The Train 2T, 4T and 6T were low power piston engines for

light aircraft A light aircraft is an aircraft that has a maximum gross takeoff weight of or less.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition'', page 308. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997. Light aircraft are used as utility aircraft c ...

, produced in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan ar ...

. They were inverted, air-cooled in-line engines with the same bore and stroke, differing chiefly in the number of cylinders.

Design and development

In the 1930s Train introduced a series of

air-cooled Air-cooled engines rely on the circulation of air directly over heat dissipation fins or hot areas of the engine to cool them in order to keep the engine within operating temperatures. In all combustion engines, a great percentage of the heat ge ...

, inverted in-line piston engines for light aircraft. The T series all used the same

cylinders A cylinder (from ) has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base. A cylinder may also be defined as an infini ...

piston A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors, hydraulic cylinders and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas- ...

connecting rod A connecting rod, also called a 'con rod', is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to the crankshaft. Together with the crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotation of the cranksha ...

valve train A valvetrain or valve train is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) ...

s and

ignition system An ignition system generates a spark or heats an electrode to a high temperature to ignite a fuel-air mixture in spark ignition internal combustion engines, oil-fired and gas-fired boilers, rocket engines, etc. The widest application for spark ig ...

, combined into 2 (2T), 4 (4T), and 6 (6T) cylinder units of the same layout. The number of crankshaft bearings (3, 5 or 7) and throws (2, 4 or 6) naturally depended on the number of cylinders, as did the number of cams (4, 8 or 12) on the

underhead camshaft An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion cha ...

. Each cylinder had a

swept volume Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all of the pistons of a piston engine, excluding the combustion chambers. It is commonly used as an expression of an engine's size, and by extension as a loose indicator of the ...

of , so the displacements were , and and the rated outputs , and respectively. The Train 6D was a variant of the 6T with increased bore of .

Operational history

Several International 2-litre Class records were set in 1937 by aircraft powered by the Train 4T. On 7 June 1937 M. Duverene averaged over and over in a single engine

Kellner-Béchereau E.1 The Kellner-Béchereau E.1 was an experimental single engine, single seat light aircraft, designed in France in the 1930s. It was a monoplane with a novel "double" wing, the rear part providing lift and lateral control as well as acting as slott ...

. On 27 December 1937 Mme Lafargue reached an altitude of in a Touya, setting both a class and a women's record. It also powered aircraft on some notable cross-country flights; on 30 December 1937 M. Lenee flew a

from

Elde The Elde () is a river in northern Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and a few km in Brandenburg), a right tributary of the Elbe. Its total length is . The Elde originates near Altenhof, south of Malchow. It first flows southeast towards the southe ...

Biarritz Biarritz ( , , , ; Basque also ; oc, Biàrritz ) is a city on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the French Basque Country in southwestern France. It is located from the border with Sp ...

, a distance of ; the same day M. Blazy flew a two-seat

SFAN 5 The SFAN 5 was a two-seat French motor-glider A motor glider is a fixed-wing aircraft that can be flown with or without engine power. The FAI Gliding Commission Sporting Code definition is: a fixed-wing aerodyne equipped with a means of pr ...

aircraft from

Guyancourt Guyancourt () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the south-western suburbs of Paris, from the center of Paris, in the "new town" of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. Geogr ...

Champniers, Charente Champniers ( or ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France. Population See also *Communes of the Charente department The following is a list of the 364 communes of the Charente department of France. The communes co ...

, covering . Six Train 4Ts were used in the 2 seat, span

Potez-CAMS 160 The Potez-CAMS 160 was a one-off 5/13 scale flight model built in France, first flown in the summer of 1938 to test aerodynamic and hydrodynamic qualities of the Potez-CAMS 161 airliner and mail carrier, which was too large for detailed modelling ...

flying boat, a 1:2.6 scale model of the large

Potez-CAMS 161 The Potez-CAMS 161 was a large, French six-engined flying boat airliner, designed to operate on the North Atlantic routes that were opening up in the late 1930s. Its development was almost halted by World War II. Just one was built and partiall ...

aircraft.

Variants

From ''Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938'' unless noted ;Train 2T :2-cylinders, , , ;Train 4T :4-cylinders, , , ::Train 4A - variant of the 4T ::Train 4E - variant of the 4T ;Train 6T :6-cylinders, , , ;Train 6C-01 : Powered the

Tokyo Imperial University LB-2 The Tokyo Imperial University LB-2 was a small, single-engined light civil aircraft, designed by students of the Tokyo Imperial University as a two-year project. The sole example first flew in December 1939. Design and development The aerona ...

;Train 6D :6-cylinders, , ,

Applications

From ''Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938'' and www.AviaFrance

4-cylinder models

Brochet MB.50 ''Constructions Aéronautiques Maurice Brochet'' was a French manufacturer of light aircraft established by Maurice Brochet (18 June 1899 – 16 June 1969) in Neauphle-le-Château in 1947. Aircraft design and construction Initially, the firm s ...

(4T) *

Carmier T.10 The Charmier-Dupuy 10 was a French parasol-winged single seat light aircraft designed for low-cost flying. The sole example was first flown in 1924. Over a long career, it was fitted with three different engines and remained on the French regist ...

(4A) *

Caudron C.344 The Société des Avions Caudron was a French aircraft company founded in 1909 as the Association Aéroplanes Caudron Frères by brothers Gaston and René Caudron. It was one of the earliest aircraft manufacturers in France and produced planes for ...

(4T) *

Chilton D.W.1 The Chilton D.W.1 is a British light sporting monoplane designed and built in the late 1930s by Chilton Aircraft at Hungerford, Berkshire. Design and development The Chilton D.W.1 was designed and built on the Chilton Lodge estate at Leverton ...

A (4T) * Druine Aigle 777 (4T) *

Duverne-Saran The Duverne-Saran 01 was a twin engine, three seat touring aircraft built in France in the mid-1930s. Only one was completed. Design The Duverne-Saran 01 was designed to carry a pilot and two passengers rapidly but economically with the extra s ...

(4T) * Hennion 01 (4A 01) *

(4T) *

Mauboussin Hémiptère The Mauboussin M.40 Hémiptère was an experimental, single seat, single engine light aircraft with unequal span tandem wings, designed in France in the 1930s. Only one was built. Design and development Between 1928 and 1932 Pierre Maubouss ...

(4T) *

Morane-Saulnier MS-660 Aéroplanes Morane-Saulnier was a French aircraft manufacturing company formed in October 1911 by Raymond Saulnier (1881–1964) and the Morane brothers, Léon (1885–1918) and Robert (1886–1968). The company was taken over and diversified ...

(4E-01) *

Nicolas-Claude NC-2 Aquilon The Nicolas-Claude NC-2 Aquilon was a single-seat touring aircraft built in the late 1930s, featuring a low-wing monoplane with canard foreplanes. The NC-2 was first flown on 5 April 1937 at Auxerre Auxerre ( , ) is the capital of the Yon ...

(4E-01?) *

Payen AP-10 Payen may refer to: People * Anselme Payen (1795–1878), French chemist * Antoine Payen the Younger (1792–1853), Belgian painter, naturalist and collector * Antoine Payen the Elder (1748–1798), Belgian architect * Antoine Payen (animator) (1 ...

(4T) *

(4T or 4A-01) *

Régnier 12 The Régnier 12 was a 1930s Belgian touring aircraft offering variants with different engines and seating plans. Only one was built. Design Carlos Régnier (no relation of the aircraft engine builder) intended that his low wing monoplane wou ...

(4T) *

Touya aircraft Toya may refer to: Places * Tōya, Hokkaidō, a former village in Abuta District, Iburi, Hokkaidō, Japan * Tōyako, Hokkaidō, a town incorporating Tōya, Hokkaidō **Tōya Station (Tōyako), a railway station in Tōyako *Lake Tōya, a volcanic l ...

(4T) * Trébucien Sport (4T)

6-cylinder models

Aubert PA-20 Cigale The Aubert PA-20 Cigale ( en, Cicada), PA-204 Cigale Major and PA-205 Super Cigale were a family of high-wing cabin monoplanes built in France in the years immediately before and immediately after World War II. The original Cigale was shown at ...

(6T) *

Duverne-Saran 01 The Duverne-Saran 01 was a twin engine, three seat touring aircraft built in France in the mid-1930s. Only one was completed. Design The Duverne-Saran 01 was designed to carry a pilot and two passengers rapidly but economically with the extra s ...

(6T) *

Kellner-Béchereau EC.4 The Kellner-Béchereau EC.4 and Kellner-Béchereau ED.5 were a pair of France, French training aircraft with side-by-side seating and a novel "double wing" patented by their designer, Louis Béchereau. The principal difference was that the EC.4 h ...

(6T) *

Kellner-Béchereau ED.5 ''Avions Kellner-Béchereau'', known as Kellner-Béchereau, was a French aircraft manufacturer of the early 20th century. History The company was founded in 1931 by Louis Béchereau together with the French automobile carriage-builder Georges Ke ...

(6T) * S.E.C.A.T. S.4 Mouette *

SECAT VI La Mouette The S.E.C.A.T.-VI La Mouette or S.E.C.A.T. 60T La Mouette (french: The Seagull) was a French two seat tourer built shortly before the outbreak of World War II. Design SECAT (Société d'Etudes et de Construction d'Avions de Tourisme) were est ...

(6T) *

Volland V-10 The Volland V-10 was a French two seat, low-powered biplane notable for its extreme stagger. It first flew in 1936 and appeared at the Paris Aero Salon that year. Design The V-10 was a single bay biplane with wings of almost equal span but e ...

(6T)

Specifications (4T)

References

{{Reflist, refs= {{cite book , title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938, last= Grey , first= C.G. , year=1972, publisher= David & Charles, location= London, isbn=0-7153-5734-4, page=56d {{cite book , title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938, last= Grey , first= C.G. , year=1972, page=111c {{cite journal , date=24 August 1936, title=Un nouveaux moteur: le Train 4E-01 de 50/55CV, journal=Les Ailes, issue=946, pages=7, url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6555914g/f15 {{cite journal , date=3 November 1938, title=Que reste-t-il des Avions du 1936?, journal=Les Ailes, issue=910, pages=15, url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6554706x/f7 1930s aircraft piston engines