The Treaty of Louviers was signed in January 1196 by

Philip II of France Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), also known as Philip Augustus (), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. His predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks (Latin: ''rex Francorum''), but from 1190 onward, Philip became the firs ...

and

Richard I of England Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199), known as Richard the Lionheart or Richard Cœur de Lion () because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior, was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ru ...

between

Issoudun Issoudun () is a commune in the Indre department, administrative region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is also referred to as ''Issoundun'', which is the ancient name. Geography Location Issoudun is a sub-prefecture, located in the eas ...

and Chârost, when Richard appeared after riding over 150 miles (240 km) in three days. Philip asked permission for his army to leave, and when Richard refused they talked terms. The two kings met between the lines and had private words. They then dismounted, removed their helmets and exchanged a kiss of peace. Philip gave back the territory recently gained from Richard in return for the

Vexin Vexin () is a historical county of northern France. It covers a verdant plateau on the right bank (north) of the Seine running roughly east to west between Pontoise and Romilly-sur-Andelle (about 20 km from Rouen), and north to south betw ...

, and Alays of France who had been betrothed to Richard in 1169 when she was 8 years old was returned to Philip. She was now 34, an age when most women of the time were dead; Philip married her off to Count William of Ponthieu. The treaty confirmed the Treaty of Issoudon signed by Richard and Philip in December 1195, and showed that in the struggle for northern France Richard had all the advantages. While the French thought that he had abandoned his claim to the Norman Vexin, for Richard he was just buying time until the peace was to be renewed in June. Both kings had a common rallying-point in their joint dislike of the

Archbishop of Rouen The Archdiocese of Rouen (Latin: ''Archidioecesis Rothomagensis''; French: ''Archidiocèse de Rouen'') is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. As one of the fifteen Archbishops of France, the Archbishop of Rouen's ecclesi ...

, but the “peace of Louviers” was shaky when Philip changed tack, issuing afeconducts to the Archbishop etc. Then Richard invaded Brittany and “swept all before him” in Easter week 1196. The treaty was "made to be broken", as it clearly stated that "Andeley shall not be fortified", but Richard constructed

Château Gaillard Château Gaillard () is a medieval castle ruin overlooking the River Seine above the commune of Les Andelys, in the French department of Eure, in Normandy. It is located some north-west of Paris and from Rouen. Construction began in 1196 u ...

on the Rock of Andeley in 1197, although it was captured after Richard's death by Philip in 1204 after a siege. It was a temporary winter truce in their rivalry. The conflict between the Plantagenet kings of England and the Capetian kings of France lasted from 1159 to 1259 in the 12th and 13th centuries; see Capetian-Plantagenet rivalry.

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