Trachiniformes is an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...

percomorph Percomorpha () is a large clade of ray-finned fish that includes the tuna, seahorses, gobies, cichlids, flatfish, wrasse, perches, anglerfish, and pufferfish. Evolution Percomorpha are the most diverse group of teleost fish today. Teleosts, and ...

bony fish Osteichthyes (), popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse superclass of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. They can be contrasted with the Chondrichthyes, which have skeletons primarily composed of cartila ...

which is traditionally the

suborder Order ( la, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and ...

Trachinoidei of the

Perciformes Perciformes (), also called the Percomorpha or Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish. If considered a single order, they are the most numerous order of vertebrates, containing about 41% of all bony fish. Perciformes means ...

. However, the classification is also considered as a

polyphyly A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...

by molecular phylogenies. Trachinidae itself is eventually part of

Percoidei Percoidei is one of 3 suborders of bony fishes in the order Perciformes. Many commercially harvested fish species are considered to be contained in this suborder, including the snappers, groupers, basses, goatfishes and perches. Divisions Th ...

. Other members are respectively belongs to

Scombriformes Scombriformes is an order of bony fish containing nine families which were classified under the suborders Scombroidei and Stromateoidei, of the wider grouping known as Perciformes, ''Fishes of the World'', 5th ed. (2016), recognised the order b ...

Gobiiformes The Gobiiformes are an order of fish that includes the gobies and their relatives. The order, which was previously considered a suborder of Perciformes, is made up of about 2,211 species that are divided between seven families. Phylogenetic re ...

, new orders Uranoscopiformes, Pempheriformes, and other clades in Perciformes.

Timeline of genera

ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-65.5 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-65.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-65.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:NAM9 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:

Paleocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''pal ...

from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:

Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', " ...

from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but ...

from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" ...

from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text: Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:

Pleist. The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed in ...

from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:eratop from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of ...

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

Neogene The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q. PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left color:eocene bar:NAM1 from: -55.8 till: 0 text:

Ammodytes ''Ammodytes'' is a genus of sand lances native to the northern oceans. Species There are currently 8 recognized species in this genus: * ''Ammodytes americanus'' DeKay, 1842 (American sand lance) * '' Ammodytes dubius'' J. C. H. Reinhardt, 183 ...

color:eocene bar:NAM2 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Trachinus color:eocene bar:NAM3 from: -55.8 till: 0 text:

Uranoscopus ''Uranoscopus'' is a genus of stargazer fish from the family Uranoscopidae. The name ''Uranoscopus'' is from the Greek, ''ouranos'', "sky" and ''skopein'', "to watch". Species There are 25 species in the genus: * '' Uranoscopus affinis'' Cuvi ...

color:eocene bar:NAM4 from: -37.2 till: 0 text: Bembrops color:oligocene bar:NAM5 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: Hemerocoetes color:oligocene bar:NAM6 from: -33.9 till: 0 text:

Parapercis ''Parapercis'' is a genus of sandperches belonging to the fish family Pinguipedidae. Species There are currently 79 recognized species in this genus: * ''Parapercis albipinna'' J. E. Randall, 2008 * ''Parapercis albiventer'' H.-C. Ho, ...

color:oligocene bar:NAM7 from: -33.9 till: 0 text:

Pseudoscopelus ''Pseudoscopelus'' is a genus of snaketooth fishes. Species There are currently 16 recognized species in this genus: * '' Pseudoscopelus altipinnis'' A. E. Parr, 1933 * '' Pseudoscopelus aphos'' Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2005 * '' Pseudoscopelus as ...

color:oligocene bar:NAM8 from: -28.4 till: 0 text: Leptoscopus color:miocene bar:NAM9 from: -15.97 till: 0 text:

Hyperoplus ''Hyperoplus'' is a genus of sand lances native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface ...

PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:period from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:

from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:

from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:

from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:

from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text: Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:

from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:era from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.

Families

The following

families Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

make up the Trachiniformes: (with respectively belonging taxa following the molecular phylogenies) * Ammodytidae Bonaparte, 1832 - sandeels or sandlances (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes). *

Chiasmodontidae The Chiasmodontidae, snaketooth fishes or swallowers, are a family of deep-sea percomorph fishes, part of the order Trachiniformes, known from oceans worldwide. Timeline ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = ...

Jordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Ri ...

Gilbert Gilbert may refer to: People and fictional characters *Gilbert (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters *Gilbert (surname), including a list of people Places Australia * Gilbert River (Queensland) * Gilbert River (South A ...

, 1883 - the swallowers (considered as part of

). * Champsodontidae Jordan & Snyder, 1902 - gulpers, gapers or crocodile toothfishes (considered as part of Pempheriformes). * Cheimarrichthyidae

Regan The family name Regan, along with its cognates O'Regan, O Regan, Reagan, and O'Reagan, is an Anglicized form of the Irish surname Ó Riagáin or Ó Ríogáin, from Ua Riagáin. The meaning is likely to have originated in ancient Gaelic ''ri' ...

, 1913 - New Zealand torrentfishes (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes). *

Creediidae The sandburrowers or simply burrowers are a family, Creediidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes. They are native to coastal waters the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They are very small fishes; with the exception of the larger Donaldson's sandb ...

Waite, 1899 - sandburrowers (considered as part of Pempheriformes). * Leptoscopidae

Gill A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they ar ...

, 1859 - southern sandfishes (considered as part of Pempheriformes). * Percophidae Swainson, 1839 - duckbills (as a

, respectively part of Pempheriformes and

(

Notothenioidei Notothenioidei is one of 19 suborders of the order Perciformes. The group is found mainly in Antarctic and Subantarctic waters, with some species ranging north to southern Australia and southern South America. Notothenioids constitute appro ...

and Bembropoidei)). *

Pinguipedidae The sandperches are a family, Pinguipedidae, of fishes in the percomorph order Trachiniformes. Sandperches are benthic fish which normally occur over sand or rubble substrates in shallow seas. They are found off the coasts of South America, S ...

Günther, 1860 - sandperches (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes). * Trachinidae

Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...

, 181 - weeverfishes (considered as part of

, belong to Perciformes). * Trichodontidae Bleeker, 1859 - sandfish (considered as a part of

Cottoidei Cottoidei is a suborder of ray-finned fishes which, according to the 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'', is placed within the order Scorpaeniformes, alongside the scorpionfishes, flatheads, eelpouts,sticklebacks and related fishes. Taxon ...

, belong to Scorpaeniformes). *

Trichonotidae ''Trichonotus'' is a genus of marine gobiiform fishes. Species of ''Trichonotus'' are distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific. This genus is the only member of the family Trichonotidae. Description ''Trichonotus'' species have jutting lowe ...

Günther, 1861 - sanddivers (considered to formed the monotypic Trichonotoidei, belong to

). * Uranoscopidae Bonaparte, 1831 - stargazers (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).

References

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q1049466 Polyphyletic groups