Tracuateua Marine Extractive Reserve
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Tracuateua Marine Extractive Reserve ( is a marine
extractive reserve An extractive reserve ( or RESEX) is a type of sustainable use protected area in Brazil. The land is publicly owned, but the people who live there have the right to traditional extractive practices, such as hunting, fishing and harvesting wild pla ...
in the state of
Pará Pará () is a Federative units of Brazil, state of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins (state), Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas (Brazilian st ...
, Brazil. It is used for small-scale farming and fishing, but the main activity is scavenging for crabs. The reserve is suffering from growing human pressure leading to dwindling stocks of resources.


Location

The Tracuateua Marine Extractive Reserve is in the coastal marine biome and has an area of . It includes the estuary of the Tracuateua River, Quatipuru bay and the coast to the east. 65.71% of the reserve is in the municipality of Tracuateua, Pará, and 0.71% is in the municipality of
Bragança, Pará Bragança is a municipality in the state of Pará in the Northern region of Brazil. The municipality contains part of the of the Tracuateua Marine Extractive Reserve, an extractive reserve unit created in 2005. It contains the Caeté-Taperaà ...
. The reserve adjoins the
Caeté-Taperaçu Marine Extractive Reserve The Caeté-Taperaçu Marine Extractive Reserve () is a coastal marine Extractive reserve (Brazil), extractive reserve in the state of Pará, Brazil. Location The Caeté-Taperaçu Marine Extractive Reserve is in the municipality of Bragança, Par ...
to the east. The reserve differs from other coastal marine reserves protecting mangroves in that it includes fields within its area and fish in freshwater ponds. Vegetation is mainly mangrove species of the
genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...
Rhizophora,
Avicennia ''Avicennia'' is a genus of flowering plants currently placed in the bear's breeches family, Acanthaceae. It contains mangrove trees, which occur in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas and are characterized by its "pencil roots", which ar ...
and Laguncularia. As of 2015 about 30,000 people depended on the reserve for their living. There were about 130 families living within the reserve and 2,200 coming from outside. The user population as of 2016 was about 2,500 families of farmers, either small landowners or leaseholders. The main activity is scavenging for crabs.


Administration

The Tracuateua Marine Extractive Reserve was created by decree on 20 May 2005 and is administered by the
Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation The Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation ( Portuguese: ''Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade'', ICMBio) is a government agency under the administration of the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment. It is nam ...
. It is classed as
IUCN protected area category IUCN protected area categories, or IUCN protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The enlisting of such areas is part ...
VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources). An extractive reserve is an area used by traditional extractive populations whose livelihood is based on extraction, subsistence agriculture and small-scale animal raising. Its basic objectives are to protect the livelihoods and culture of these people and to ensure sustainable use of natural resources. The deliberative council was created on 20 November 2007. The reserve is open only to visitors with special permission. The European Union funds the Tracuateua Project, which is coordinated by AUREMAT (User's Association of the Tracuateua Marine Extractive Reserve). The project operates in four marine extractive reserves in the municipalities of Tracuateua, Bragança,
Viseu Viseu () is a city and municipality in the Centro Region of Portugal and the capital of the Viseu District, district of the same name, with a population of 100,105 inhabitants in the entire municipality, and center of the Viseu Dão Lafões Interm ...
and Augusto Corrêa in the Salgado region of the state of Pará. The purpose is to reduce predatory activities and strengthen sustainable production, marketing and processing of extractive products.


Issues

Issues include a growing population of users and outsiders, leading to reduction of stocks of fish and shellfish, dependence on middlemen for marketing and loose animals in the reserve. Horses were let loose after people began using motorbikes, and horses and buffaloes now invade the fields where the users grow tobacco and cassava, damaging the crops. There are conflicts between the residents and bird hunters. ''Meros'', a type of large
grouper Groupers are a diverse group of marine ray-finned fish in the family Epinephelidae, in the order Perciformes. Groupers were long considered a subfamily of the seabasses in Serranidae, but are now treated as distinct. Not all members of this f ...
, were once common but are now endangered due to over-fishing.


Notes


Sources

* * * * * {{authority control 2005 establishments in Brazil Marine extractive reserves of Brazil Protected areas of Pará Protected areas established in 2005