''Trigonostoma'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of
sea snails, marine
gastropod mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is es ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Cancellariidae
Cancellariidae, common name the nutmeg snails or nutmeg shells, are a family of small to medium-large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda. Some of the shells of the species in this family resemble a nutmeg seed.
...
, the nutmeg snails.
''Trigonostoma'' is also the name given to a
trematode
Trematoda is a Class (biology), class of flatworms known as flukes. They are obligate parasite, obligate internal Parasitism, parasites with a complex biological life cycle, life cycle requiring at least two Host_(biology), hosts. The intermedia ...
genus in the family
Aspidogastridae
Aspidogastridae is a Family (biology), family of Trematoda, trematodes in the Order (biology), order Aspidogastrida.
Genera
*Subfamily Aspidogastrinae Poche, 1907
**''Aspidogaster'' Baer, 1827Baer, K. E. (1827). Beiträge zur Kenntnis der nieder ...
, that is actually a synonym of the genus ''
Multicalyx''
Faust & Tang, 1936
Species
According to the
World Register of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms.
Content
The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific speciali ...
(WoRMS) the following species with valid names are included within the genus ''Trigonostoma'' :
* † ''
Trigonostoma ampullaceum''
(Brocchi, 1814)
* ''
Trigonostoma antiquatum''
(Hinds, 1843) - antique nutmeg
* † ''
Trigonostoma barnardi''
A. W. Janssen, 1984
* ''
Trigonostoma breve''
(G.B. Sowerby I, 1832a)
* ''
Trigonostoma bullatum''
(G.B. Sowerby I, 1832a) - bubble nutmeg
* ''
Trigonostoma chui''
Yen, 1936
* ''
Trigonostoma diamantinum''
Garrard, 1975
* ''
Trigonostoma elegantulum''
(M. Smith, 1947) little elegant nutmeg
* † ''
Trigonostoma exampullaceum''
(Sacco, 1894)
* † ''
Trigonostoma exgeslini
''Trigonostoma'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Cancellariidae, the nutmeg snails.
''Trigonostoma'' is also the name given to a trematode genus in the family Aspidogastridae, that is actually ...
''
(Sacco, 1894)
* † ''
Trigonostoma extractrix''
(Boettger, 1906)
* ''
Trigonostoma gofasi''
Verhecken, 2007
* ''
Trigonostoma goniostoma''
(G.B. Sowerby I, 1832a) - angle-mouth nutmeg
* ''
Trigonostoma iota''
Garrard, 1975
* ''
Trigonostoma kilburni
''Trigonostoma kilburni'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cancellariidae, the nutmeg snails.
The specific name ''kilburni'' is in honor of South African malacologist Richard Neil Kilburn.
Description
D ...
''
Petit & Harasewych, 2000
* ''
Trigonostoma lamberti
''Trigonostoma lamberti'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cancellariidae
Cancellariidae, common name the nutmeg snails or nutmeg shells, are a family of small to medium-large sea snails, marine gastropod ...
''
(Souverbie, 1870 in Souverbie & Montrouzier)
* ''
Trigonostoma laseroni''
(Iredale, 1936) - Laseron's nutmeg
* † ''
Trigonostoma lindeni''
A. W. Janssen, 1984
* ''
Trigonostoma milleri
''Trigonostoma milleri'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cancellariidae
Cancellariidae, common name the nutmeg snails or nutmeg shells, are a family of small to medium-large sea snails, marine gastrop ...
''
(Burch, 1949) - Miller's nutmeg
* ''
Trigonostoma mozambicense''
Petit & Harasewych, 2002
* ''
Trigonostoma nitidum''
(A. Adams, 1855)
* † ''
Trigonostoma parvotriangula''
Sacco, 1894
* † ''
Trigonostoma protrigonostoma''
(Sacco, 1894)
* † ''
Trigonostoma pseudumbilicare''
Peyrot, 1928
* ''
Trigonostoma pygmaeum''
(C.B. Adams, 1852)
* ''
Trigonostoma rugosum''
(Lamarck, 1822)
* ''
Trigonostoma scala
''Trigonostoma scala'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cancellariidae, the nutmeg snails.
Description
The length of the shell attains 32.5 mm.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off Senegal
Se ...
''
(Gmelin, 1791)
* ''
Trigonostoma scalare''
(Gmelin, 1791)
* † ''
Trigonostoma schroeckingeri''
(R. Hoernes & Auinger, 1890)
* ''
Trigonostoma semidisjunctum''
(G.B. Sowerby II, 1849a) - disjunct nutmeg
* † ''
Trigonostoma subsuturale''
(d'Orbigny, 1852)
* ''
Trigonostoma tenerum''
(Philippi, 1848) - Philippi's nutmeg
* ''
Trigonostoma tessella''
Garrard, 1975
* ''
Trigonostoma thysthlon''
Petit & Harasewych, 1987
* ''
Trigonostoma tryblium''
Bouchet & Petit, 2008
* ''
Trigonostoma tuberculosum''
(G.B. Sowerby I, 1832a)
* † ''
Trigonostoma umbilicare''
(Brocchi, 1814)
; Subgenus ''Trigonostoma'' Blainville, 1825
* ''
Trigonostoma pellucida'' - triangular nutmeg
; Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Trigonostoma bicolor''
(Hinds, 1843) : synonym of ''
Scalptia bicolor
''Scalptia bicolor'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cancellariidae
Cancellariidae, common name the nutmeg snails or nutmeg shells, are a family of small to medium-large sea snails, marine gastropod moll ...
''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Trigonostoma campbelli''
Shasky, 1961 accepted as ''
Axelella campbelli
''Axelella campbelli'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cancellariidae
Cancellariidae, common name the nutmeg snails or nutmeg shells, are a family of small to medium-large sea snails, marine gastropod ...
''
(Shasky, 1961)
* † ''Trigonostoma christiei''
Finlay, 1924 accepted as † ''
Scalptia christiei
''Scalptia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cancellariidae, the nutmeg snails.
Species
Species within the genus ''Scalptia'' include:
* '' Scalptia aliguayensis'' Verhecken, 2008
* '' Scalptia androyensis'' ...
''
(Finlay, 1924)
* ''Trigonostoma costiferum''
(G.B. Sowerby I, 1832): synonym of ''
Scalptia costifera''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
* ''Trigonostoma damasoi''
T. Cossignani, 2015 accepted as ''Trigonostoma gofasi''
Verhecken, 2007
* ''Trigonostoma foveolata''
ic synonym of ''
Scalptia foveolata
''Scalptia foveolata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cancellariidae
Cancellariidae, common name the nutmeg snails or nutmeg shells, are a family of small to medium-large sea snails, marine gastropod ...
''
(G.B. Sowerby II, 1849)
* ''Trigonostoma rugosum''
(Lamarck, 1822) accepted as ''
Bivetopsia rugosa
''Bivetopsia rugosum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cancellariidae
Cancellariidae, common name the nutmeg snails or nutmeg shells, are a family of small to medium-large sea snails, marine gastropod ...
''
(Lamarck, 1822)
* ''Trigonostoma scalariformis''
(Lamarck, 1822) accepted as ''
Scalptia scalariformis
''Scalptia scalariformis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cancellariidae
Cancellariidae, common name the nutmeg snails or nutmeg shells, are a family of small to medium-large sea snails, marine gastro ...
''
(Lamarck, 1822)
* ''Trigonostoma semidisjuncta''
ic synonym of ''Trigonostoma semidisjunctum''
(G.B. Sowerby II, 1849)
* † ''Trigonostoma thisbe''
Olsson, 1964 accepted as † ''
Ventrilia thisbe''
(Olsson, 1964)
* † ''Trigonostoma triumpha''
Olsson, 1964 accepted as † ''
Ventrilia triumpha''
(Olsson, 1964)
* ''Trigonostoma tuberculosa''
ic synonym of ''Trigonostoma tuberculosum''
(G.B. Sowerby I, 1832)
* ''Trigonostoma vinnulum''
Iredale, 1925: synonym of ''
Trigonaphera vinnulum
''Trigonaphera vinnulum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cancellariidae
Cancellariidae, common name the nutmeg snails or nutmeg shells, are a family of small to medium-large sea snails, marine gastropod ...
''
(Iredale, 1925) (original combination)
* † ''Trigonostoma waikaiaensis''
Finlay, 1924 accepted as † ''
Scalptia waikaiaensis
''Scalptia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cancellariidae, the nutmeg snails.
Species
Species within the genus ''Scalptia'' include:
* ''Scalptia aliguayensis'' Verhecken, 2008
* ''Scalptia androyensis'' Ve ...
''
(Finlay, 1924)
References
* Hemmen J. (2007). Recent Cancellariidae.Annotated and illustrated catalogue of Recent Cancellariidae. Privately published, Wiesbaden. 428 pp.
* Bouchet P. & Petit R.E. (2008). ''New species and new records of southwest Pacific Cancellariidae.'' The Nautilus 122(1): 1-18.
External links
Perry, G. (1811). Conchology, or the natural history of shells: containing a new arrangement of the genera and species, illustrated by coloured engravings executed from the natural specimens, and including the latest discoveries. 4 pp., 61 plates. LondonBlainville, H. M. D. de. (1825-1827). Manuel de malacologie et de conchyliologie. Paris, Levrault 1-647Iredale, T. (1936). Australian molluscan notes, no. 2. Records of the Australian Museum. 19(5): 267-340, pls 20-24
Cancellariidae
Gastropod genera
{{Cancellariidae-stub