''Triglochin'' is a plant genus in the family

Juncaginaceae Juncaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, recognized by most taxonomists for the past few decades. It is also known as the ''arrowgrass'' family. It includes 3 genera with a total of 34 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). The APG I ...

described by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, ...

in 1753. It is very nearly

cosmopolitan Cosmopolitan may refer to: Food and drink * Cosmopolitan (cocktail), also known as a "Cosmo" History * Rootless cosmopolitan, a Soviet derogatory epithet during Joseph Stalin's anti-Semitic campaign of 1949–1953 Hotels and resorts * Cosmopoli ...

in distribution, with species on every continent except

Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest co ...

. North America has four accepted species, two of which can also be found in Europe: ''

Triglochin palustris ''Triglochin palustris'' or marsh arrowgrass is a species of flowering plant in the arrowgrass family Juncaginaceae. It is found in damp grassland usually on calcareous soils, fens and meadows. The species epithet ''palustris'' is Latin for "of ...

'' (marsh arrowgrass) and ''

Triglochin maritima ''Triglochin maritima'' is a species of flowering plant in the arrowgrass family Juncaginaceae. It is found in brackish marshes, freshwater marshes, wet sandy beaches, fens, damp grassland and bogs. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurrin ...

'' (sea arrowgrass). Australia has many more.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> The most widely used common name for the genus is arrowgrass, although these plants are not really

grass Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in law ...

es. Many of the common names for species make use of the term "arrowgrass", although there are exceptions: '' T. procera'', for example, is commonly known as water ribbons. Arrowgrasses are used as food plants by the

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. Th ...

e of some Lepidoptera species including the

grey chi The grey chi (; ''Antitype chi'') is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. It is distributed throughout Europe, although it is not present in southern Sp ...

moth.

Description

This genus contains marsh herbs with flat or cylindrical leaves. The inflorescences are spikes or racemes. The flowers have two bracts. Each flower has three or six herbaceous and deciduous perianth segments. Three to six stamens are connected at the base of the perianth segments and fall with the perianths. There are three to six carpels with a one chambered ovary containing a single ovule. The styles are short and may be fused at the base. The stigmas are often stalkless and plumose. The fruits have 3-6 free or fused curved follicles or achenes (small, dry, one seeded fruits with a loose covering)that break away from a persistent three winged axis. The seed is erect with a straight embryo.

Species

The following species are accepted: ;formerly included now in other genera: ''

Bulbine ''Bulbine'' is a genus of plants in the family Asphodelaceae and subfamily Asphodeloideae, named for the bulb-shaped tuber of many species. It was formerly placed in the Liliaceae. It is found chiefly in Southern Africa, with a few species ...

'', '' Cycnogeton'' and ''

Tetroncium ''Tetroncium'' is a genus of plants in the Juncaginaceae described as a genus in 1808. It contains only one known species, ''Tetroncium magellanicum'', known from a few sub-Antarctic islands: Tierra Del Fuego (Chile and Argentina), Falkland Isla ...

'' *''Triglochin alcockiae'' – '' Cycnogeton alcockiae'' – Australia *''Triglochin dubia'' – '' Cycnogeton dubium'' – Australia,

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torr ...

*''Triglochin huegelii'' – '' Cycnogeton huegelii'' –

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to ...

*''Triglochin linearis'' – '' Cycnogeton lineare'' –

*''Triglochin magellanica'' – ''

Tetroncium magellanicum ''Tetroncium'' is a genus of plants in the Juncaginaceae described as a genus in 1808. It contains only one known species, ''Tetroncium magellanicum'', known from a few sub-Antarctic islands: Tierra Del Fuego (Chile and Argentina), Falkland Is ...

'' –

Tierra del Fuego Tierra del Fuego (, ; Spanish for "Land of the Fire", rarely also Fireland in English) is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan. The archipelago consists of the main island, Isla ...

, Falkland Is, Gough I *''Triglochin maundii'' – ''

Maundia triglochinoides ''Maundia '' is a genus of alismatid monocots, described in 1858. ''Maundia'' was formerly included in the family Juncaginaceae but is now considered to form a family of its own under the name Maundiaceae. It contains only one known species, ''Ma ...

'' – Australia *''Triglochin microtuberosa'' – '' Cycnogeton microtuberosum'' – Australia *''Triglochin multifructa'' – '' Cycnogeton multifructum'' – Australia *''Triglochin procera'' – Cycnogeton procerum'' – ''Australia *''Triglochin pterocarpa'' – '' Cycnogeton dubium'' – Australia,

*''Triglochin racemosa'' – ''

Bulbine semibarbata ''Bulbine semibarbata'', commonly known as leek lily, native leek or wild onion, is a species of annual herb native to Australia. Description It grows as an annual herb from 7 to 45 centimetres high, with yellow flowers. Taxonomy It was first ...

'' – Australia *''Triglochin reflexa'' – ''

'' –

, Falkland Is, Gough I *''Triglochin rheophila'' – '' Cycnogeton rheophilum'' – Australia *''Triglochin triglochinoides'' – ''

'' – Australia

References

External links

''Triglochin'' in the ''Flora of North America''USDA: ''Triglochin concinna''

n the ''Flora of North America'' this is treated as a synonym of ''Triglochin maritima'' N, or n, is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''. History ...

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2458225 Juncaginaceae Alismatales genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Taxa named by Aimé Bonpland