''Trichoglossum'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Geoglossaceae
Geoglossaceae is a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Geoglossales, class (biology), class Geoglossomycetes. These fungi are broadly known as earth tongues. The ascocarps of most species in the family Geoglossaceae are terrestrial an ...
. They are commonly called hairy earth tongues. The
type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
is ''
Trichoglossum hirsutum
''Trichoglossum hirsutum'' is a species of fungus in the family Geoglossaceae. In the UK, it has been given the recommended English name of hairy earthtongue. In North America it is known variously as velvety black earth tongue, velvety earth to ...
''.
Members of the genus ''Trichoglossum'' have tiny hairs known as
setae
In biology, setae (; seta ; ) are any of a number of different bristle- or hair-like structures on living organisms.
Animal setae
Protostomes
Depending partly on their form and function, protostome setae may be called macrotrichia, chaetae ...
on the
spore bearing surface. The related genus ''
Geoglossum
''Geoglossum'' is a genus of fungi in the family Geoglossaceae. They are commonly called earth tongues. The type species is '' Geoglossum glabrum''. ''Geoglossum'' species are distinguished from the related genus ''Trichoglossum'' by the lack o ...
'' lacks hairs on the
spore bearing surface.
History
The genus ''Trichoglossum'' was created by
Émile Boudier, who constructed the new genus to include species of ''Geoglossum'' bearing prominent setae. Numerous authors have examined this genus since its creation,
with many new species and varieties described.
Index Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and th ...
currently lists 47 names, including forms and varieties, while Kirk et al. (2008) acknowledge 19 species. Published
molecular phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
research also supports the genus as a well-supported
clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...
.
Location
''Trichoglossum'' species are found in woodlands in North America and Europe, as well as Asia,
Australasia, India, and South America.
Species
References
External links
''Trichoglossum''at Mushroom Observer
* California Fungi �
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7840778
Geoglossaceae
Ascomycota genera
Taxa described in 1885
ca:Geoglossaceae