The veined tree frog (''Trachycephalus typhonius''), or common milk frog, is a species of

frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely semiaquatic group of short-bodied, tailless amphibian vertebrates composing the order (biology), order Anura (coming from the Ancient Greek , literally 'without tail'). Frog species with rough ski ...

in the family

Hylidae Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as " tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic. Taxonomy and ...

. This species was previously within the genus ''Phrynohyas'', which was recently synonymized with ''Trachycephalus'' .(Faivovich, et al., 2005) It is found in Central and South America. Its natural

habitat In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species' habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ...

s are

subtropical or tropical dry forest The tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest is a habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature and is located at tropical and subtropical latitudes. Though these forests occur in climates that are warm year-round, and may receive ...

subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF), also known as tropical moist forest, is a subtropical and tropical forest habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). Description TSMF is generally found in large ...

subtropical or tropical moist shrubland The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones immediately to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Ge ...

, subtropical or tropical dry lowland

grassland A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominance (ecology), dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes such as clover, and other Herbaceo ...

river A river is a natural stream of fresh water that flows on land or inside Subterranean river, caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river. A river may run dry before reaching the end of ...

s, intermittent rivers, freshwater

lake A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from ...

s, freshwater

marsh In ecology, a marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous plants rather than by woody plants.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p More in genera ...

es, intermittent freshwater marshes,

arable land Arable land (from the , "able to be ploughed") is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops.''Oxford English Dictionary'', "arable, ''adj''. and ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2013. Alternatively, for the purposes of a ...

, pastureland,

plantation Plantations are farms specializing in cash crops, usually mainly planting a single crop, with perhaps ancillary areas for vegetables for eating and so on. Plantations, centered on a plantation house, grow crops including cotton, cannabis, tob ...

s, rural gardens,

urban area An urban area is a human settlement with a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas originate through urbanization, and researchers categorize them as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs. In urbani ...

s, heavily degraded former forest, water storage areas, and

pond A pond is a small, still, land-based body of water formed by pooling inside a depression (geology), depression, either naturally or artificiality, artificially. A pond is smaller than a lake and there are no official criteria distinguishing ...

s. The veined tree frog is nocturnal, and can typically be found in tree branches and in areas with large amounts of vegetation. This frog is one of several other tree frogs in the family

that secrete a toxic substance from their skin that produces extreme irritation and pain when in contact with mucosal membrane surfaces. The veined tree frog has been observed being eaten by a

mantis Mantises are an order (Mantodea) of insects that contains over 2,400 species in about 460 genera in 33 families. The largest family is the Mantidae ("mantids"). Mantises are distributed worldwide in temperate a ...

References

* La Marca, E., Azevedo-Ramos, C., Scott, N., Aquino, L., Silvano, D., Coloma, L.A., Ron, S., Faivovich, J., Santos-Barrera, G., Solís, F., Ibáñez, R., Chaves, G., Wilson, L.D. & Hardy, J. 2004.
''Trachycephalus venulosus''

2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Downloaded on 22 July 2007. Tanacs, L., MD, & Littlefair, E., BSc. (2014, December). Symptoms and treatment of acute conjunctivitis caused by ... Retrieved March 27, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269179448_Symptoms_and_Treatment_of_Acute_Conjunctivitis_Caused_by_Skin_Secretions_of_Veined_Tree_Frog_Trachycephalus_Venulosus Wilderness & environmental medicine, 2014, Vol.25 (4), p.486-487 Trachycephalus Amphibians of Central America Frogs of South America Amphibians described in 1768 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxa named by Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti {{Hylidae-stub