trivia dorsolevigata''
Schilder, 1932: synonym of ''Trivia arctica''
(Pulteney, 1799)
* ''Trivia edgari''
Shaw, 1909: synonym of ''
Trivirostra edgari''
(Shaw, 1909)
* ''Trivia elsiae''
Howard & Sphon, 1960: synonym of ''
Pusula elsiae''
(Howard & Sphon, 1960)
* ''Trivia eos''
Roberts, 1913: synonym of ''
Trivellona eos''
(Roberts, 1913)
* ''Trivia eratoides''
Liltved, 1986: synonym of ''
Trivellona eratoides''
(Liltved, 1986)
* ''Trivia europaea''
(Montagu, 1808): synonym of ''Trivia monacha''
( da Costa, 1778)
* ''Trivia exigua''
(Gray
Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
, 1832): synonym of ''
Trivirostra exigua''
(Gray
Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
, 1831)
* ''Trivia flora''
Marwick, 1928: synonym of ''Trivia zealandica'' Kirk, 1882: synonym of
†
A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species or languages). It is one of the mo ...
''
Ellatrivia zealandica''
(Kirk, 1882)
* ''Trivia gaskoini''
Roberts, 1870: synonym of ''
Trivirostra scabriuscula''
(Gray
Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
, 1827)
* ''Trivia globosa''
(Sowerby II, 1832): synonym of ''
Cleotrivia globosa''
(Gray
Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
in G.B. Sowerby II, 1832)
* ''Trivia globulosa''
Locard & Caziot, 1900: synonym of ''Trivia arctica''
(Pulteney, 1799)
* ''Trivia goslineri''
Liltved & Millard, 1994: synonym of ''
Triviella goslineri''
(Liltved & Millard, 1994)
* ''Trivia hallucinata''
Liltved, 1984: synonym of ''
Semitrivia hallucinata''
(Liltved, 1984)
* ''Trivia hispania''
Cate, 1979: synonym of ''Trivia arctica''
(Pulteney, 1799)
* ''Trivia hordacea''
(Keiner, 1843): synonym of ''
Trivirostra hordacea''
(Kiener, 1843)
* ''Trivia hybrida''
Schilder, 1931: synonym of ''
Pusula hybrida''
( Schilder, 1931)
*'' Trivia insecta''
( Mighels, 1845): synonym of ''
Trivirostra hordacea''
(Kiener, 1844)
* ''Trivia jousseaumei''
Locard, 1886: synonym of ''
Trivia monacha''
( da Costa, 1778)
* ''Trivia khanya''
Liltved, 1986: synonym of ''
Triviella khanya''
(Liltved, 1986)
* ''Trivia lemaitrei''
Liltved, 1986: synonym of ''
Triviella lemaitrei''
(Liltved, 1986)
* ''Trivia leucosphaera''
Schilder, 1931 – little white trivia: synonym of ''
Dolichupis leucosphaera''
( Schilder, 1931)
* ''Trivia liltvedi''
Gofas, 1984: synonym of ''
Niveria liltvedi''
(Gofas, 1984)
* ''Trivia magnidentata''
Liltved, 1986: synonym of ''
Triviella magnidentata''
(Liltved, 1986)
* ''Trivia maltbiana''
Schwengel and McGinty, 1942: synonym of ''
Pusula maltbiana''
(Schwengel & McGinty, 1942)
* ''Trivia marlowi''
Rosenberg & Finley, 2001: synonym of ''
Trivellona marlowi''
(Rosenberg & Finley, 2001)
* ''Trivia massieri''
Martin & Poppe, 1991: synonym of ''
Triviella massieri''
(Martin & Poppe, 1991)
* ''Trivia merces''
( Iredale, 1924) – New Zealand cowry: synonym of ''
Ellatrivia merces''
(Iredale, 1924)
* ''Trivia millardi''
(Cate, 1979) – West Coast baby's toes: synonym of ''
Triviella millardi''
(Cate, 1979)
* ''Trivia mollerati''
Locard, 1894: synonym of ''Trivia arctica''
(Pulteney, 1799)
* ''Trivia multicostata''
Liltved, 1986: synonym of ''
Trivellona multicostata''
(Liltved, 1986)
* ''Trivia myrae''
Campbell, 1961: synonym of ''
Dolichupis myrae''
(Campbell, 1961)
* ''Trivia neglecta''
( Schilder, 1930): synonym of ''
Triviella neglecta''
Schilder, 1930
* ''Trivia nix''
( Schilder, 1922) – snowy trivia: synonym of ''
Niveria nix''
( Schilder, 1922)
* ''Trivia oryza''
(Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1810): synonym of ''
Trivirostra oryza''
(Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1810)
* ''Trivia occidentalis''
Schilder, 1922: synonym of ''
Cleotrivia antillarum''
( Schilder, 1922)
* ''Trivia ovulata''
(Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1810) – baby's toes: synonym of ''
Triviella ovulata''
(Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...
, 1811)
* ''Trivia pacei''
Petuch, 1987: synonym of ''
Pusula cimex''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1870)
* ''Trivia paucicostata''
Schepman, 1909: synonym of ''
Trivellona paucicostata''
( Schepman, 1909)
* ''Trivia pediculus''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
, 1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...
) – coffeebean trivia: synonym of ''
Pusula pediculus''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
, 1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...
)
* ''Trivia pediculus'' var. ''permagna''
Johnson
Johnson may refer to:
People and fictional characters
*Johnson (surname), a common surname in English
* Johnson (given name), a list of people
* List of people with surname Johnson, including fictional characters
*Johnson (composer) (1953–2011) ...
, 1910: synonym of
†
A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species or languages). It is one of the mo ...
''
Pusula permagna''
(Johnson
Johnson may refer to:
People and fictional characters
*Johnson (surname), a common surname in English
* Johnson (given name), a list of people
* List of people with surname Johnson, including fictional characters
*Johnson (composer) (1953–2011) ...
, 1910)
* ''Trivia pellucidula''
(Gaskoin, 1846): synonym of ''
Trivirostra pellucidula''
(Gaskoin, 1846)
* ''Trivia phalacra''
( Schilder, 1930): synonym of ''
Triviella phalacra''
Schilder, 1930
* ''Trivia procella''
Cate, 1979: synonym of ''
Trivia monacha''
(da Costa, 1778)
* ''Trivia producta''
(Gaskoin, 1836): synonym of ''
Dolichupis producta''
(Gaskoin, 1836)
* ''Trivia pulex''
(Gray
Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
, 1827): synonym of ''Trivia mediterranea''
(Risso, 1826)
* ''Trivia pullicina''
Mollerat, 1890: synonym of ''Trivia mediterranea''
(Risso, 1826)
* ''Trivia quadripunctata''
(Gray
Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
, 1827) – four-spot trivia: synonym of ''
Niveria quadripunctata''
* ''Trivia ritteri''
Raymond, 1903: synonym of ''
Dolichupis ritteri''
(Raymond, 1903)
* ''Trivia rubra''
Shaw, 1909: synonym of ''
Triviella rubra''
(Shaw, 1909)
* ''Trivia sanctispiritus''
Shikama, 1974: synonym of ''
Triviella sanctispiritus''
(Shikama, 1974)
* ''Trivia sibogae''
Schepman, 1909: synonym of ''
Trivellona sibogae''
( Schepman, 1909)
* ''Trivia splendidissima''
( Tomlin & Schilder, 1934): synonym of ''
Triviella splendidissima''
( Tomlin & Schilder, 1934)
* ''Trivia suavis''
Schilder, 1931: synonym of ''
Trivellona suavis''
( Schilder, 1931)
* ''Trivia suffusa''
(Gray
Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
, 1832) – pink trivia: synonym of''
Niveria suffusa''
* ''Trivia tortuga''
Cate, 1979: synonym of ''Trivia hispania''
C. N. Cate, 1979 accepted as
Trivia arctica (Pulteney, 1799)
* ''Trivia valerieae''
Hart, 1996: synonym of ''
Trivellona valerieae''
(Hart, 1996)
* ''Trivia vemacola''
Liltved, 1987: synonym of ''
Quasipusula vemacola''
(Liltved, 1987)
* ''Trivia verhoefi''
Gosliner & Liltved, 1982: synonym of ''
Triviella verhoefi''
(Gosliner & Liltved, 1981)
* ''Trivia vesicularis''
(Gaskoin, 1836): synonym of ''
Trivellona vesicularis''
(Gaskoin, 1836)
* ''Trivia virginiae''
Liltved, 1986: synonym of ''
Triviella virginiae''
(Liltved, 1986)
* ''Trivia vitrosphaera''
Dolin, 2001: synonym of ''
Gregoia vitrosphaera''
(Dolin, 2001) (original combination)
* ''Trivia zealandica''
Kirk, 1882: synonym of
†
A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species or languages). It is one of the mo ...
''
Ellatrivia zealandica''
(Kirk, 1882)
European species:
''Trivia arctica'', ''T. candidula'', ''T. monacha'' and ''T. multirilata''
Western Atlantic species with updated genera
* ''
Cleotrivia antillarum''
( Schilder, 1922)
* ''
Cleotrivia candidula''
(Gaskoin, 1836)
* ''
Cleotrivia leucosphaera''
( Schilder, 1931)
* ''
Niveria nix''
( Schilder, 1922)
* ''
Niveria quadripunctata''
(Gray
Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
, 1827)
* ''
Niveria suffusa''
(Gray
Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...
, 1827)
* ''
Pusula hybrida''
( Schilder, 1931)
* ''
Pusula maltbiana''
(Schwengel & McGinty, 1942)
* ''
Pusula pacei''
(Petuch, 1987)
* ''
Pusula pediculus''
(Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
, 1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...
)
* ''
Trivia procella''
Cate, 1979
* ''
Trivirostra corinneae''
(Shaw, 1909) (extralimital)
References
*
* Liltved, W. R. 2000 ''Cowries and their relatives of southern Africa''
*
Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'',
William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
* Glen Pownall, ''New Zealand Shells and Shellfish'', Seven Seas Publishing Pty Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand 1979
* Sea Slug Foru
* Malacolog list of western Atlantic specie
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3539741
Triviidae
Taxa named by John Edward Gray
Gastropod genera