Triplophysa Uranoscopus

''Triplophysa'' is a genus of fish in the family Nemacheilidae found mainly in and around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Currently, the genus is a mixed assemblage of species. Some lineages have been identified and treated as subgenera ('' Hedinichthys'', '' Indotriplophysa'', '' Labiatophysa'', '' Qinghaichthys'' and '' Tarimichthys''), but as Wikipedia follows Fishbase for fish species all but ''Hedinichthys'' have been treated as subgenera in Wikipedia, although Kottelat in his revision of the loaches did recognise them as valid. FishBase, however, includes these in ''Triplophysa'' without specifying subgenera and treats the names given by Kottelat as synonyms.

Ecology

'' Triplophysa zhaoi'' holds the record for the lowest altitude for Asian fish: it is found at below sea level in swamps of the Lükqün oasis, in the Turpan Depression in Xinjiang. In the other end, ''Triplophysa stolickai'' holds the record altitude for Asian fish: it is found at above sea level in hot springs near the Longmu Lake in western Tibet. ''Triplophysa dalaica'' has been used as model species to study adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia and 13 positively selected genes involved in hypoxia response have been identified. Some species are blind cave-dwellers.

Species

There are currently 132 recognized species in this genus:
* Subgenus ''Triplophysa'' Rendahl, 1933
** ''Triplophysa alexandrae'' Prokofiev, 2001
** ''Triplophysa aliensis'' ( Y. F. Wu & S. Q. Zhu, 1979)
** '' Triplophysa altipinnis'' Prokofiev, 2003
** ''Triplophysa aluensis'' W. X. Li & Z. G. Zhu, 2000
** ''Triplophysa angeli'' ( P. W. Fang, 1941)
** '' Triplophysa anshuiensis'' T. J. Wu, M. U. Wei, J. H. Lan & L. N. Du, 2018
** ''Triplophysa anterodorsalis'' S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1989
** ''Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae'' Prokofiev, 2001
** ''Triplophysa arnoldii'' Prokofiev, 2006
** ''Triplophysa bashanensis'' T. Q. Xu & K. F. Wang, 2009
** ''Triplophysa bellibarus'' ( T. L. Tchang, T. H. Yueh & H. C. Hwang, 1963)
** ''Triplophysa bleekeri'' (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874)
** ''Triplophysa brachyptera'' ( Herzenstein, 1888)
** ''Triplophysa brahui'' ( Zugmayer, 1912)
** ''Triplophysa brevibarba'' R. H. Ding, 1993
** ''Triplophysa brevicauda'' (Herzenstein, 1888)
** ''Triplophysa cakaensis'' W. X. Cao & S. Q. Zhu, 1988
** ''Triplophysa chondrostoma'' (Herzenstein, 1888)
** '' Triplophysa coniptera'' ( Turdakov, 1954)
** ''Triplophysa crassilabris'' R. H. Ding, 1994
** ''Triplophysa cuneicephala'' ( T. H. Shaw & T. L. Tchang, 1931)
** ''Triplophysa dalaica'' ( Kessler, 1876)
** ''Triplophysa daochengensis'' Y. Y. Wu, Z. Y. Sun & Y. S. Guo, 2016
** ''Triplophysa daryoae'' Sheraliev, Kayumova & Peng, 2022 (Sokh stone loach)
** ''Triplophysa daqiaoensis'' R. H. Ding, 1993
** ''Triplophysa dongganensis'' J. Yang, 2013
** ''Triplophysa dorsalis'' (Kessler, 1872) (Gray loach)
** ''Triplophysa dorsonotata'' (Kessler, 1879)
** ''Triplophysa farwelli'' (Hora, 1935)
** ''Triplophysa fengshanensis'' J. H. Lan, 2013
** '' Triplophysa ferganaensis'' Sheraliev & Peng, 2021 (Fergana stone loach)
** ''Triplophysa flavicorpus'' J. X. Yang, X. Y. Chen & J. H. Lan, 2004
** ''Triplophysa furva'' S. Q. Zhu, 1992
** ''Triplophysa fuxianensis'' J. X. Yang & X. L. Chu, 1990
** '' Triplophysa gejiuensis'' (, X. L. Chu & Y. R. Chen, 1979)
** '' Triplophysa gerzeensis'' W. X. Cao & S. Q. Zhu, 1988
** ''Triplophysa gracilis'' ( F. Day, 1877)
** ''Triplophysa grahami'' ( Regan, 1906)
** ''Triplophysa griffithii'' ( Günther, 1868)
** ''Triplophysa gundriseri'' Prokofiev, 2002
** ''Triplophysa herzensteini'' ( Berg, 1909)
** '' Triplophysa hexiensis'' ( T. Q. Zhao & X. T. Wang, 1988)
** ''Triplophysa heyangensis'' S. Q. Zhu, 1992
** ''Triplophysa hialmari'' Prokofiev, 2001
** ''Triplophysa hsutschouensis'' (Rendahl), 1933)
** ''Triplophysa huanglongensis'' Gao, 1992
** ''Triplophysa huanjiangensis'' J. Yang, T. J. Wu & J. H. Lan, 2011
** ''Triplophysa huapingensis'' L. P. Zheng, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2012
** '' Triplophysa hutjertjuensis'' (Rendahl, 1933)
** ''Triplophysa incipiens'' (Herzenstein, 1888)
** ''Triplophysa intermedia'' (Kessler, 1876)
** '' Triplophysa jianchuanensis'' L. P. Zheng, L. N. Du, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2010 (Jianchuan stone loach)
** ''Triplophysa jiarongensis'' Y. Lin, C. Li & J. K. Song, 2012
** '' Triplophysa kafirnigani'' (Turdakov, 1948)
** ''Triplophysa kashmirensis'' (Hora, 1922)
** ''Triplophysa kaznakowi'' Prokofiev, 2004
** ''Triplophysa kullmanni'' Bănărescu, Nalbant & Ladiges, 1975
** '' Triplophysa kungessana'' (Kessler, 1879)
** '' Triplophysa labiata'' (Kessler, 1874) (Plain thick-lip loach)
** ''Triplophysa lacusnigri'' (Berg, 1928)
** ''Triplophysa lacustris'' J. X. Yang & X. L. Chu, 1990
** ''Triplophysa langpingensis'' J. Yang, 2013
** ''Triplophysa laterimaculata'' J. L. Li, N. F. Liu & J. X. Yang, 2007
** ''Triplophysa laticeps'' W. Zhou & G. H. Cui, 1997
** ''Triplophysa leptosoma'' (Herzenstein, 1888)
** ''Triplophysa lihuensis'' T. J. Wu, J. Yang & J. H. Lan, 2012
** '' Triplophysa lixianensis'' C. L. He, Z. B. Song & E. Zhang, 2008
** ''Triplophysa longianguis'' Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1984
** ''Triplophysa longibarbata'' (Y. R. Chen, J. X. Yang, Sket & Aljančič, 1998)
** '' Triplophysa longipectoralis'' L. P. Zheng, L. N. Du, X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2009
** '' Triplophysa longliensis'' Q. Ren, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2012
** ''Triplophysa macrocephala'' J. Yang, T. J. Wu & J. X. Yang, 2012
** ''Triplophysa macromaculata'' J. X. Yang, 1990
** ''Triplophysa macrophthalma'' S. Q. Zhu & Q. Z. Guo, 1985
** ''Triplophysa markehenensis'' (S. Q. Zhu & Y. F. Wu, 1981)
** ''Triplophysa marmorata'' ( Heckel, 1838)
** ''Triplophysa microphysa'' (P. W. Fang, 1935)
** ''Triplophysa microps'' (Steindachner, 1866)
** '' Triplophysa minuta'' (S. C. Li, 1966)
** '' Triplophysa moquensis'' R. H. Ding, 1994
** '' Triplophysa nandanensis'' J. H. Lan, J. X. Yang & Y. R. Chen, 1995
** ''Triplophysa nanpanjiangensis'' (S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1988)
** ''Triplophysa nasobarbatula'' D. Z. Wang & D. J. Li, 2001
** '' Triplophysa ninglangensis'' Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1988
** ''Triplophysa nujiangensa'' X. Y. Chen, G. H. Cui & J. X. Yang], 2004
** ''Triplophysa obscura'' X. T. Wang, 1987
** ''Triplophysa obtusirostra'' Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1988
** '' Triplophysa orientalis'' (Herzenstein, 1888)
** ''Triplophysa papillosolabiata'' (Kessler, 1879)
** ''Triplophysa pappenheimi'' (P. W. Fang, 1935)
** ''Triplophysa paradoxa'' (Turdakov, 1955)
** '' Triplophysa parvus'' Z. M. Chen, W. X. Li & J. X. Yang, 2009
** ''Triplophysa polyfasciata'' R. H. Ding, 1996
** ''Triplophysa pseudoscleroptera'' (S. Q. Zhu & Y. F. Wu, 1981)
** '' Triplophysa pseudostenura'' C. L. He, E. Zhang & Z. B. Song, 2012
** ''Triplophysa qilianensis'' W. J. Li, X. C. Chen & Y. P. Hu, 2015
** '' Triplophysa qiubeiensis'' W. X. Li & H. F. Yang, 2008
** ''Triplophysa robusta'' (Kessler, 1876)
** ''Triplophysa rosa'' X. Y. Chen & J. X. Yang, 2005
** '' Triplophysa scapanognatha'' Prokofiev, 2007
** ''Triplophysa scleroptera'' (Herzenstein, 1888)
** ''Triplophysa sellaefer'' ( Nichols, 1925)
** ''Triplophysa sewerzowi'' ( G. V. Nikolskii, 1938) (Severtsov’s loach)
** '' Triplophysa shaanxiensis'' J. X. Chen, 1987
** '' Triplophysa shilinensis'' Y. R. Chen & J. X. Yang, 1992
** ''Triplophysa shiyangensis'' (T. Q. Zhao & X. T. Wang, 1983)
** '' Triplophysa siluroides'' (Herzenstein, 1888)
** ''Triplophysa stenura'' (Herzenstein, 1888)
** ''Triplophysa stewarti'' (Hora, 1922)
** ''Triplophysa stolickai'' (Steindachner, 1866) (Tibetan stone loach)
** ''Triplophysa strauchii'' (Kessler, 1874) (Spotted thick-lip loach)
** ''Triplophysa tanggulaensis'' S. Q. Zhu, 1982)
** ''Triplophysa tenuicauda'' (Steindachner, 1866)
** ''Triplophysa tenuis'' (F. Day, 1877)
** '' Triplophysa tianeensis'' X. Y. Chen, G. H. Cui & J. X. Yang, 2004
** '' Triplophysa tianxingensis'' H. F. Yang, W. X. Li & Z. M. Chen, 2016
** ''Triplophysa tibetana'' (Regan, 1905)
** ''Triplophysa turpanensis'' Y. F. Wu & C. Z. Wu, 1992
** ''Triplophysa ulacholica'' ( V. P. Anikin, 1905) (Issyk-kul naked loach)
** '' Triplophysa uranoscopus'' (Kessler, 1872)
** ''Triplophysa venusta'' S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1988
** '' Triplophysa waisihani'' L. Cao & E. Zhang, 2008
** ''Triplophysa wulongensis'' Chen, Sheraliev, Shu & Peng, 2021
** ''Triplophysa wuweiensis'' ( S. C. Li & S. Y. Chang, 1974)
** ''Triplophysa xiangshuingensis'' W. X. Li, 2004
** ''Triplophysa xiangxiensis'' ( G. Y. Yang, F. X. Yuan & Y. M. Liao, 1986)
** ''Triplophysa xichouensis'' Liu, Pan, Yang & Chen, 2017
** ''Triplophysa xichangensis'' S. Q. Zhu & W. X. Cao, 1989
** ''Triplophysa xingshanensis'' ( G. R. Yang & C. X. Xie, 1983)
** ''Triplophysa xiqiensis'' R. H. Ding & Q. Lai, 1996
** ''Triplophysa yajiangensis'' S. L. Yan, Z. Y. Sun & Y. S. Guo, 2015
** ''Triplophysa yaopeizhii'' T. Q. Xu, C. G. Zhang & B. Cai, 1995
** ''Triplophysa yunnanensis'' J. X. Yang, 1990
** '' Triplophysa zhaoi'' Prokofiev, 2006
** ''Triplophysa zhenfengensis'' D. Z. Wang & D. J. Li, 2001
* Subgenus '' Indotriplophysa'' Prokofiev, 2010
** ''Triplophysa choprai'' (Hora, 1934)
** ''Triplophysa crassicauda'' (Herzenstein, 1888)
** ''Triplophysa eugeniae'' (Prokofiev, 2002)
** ''Triplophysa yasinensis'' (Alcock, 1898)
* Subgenus '' Labiatophysa'' Prokofiev, 2010
** ''Triplophysa herzensteini'' (Berg, 1909)
** ''Triplophysa microphthalma'' ( Kessler, 1879)
** ''Triplophysa nasalis'' (Kessler, 1876)
* Subgenus '' Qinghaichthys'' S. Q. Zhu, 1981
** ''Triplophysa alticeps'' (Herzenstein, 1888)
** ''Triplophysa rotundiventris'' (Y. F. Wu & Chen Yuan (ichthyologist), Yuan Chen, 1979)
** '' Triplophysas zaidamensis'' (Kessler, 1874)
** '' Triplophysa zamegacephala'' (T. Q. Zhao, 1985)
* Subgenus '' Tarimichthys'' Prokofiev, 2010
** ''Triplophysa bombifrons'' (Herzenstein, 1888)
** ''Triplophysa edsinica'' Prokofiev, 2003

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q603095

Nemacheilidae
Freshwater fish of Asia
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot