''Trillium angustipetalum'', with the common name is narrowpetal wakerobin, is a species of ''

Trillium ''Trillium'' (trillium, wakerobin, toadshade, tri flower, birthroot, birthwort, and sometimes "wood lily") is a genus of about fifty flowering plant species in the family Melanthiaceae. ''Trillium'' species are native to temperate regions of N ...

'', plants which may be included within the Liliaceae (lily family) or the newer family

Melanthiaceae Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family of flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered members of this family to belong to ...

Description

''Trillium angustipetalum'' is a

rhizomatous In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (; , ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow h ...

perennial herb with one or more erect stems growing up to in height. There is a

whorl A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane flo ...

of three large leaves generally described as bracts each measuring up to in length and round or somewhat oval. They are green and mottled with brownish or darker green spots. Each stem produces one flower, which is held on top of the bracts. The ill-scented flower has three lance-shaped green or red

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined ...

s and three narrow purple or

maroon Maroon ( US/ UK , Australia ) is a brownish crimson color that takes its name from the French word ''marron'', or chestnut. "Marron" is also one of the French translations for "brown". According to multiple dictionaries, there are var ...

petals measuring up to long.

Taxonomy

In 1856,

John Torrey John Torrey (August 15, 1796 – March 10, 1873) was an American botanist, chemist, and physician. Throughout much of his career, he was a teacher of chemistry, often at multiple universities, while he also pursued botanical work, focusing on ...

described ''Trillium sessile'' var. ''angustipetalum'' based on a specimen collected by John Milton Bigelow two years earlier in California. In 1975,

John Daniel Freeman John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second ...

described the species ''Trillium angustipetalum'' based on Torrey's variety. The epithet ''angustipetalum'' means "narrow-petaled".

Distribution

The plant is native to northern and central

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the ...

and southwestern

Oregon Oregon () is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idah ...

, where it occurs in forests, woodlands,

chaparral Chaparral ( ) is a shrubland plant community and geographical feature found primarily in the U.S. state of California, in southern Oregon, and in the northern portion of the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico. It is shaped by a Mediterrane ...

, and

riparian zones A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream. Riparian is also the proper nomenclature for one of the terrestrial biomes of the Earth. Plant habitats and communities along the river margins and banks ...

. It is found in the

Klamath Mountains The Klamath Mountains are a rugged and lightly populated mountain range in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon in the western United States. As a mountain system within both the greater Pacific Coast Ranges and the California Coast ...

, western

Sierra Nevada The Sierra Nevada () is a mountain range in the Western United States, between the Central Valley of California and the Great Basin. The vast majority of the range lies in the state of California, although the Carson Range spur lies primari ...

foothills, and Outer Southern

California Coast Ranges The Coast Ranges of California span from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County. The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains. Ph ...

Bibliography

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References

External links

Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of ''Trillium angustipetalum''

Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON): occurrence data + maps for ''Trillium angustipetalum''
* * * angustipetalum Flora of California Flora of Oregon Flora of the Klamath Mountains Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States) Endemic flora of the United States Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands Natural history of the California Coast Ranges Plants described in 1857 Taxa named by John Torrey {{Liliales-stub