Transylvanianism ( ro, transilvanism, hu, transzilvanizmus) is a political and cultural movement manifested within both the Hungarian minority and the majority Romanian communities of

Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the ...

which underlines the importance of historical acknowledgement and peaceful multi-ethnic existence in the region.

History

The Transylvanianist movement surrounded

Károly Kós Károly Kós (, born Károly Kosch; 16 December 1883 – 25 August 1977) was a Hungarian architect, writer, illustrator, ethnologist and politician of Austria-Hungary and Romania. Biography Born as Károly Kosch in Temesvár, Austria-Hung ...

, who established a programme for Transylvanian Hungarians on the basis of their lack of adaptability in the aftermath of the

Treaty of Trianon The Treaty of Trianon (french: Traité de Trianon, hu, Trianoni békeszerződés, it, Trattato del Trianon) was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference and was signed in the Grand Trianon château in Versailles on 4 June 1920. It formal ...

of 1920. The famous architect, upon his urgent arrival in Transylvania from Budapest in 1918, asserted that Transylvania was a specific entity and home to the three Transylvanian ethnic communities that have been living together for centuries. Károly Kós wrote in 1921 that "we can permanently wipe the tears on our cheeks, for a gate has now closed forever". He was, at that time, already aware that Hungarian revisionism had no essence and that national mourning was pathetic and nonsensical. "But I know: we must begin the hard work again". He, instead of mourning, fought intensively and proposed a more peaceful and European solution: collaboration, coexistence and conservation of a cultural and national identity in a way in which people would not slander each other. "We need to work if we desire to live – we desire to live, thus we will work!", he said with an optimism rarely present in the Hungarian press of the 20s. Further, Kós affirmed that "there is no reason for us to be sorrowful, to aggravate and intensify hatred or any differences but rather work, towards a new identity, towards 'new bastions', the ones which Transylvanianism conveys".

Literature

Transylvanianism appeared in literature at the initiative of Count János Kemény who invited, in 1926, 28 of the most prominent Hungarian literary figures from

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...

, to his castle in Brâncovenești, figures who had accepted the Hungarian fate. At his castle a cultural association named Helikon was then founded, whose meetings were attended by

Lajos Áprily Lajos Áprily (birth name Lajos Jékely; 14 November 1887 – 6 August 1967) was a Hungarian poet and translator who won the 1954 Attila József Prize for his contributions to Hungarian literature. Áprily was born 14 November 1887 in Brassó, ...

, Mária Berde,

Jenő Dsida Jenő Dsida ( hu, Dsida Jenő, ; 17 May 1907 – 7 June 1938) was a Hungarian poet and translator. Early life Jenő Dsida was born in 1907, in Transylvania. His father - Aladár Dsida - was an engineering officer in the Common Army of the Au ...

Zoltán Jékely Zoltán () is a Hungarian masculine given name. The name days for this name are 8 March and 23 June in Hungary, and 7 April in Slovakia. Zoltána is the feminine version. Notable people * Zoltán of Hungary * Zoltan Bathory, guitarist of ...

Aladár Kuncz Aladár or Aladar is a masculine given name. It may refer to: People * Aladár Andrássy (1827–1903), Hungarian soldier and politician * Aladár Árkay (1868–1932), Hungarian architect, craftsman and painter * Aladár Aujeszky (1869–193 ...

, József Nyírő,

Sándor Reményik Sándor Reményik (30 August 1890, in Kolozsvár – 24 October 1941, in Kolozsvár) was a Hungarian poet. Life Sándor Reményik was born on 30 August 1890 in Kolozsvár, Austria-Hungary (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania Romania ( ; ro, ...

Ferenc Szemlér Ferenc () is a given name of Hungarian origin. It is a cognate of Francis, Francisco, Francesco, François, Frank and Franz. People with the name include: * Ferenc Batthyány, Hungarian magnate and general * Ferenc Berényi, Hungarian artist * ...

Áron Tamási Áron Tamási (born: János Tamás; 20 September 1897 – 26 May 1966) was a Hungarian writer. He became well known in his native region of Transylvania and in Hungary for his stories written in his original Székely style. Biography Born to ...

László Tompa László () is a Hungarian male given name and surname after the King-Knight Saint Ladislaus I of Hungary (1077–1095). It derives from Ladislav, a variant of Vladislav. Other versions are Lessl or Laszly. The name has a history of being frequ ...

Albert Wass Count Albert Wass de Szentegyed et Czege ( hu, gróf szentegyedi és cegei Wass Albert; January 8, 1908 – February 17, 1998) was a Hungarian nobleman, forest engineer, novelist, poet, and member of the Wass de Czege family. Wass was born in ...

and many others.

Architecture

Casa arhitectului Kós Károly.jpg, Lakóház_%281270._számú_műemlék%29_2.jpg, FeiurdeniCJ (69).JPG, File:BreazaNr14 (4).JPG, File:RO SJ Biserica reformata din Babiu (2).JPG, File:RO SJ Biserica reformata din Tetisu (66).JPG,

References

{{reflist Transylvania Hungarians in Romania Political theories Political ideologies

History

Literature

Architecture

See also

References