Tripartite Alliance (Lebanon) on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
The Helf Alliance or Tripartite Alliance (; ''Al-Hilf al-thulathi''), was a right-wing coalition formed in 1968 by the big three mainly
The Helf Alliance or Tripartite Alliance (; ''Al-Hilf al-thulathi''), was a right-wing coalition formed in 1968 by the big three mainly Christian
A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the wo ...
parties in Lebanon: The Pierre Gemayel
Pierre Amine Gemayel, also spelled Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil (; 6 November 1905 – 29 August 1984), was a Lebanese political leader. A Maronite Catholic, he is remembered as the founder of the Kataeb Party (also known as the Phalang ...
's Kataeb
The Kataeb Party (), officially the Kataeb Party – Lebanese Social Democratic Party ( '), also known as the Phalangist Party, is a right-wing Christian political party in Lebanon founded by Pierre Gemayel in 1936.
The party and its parami ...
, the National Liberal Party of former President Camille Chamoun
Camille Nimr Chamoun (, ; 3 April 19007 August 1987) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 2nd president of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958. He was one of the country's main Christian leaders during most of the Lebanese Civil War.
Early yea ...
, and National Bloc of Raymond Eddé
Raymond Eddé (; 15 March 1913 – 10 May 2000) was a Lebanese Maronite statesman who served his country for many years as a legislator and cabinet minister. He led the Lebanese National Bloc, an influential political party. The son of former P ...
. The coalition
A coalition is formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political, military, or economic spaces.
Formation
According to ''A G ...
called for a Lebanese Nationalism as Regional and internal tensions rise, and as relations with PLO
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; ) is a Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people in both the occupied Palestinian territories and the diaspora. ...
spoils. It was also seen as a counter-force against the Arabist line incarnated during his mandate by President Fuad Chehab
Fouad Abdallah Chehab ( / ; 19 March 1902 – 25 April 1973) was a Lebanese general and statesman who served as president of Lebanon from 1958 to 1964. He is considered to be the founder of the Lebanese Army after Lebanon gained independence f ...
. The alliance well-performed in 1968 Parliamentary elections winning 30 seats in the 99 member National Assembly
In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repr ...
- the best result until 2005 elections for any organized electoral force in Lebanon's notoriously fractured legislature. In 1969, the National Bloc left the alliance over a disagreement about the Cairo Agreement. The Kataeb and the NLP, still close allies, went on to form the Lebanese Front
The Lebanese Front was a coalition of mainly right-wing Lebanese Nationalist parties formed in 1976 by majority Christian groups during the Lebanese Civil War. It was intended to act as a reaction force to the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) ...
in 1976 while expanding their Christian canton amidst the Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War ( ) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 150,000 fatalities and led to the exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon.
The religious diversity of the ...
.
Formation
The idea of the alliance came at a meeting on March 23, 1967 at the home of the secretary-general of the National Liberal Party,Kazem al-Khalil
Kazem Ismail al-Khalil (1901 – 22 April 1990) – commonly known as Kazem al-Khalil or Kazem el-Khalil, also transliterated Kazim from the Arabic language, Arabic (كاظم إسماعيل الخليل) – was a lawyer, doyen Member of parliamen ...
, and was officially announced on February 22, 1968 prior to the Lebanese parliamentary elections scheduled for the following March 24.
It was agreed that, amongst the three parties, they hold responsibilities; which include:
* The Kataeb Party
The Kataeb Party (), officially the Kataeb Party – Lebanese Social Democratic Party ( '), also known as the Phalangist Party, is a right-wing Christian political party in Lebanon founded by Pierre Gemayel in 1936.
The party and its parami ...
, headed by Pierre Gemayel, chooses the alliance's candidates in the Beirut I electoral District.
* The National Liberal Party (NLP) chooses the alliance's candidates in the Chouf district
Chouf (also spelled Shouf, Shuf or Chuf; ) is a historic region of Lebanon, as well as an administrative district in the governorate ( muhafazat) of Mount Lebanon.
Geography
Located south-east of Beirut, the region comprises a narrow coastal stri ...
, headed by Camille Chamoun
Camille Nimr Chamoun (, ; 3 April 19007 August 1987) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 2nd president of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958. He was one of the country's main Christian leaders during most of the Lebanese Civil War.
Early yea ...
.
* The National Bloc party chooses the alliance's candidates in the Byblos district
Byblos District (; transliteration: ''Qadaa' Jbeil''), also called the Jbeil District (''Jbeil'' is Lebanese Arabic for "Byblos"; standard Arabic ''Jubail''), is a district ('' qadaa'') of the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon. It is located ...
, headed by Raymond Edde.
References
Defunct political party alliances in Lebanon Lebanese nationalism