Trichodoridae (stubby-root nematodes, trichodorids) is a
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
of terrestrial root feeding
nematode
The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic. Parasitic worms (h ...
s, being one of two that constitute
suborder
Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized ...
Triplonchida
Triplonchida is an order of terrestrial nematode
The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorg ...
.Phylum Nematoda: Triplochida Nematode Classification. Department of Nematology. University of California, Riverside. Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012. They are economically important plant parasites and virus vectors.
Taxonomy
The first trichodorid was described in 1880 (De Man) as ''Dorylaimus primitivus'', and the type genus, ''Trichodorus'' described in 1913 by Cobb, based on '' Trichodorus obtusus''.
Subdivision
Historically, up to 1973, ''
Trichodorus
''Trichodorus'' is a genus of terrestrial root feeding (stubby-root) nematodes in the Trichodoridae family (trichorids), being one of five genera.Paratrichodorus
''Paratrichodorus'' is a genus of terrestrial root feeding (stubby-root) nematodes in the Trichodoridae Family (biology), family (trichorids), being one of five genera.molecular systematics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
.
Phylogenetics
In the case of ''Nanidorus'',
phylogenetic analysis
In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical data ...
has supported its recognition as a separate genus, although clustering with ''Trichodorus'' rather than its parent ''Paratrichodorus''.
Genera
There were few species recognised before the economic importance of the family was recognised, and in 1957 there were only 12, but this increased rapidly. In addition further genera than the original ''Trichodorus'' (1913) and ''Paratrichodorus'' (1974) were created in the 1970s, and another genus in 2002.
There are now about 100 species divided into five to six genera. Duarte et al. (2010) list 102 species.
*'' Allotrichodorus'' Rodriguez-M, Sher and Siddiqi, 1978 (6 species)
*'' Ecuadorus'' Siddiqi, 2002 (2 species)
*'' Monotrichodorus'' Andrassy, 1976 (4 species)
*'' Nanidorus'' Siddiqi, 1974
*''
Paratrichodorus
''Paratrichodorus'' is a genus of terrestrial root feeding (stubby-root) nematodes in the Trichodoridae Family (biology), family (trichorids), being one of five genera.Trichodorus
''Trichodorus'' is a genus of terrestrial root feeding (stubby-root) nematodes in the Trichodoridae family (trichorids), being one of five genera.
Paratrichodorus minor
''Paratrichodorus minor'' is a species of nematode in the family Trichodoridae, the stubby-root nematodes.Crow, W. T''Paratrichodorus minor''.EENY-339. University of Florida, IFAS. 2004. It occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of the world ...
'') was recognised as a pest of crops (beets and corn) in Florida. In 1961 it was discovered that they were also virus vectors,SOL, H. H. & SEINHORST, J. W. (1961). The transmission of rattle virus by Trichodorus pachydermus. Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 67, 307-311 though this seems to be mainly the didelphic genera.
*
*De Ley, P & Blaxter, M 2004, 'A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa'. in R Cook & DJ Hunt (eds), Nematology Monographs and Perspectives. vol. 2, E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 633–653.
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Enoplia