The Carangidae are a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...

that includes the jacks, pompanos,

jack mackerel Jack mackerels or saurels are marine ray-finned fish in the genus ''Trachurus'' of the family Carangidae. The name of the genus derives from the Greek (language), Greek words ''trachys'' ("rough") and ''oura'' ("tail"). Some species, such as ''T ...

s, runners, trevallies, and scads. It is the largest of the six families included within the order

Carangiformes Carangiformes is a large, diverse order of ray-finned fishes within the clade Percomorpha. It is part of a sister clade to the Ovalentaria, alongside its sister group, the Anabantaria (including Anabantiformes and Synbranchiformes). The Cara ...

. Some authorities classify it as the only family within that order but molecular and anatomical studies indicate that there is a close relationship between this family and the five former Perciform families which make up the Carangiformes. They are marine fishes found in the

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for se ...

, Indian and

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is ...

s. Most species are fast-swimming predatory fishes that hunt in the waters above

reef A reef is a ridge or shoal of rock, coral, or similar relatively stable material lying beneath the surface of a natural body of water. Many reefs result from natural, abiotic component, abiotic (non-living) processes such as deposition (geol ...

s and in the open sea; some dig in the sea floor for invertebrates. The largest fish in the family, the greater amberjack, ''Seriola dumerili'', grows up to 2 m in length; most fish in the family reach a maximum length of 25–100 cm. The family contains many important commercial and game fish, notably the Pacific jack mackerel, ''Trachurus symmetricus'', and the other jack mackerels in the genus '' Trachurus''. Many genera have fairly extensive fossil records, particularly ''Caranx'' and ''Seriola'', which extend into the early

Paleogene The Paleogene Period ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Ma. It is the fir ...

(late

Thanetian The Thanetian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy, ICS Geologic timescale, the latest age (geology), age or uppermost stage (stratigraphy), stratigraphic stage of the Paleocene epoch (geology), Epoch or series (stratigraphy), Serie ...

), and are known from whole and incomplete specimens, skeletal fragments, and

otolith An otolith (, ' ear + , ', a stone), also called otoconium, statolith, or statoconium, is a calcium carbonate structure in the saccule or utricle (ear), utricle of the inner ear, specifically in the vestibular system of vertebrates. The saccule ...

s. The several

extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...

genera include '' Archaeus'', '' Pseudovomer'', and '' Eastmanalepes''.

Subfamilies and genera

The family Carangidae is subdivided into the following subfamilies and

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

: * Genus †'' Archaeus''

Agassiz Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz ( ; ) FRS (For) FRSE (May 28, 1807 – December 14, 1873) was a Swiss-born American biologist and geologist who is recognized as a scholar of Earth's natural history. Spending his early life in Switzerland, he recei ...

, 1844 (formerly placed in invalid subfamily Archaeinae) * Genus †'' Belgocaranx'' Taverne, Simaeys & Steurbaut, 2006 * Genus †'' Carangidarum'' [

] * Genus †''Matsyana'' Singh & Choudhary, 1972 * Genus †''Paratrachinotus'' Blot, 1969 * Genus †''Trachicaranx'' Daniltshenko, 1968 (=''Uylyaichthys'' Prokofiev, 2002) * Subfamily Trachinotinae

Gill A gill () is a respiration organ, respiratory organ that many aquatic ecosystem, aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow r ...

, 1861 ** Genus '' Lichia'' Cuvier, 1816 ** Genus '' Trachinotus'' Lacepède, 1801 * Subfamily Scomberoidinae Gill, 1890 ** Genus ''

Oligoplites ''Oligoplites'' is a genus of Carangidae, carangid leatherjackets native to warmer seas off the Americas, including the East Pacific, West Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Species The currently recognized species in this genus are: * ...

'' Gill, 1863 ** Genus '' Parona'' C. Berg, 1895 ** Genus '' Scomberoides'' Lacepède, 1801 ** Genus †'' Quasioligoplites'' Bannikov, 1995 * Subfamily Naucratinae Bleeker, 1859 ** Genus '' Campogramma'' Regan, 1903 ** Genus '' Elagatis'' F.D. Bennett, 1840 ** Genus ''

Naucrates The pilot fish (''Naucrates ductor'') is a carnivorous fish of the trevally, or jackfish family, Carangidae. It is widely distributed and lives in warm or tropical open seas. Description The pilot fish congregates around sharks, rays, and ...

Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; 22 October 178318 September 1840) was a French early 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ult ...

, 1810 ** Genus '' Seriola'' Bleeker, 1854 ** Genus '' Seriolina'' Wakiya, 1924 * Subfamily Caranginae Rafinesque, 1815 ** Genus '' Alectis'' Rafinesque, 1815 ** Genus '' Alepes'' Swainson, 1839 ** Genus '' Atropus'' Oken, 1817 ** Genus '' Atule'' D.S. Jordan & E.K. Jordan, 1922 ** Genus '' Carangoides'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus '' Caranx'' Lacepède, 1801 ** Genus '' Chloroscombrus'' Girard, 1858 ** Genus '' Decapterus'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus '' Gnathodon'' Bleeker, 1850 ** Genus '' Hemicaranx'' Bleeker, 1862 ** Genus '' Megalaspis'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus '' Pantolabus'' Whitley, 1931 ** Genus '' Parastromateus'' Bleeker, 1864 ** Genus '' Pseudocaranx'' Bleeker, 1863 ** Genus '' Selar'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus '' Selaroides'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus ''

Selene In ancient Greek mythology and Ancient Greek religion, religion, Selene (; , meaning "Moon")''A Greek–English Lexicon's.v. σελήνη is the goddess and personification of the Moon. Also known as Mene (), she is traditionally the daughter ...

'' Lacepède, 1802 ** Genus '' Trachurus'' Rafinesque, 1810 ** Genus '' Ulua'' D.S. Jordan & Snyder, 1908 ** Genus '' Uraspis'' Bleeker, 1855 ** Genus †'' Eastmanalepes'' Bannikov, 1984 ** Genus †'' Eothynnus'' Woodward, 1901 ** Genus †'' Pseudovomer'' Sauvage, 1870 ** Genus †'' Teratichthys'' Koenig, 1825 *† Vomeropsinae Bannikov, 1984 **†'' Ceratoichthys'' Blot, 1969 **†'' Vomeropsis'' Heckel, 1854

References

{{Authority control Marine fish families Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque Carangiformes families

Subfamilies and genera

See also

References