''Trianthema'' is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s in the ice plant family,

Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae (), or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1,800 species. Several genera are commonly known as 'ice plants' or 'carpet weeds'. The Aizoaceae are also referred to a ...

. Members of the genus are annuals or

perennials In horticulture, the term perennial ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also ...

generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostrate growth form, flowers with five perianth segments subtended by a pair of

bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves in size, color, shape or texture. They also lo ...

s, and a fruit with a winged lid. The genus contains about 30 described species growing in tropical and subtropical regions, especially Australia. One common species, ''

Trianthema portulacastrum ''Trianthema portulacastrum'' is a species of flowering plant in the ice plant family known by the common names desert horsepurslane, black pigweed, and giant pigweed. It is native to areas of several continents, including Africa and North and S ...

'', desert horse purslane, is frequent as a weed in agricultural areas and is widely distributed.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Trianthema'' was first formally described in 1753 by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

in ''

Species Plantarum ' (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genus, genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial nomenclature ...

''.

Species list

The following is a list of species of ''Trianthema'' according to

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...

as at October 2020: * ''

Trianthema argentinum ''Trianthema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are annuals or perennials generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostrate growth form, flowers with ...

'' Hunz. & A.A.Cocucci (Argentina) * ''

Trianthema ceratosepalum ''Trianthema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are annuals or perennials generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostrate growth form, flowers with ...

Volkens Georg Ludwig August Volkens (13 July 1855 – 10 January 1917) was a German botanist born in Berlin. He studied natural sciences at the Universities of Berlin and Würzburg, graduating in 1882 with the thesis ''Ueber Wasserausscheidung in liquide ...

& Irmsch. (Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania) * ''

Trianthema clavatum ''Trianthema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are annuals or perennials generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostrate growth form, flowers with ...

'' ( J.M.Black) H.E.K.Hartmann &

Liede The Liede is a little river that used to connect Haarlem Lake with the Spaarne, just south of Spaarndam Spaarndam () is a village in the province of North Holland, the Netherlands, on the Spaarne river and the IJ lake. The oldest part of the ...

(South Australia) * ''

Trianthema compactum ''Trianthema compactum'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Aizoaceae and is endemic to near-coastal areas of north-eastern Australia. It is a small herb with oblong to more or less round leaves and flowers arranged singly with five to ...

'' C.T.White (Queensland, Northern Territory)) * ''

Trianthema corallicola ''Trianthema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are annuals or perennials generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostrate growth form, flowers with ...

'' H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede (Kenya, Somalia) * ''

Trianthema corymbosum ''Trianthema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are annuals or perennials generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostrate growth form, flowers with ...

'' (

E.Mey. Ernst Heinrich Friedrich Meyer (1 January 1791 – 7 August 1858) was a German botanist and botanical historian. Born in the Electorate of Hanover, he lectured in Göttingen and in 1826 became a professor of botany at the University of Königsb ...

ex Sond.) H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede (South Africa) * ''

Trianthema crystallinum ''Trianthema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are annuals or perennials generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostrate growth form, flowers with ...

'' ( Forssk.)

Vahl Vahl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Christian-Friedrich Vahl (born 1955), German cardiac surgeon * Emanuel Vahl (born 1938), Ukrainian-Israeli composer *Herbert-Ernst Vahl, German SS general *Jens Vahl (1796–1854), Danis ...

(Bangladesh, Myanmar, Africa, Yemen, South Africa) * '' Trianthema cussackianum''

F.Muell. Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Victoria (state), Vic ...

(Western Australia) * '' Trianthema cypseleoides'' (

Fenzl Eduard Fenzl (1808, in Krummnußbaum – 1879, in Vienna) was an Austrian botanist. Life and contributions An obituary notes " ewas Professor of Botany and Director of the Imperial Botanical Cabinet, a member of the Vienna Academy of Science ...

)

Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

(New South Wales) * '' Trianthema glossostigma'' F.Muell. (Northern Territory, Western Australia) * '' Trianthema hecatandrum'' Wingf. & M.F.Newman (Venezuela) * '' Trianthema hereroense'' Schinz (Namibia) * '' Trianthema kimberleyi'' Bittrich & K.M.Jenssen (Western Australia) * '' Trianthema megaspermum'' A.M.Prescott (Northern Territory) * '' Trianthema mozambiquense'' H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede (Mozambique) * '' Trianthema oxycalyptrum'' F.Muell. (Northern Territory, Western Australia) * '' Trianthema pakistanense'' H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede (India, Pakistan) * '' Trianthema parvifolium'' E.Mey. ex Sond. (Angola, Botswana, Cape Provinces, Free State, Namibia, Northern Provinces) * '' Trianthema patellitectum'' A.M.Prescott (Northern Territory, Western Australia) * ''

Trianthema pilosum ''Trianthema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are Annual plant, annuals or Perennial plant, perennials generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostr ...

'' F.Muell. (Australia) * ''

'' L. – Desert horse purslane (many continents) * '' Trianthema rhynchocalyptrum'' F.Muell. (Northern Territory, Queensland) * '' Trianthema salsoloides'' Fenzl ex Oliv. (Angola, Botswana, Cape Provinces, Free State, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Northern Provinces, Sudan, Tanzania)) * '' Trianthema sanguineum''

& Irmsch. (Kenya, Tanzania) * '' Trianthema sheilae'' A.G.Mill. & J.Nyberg (Eritea, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen) * '' Trianthema triquetrum''

Willd. Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 – 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist. He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants. Willdenow was also ...

ex Spreng. (Sahara to Sahel to South Africa, Indian subcontinent, to Thailand, North-east Jawa to Lesser Sunda Island, Australia) * ''

Trianthema turgidifolium ''Trianthema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are Annual plant, annuals or Perennial plant, perennials generally characterized by fleshy, opposite, unequal, smooth-margined leaves, a prostr ...

'' F.Muell. (Northern Territory, Western Australia) * '' Trianthema ufoense'' H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede (Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia) * '' Trianthema vleiense'' H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede (Cape Provinces, Free State, Northern Provinces)

References

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment
{{Taxonbar, from=Q136766 Aizoaceae genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus