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Toyota is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on August 28, 1937. Toyota is the List of manuf ...
SZ engine family is a series of compact
straight-4 A straight-four engine (also referred to as an inline-four engine) is a four-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. The majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout ( ...
piston engine A reciprocating engine, more often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more Reciprocating motion, reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a Circular motion, rotating motion. This article ...
s. Toyota Motor Manufacturing (UK) in
Deeside Deeside () is the name given to a predominantly industrial conurbation of towns and villages in Flintshire and Cheshire on the England–Wales border, Wales–England border lying near the canalised stretch of the River Dee, Wales, River Dee t ...
produces SZ engines for the Yaris. All three types of the SZ engine are built in Tianjin FAW Toyota Engine Co., Ltd. (TFTE) Plant No. 1 in
Xiqing District Xiqing District () is a district in Tianjin, People's Republic of China. History The current Xiqing area came into existence in the mid and late Tang dynasty. In Northern Song (Song dynasty) period, this area was the border of Song and Liao (Liao ...
,
Tianjin Tianjin is a direct-administered municipality in North China, northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the National Central City, nine national central cities, with a total population of 13,866,009 inhabitants at the time of the ...
,
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
. The 2SZ-FE and 3SZ-VE variations are also manufactured by PT Astra Daihatsu Motor's
Karawang Karawang (Kota Karawang or Karawang Kota) is the capital of the Karawang Regency of West Java, Indonesia. It is 32 miles east of Jakarta Jakarta (; , Betawi language, Betawi: ''Jakartè''), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( ...
Engine Plant in
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...
. This engine family has offset crankshaft center to cylinder center-line called the Désaxé, thin-wall cast-iron engine block, single-row chain-operated DOHC 4-valve, variable valve timing that allows
Miller cycle In engineering, the Miller cycle is a thermodynamic cycle used in a type of internal combustion engine. The Miller cycle was patented by Ralph Miller, an American engineer, dated Dec 24, 1957. The engine may be two- or four-stroke and may be r ...
operation for partial-throttle condition, and the 1.3L and 1.5L versions have the design to adopt to both longitudinal and transverse mounting. Further, these larger versions also adopt to longitudinal mounting with the engine canted nearly 90° to the left (exhaust-side down) for under-seat horizontal positioning.


Background

Development and manufacturing cooperation between
Daihatsu is a Japanese automobile manufacturer headquartered in Ikeda, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. One of the oldest surviving Japanese internal combustion engine manufacturers, the company was known for building three-wheeled vehicles and off-road vehicle ...
and its part-owner
Toyota is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on August 28, 1937. Toyota is the List of manuf ...
began in 1998 when Toyota started selling
Daihatsu Storia The is a subcompact car/supermini which was produced by the Japanese automaker Daihatsu between 1998 and 2005. It effectively replaced the similar sized Charade, which was produced alongside it for a year. It was also sold as the in Japan, whi ...
re-badged as ''Toyota Duet'', and in 1999 when Daihatsu installed Toyota's
VVT-i VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing petrol engine technology manufactured by Toyota Group and used by brands Groupe PSA (Peugeot and Citroen), Toyota, Lexus, Scion, Daihatsu, Subar ...
variable valve timing system on 1.0L Daihatsu ''EJ-VE'' 3-cylinder DOHC engine for Storia/Duet. Also in 1999, Daihatsu developed (with support from Toyota), and started manufacturing 1SZ-FE exclusively for
Toyota Vitz The is a subcompact car produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota from 1999 to 2019 in a three- or five-door hatchback body styles. The "Vitz" nameplate was used consistently in Japan, while most international markets received t ...
/ Yaris/ Platz/
Echo In audio signal processing and acoustics, an echo is a reflection of sound that arrives at the listener with a delay after the direct sound. The delay is directly proportional to the distance of the reflecting surface from the source and the lis ...
. Based on this 1SZ-FE, two 1.3L versions were developed, 2SZ-FE and K3-VE, using the same crankshaft but different cylinder block and vastly different cylinderhead. By this time, the VVT-i was slightly modified by Daihatsu to be called the ''DVVT'' and was used on the K3 engines (except K3-DE). Based on the K3-VE, three more 1.3L (72.0 x 79.7mm) engines were developed: K3-DE (simplified, 88ps/6,000rpm), K3-VE2 (high-performance, 110ps/7,000rpm), and K3-VET (turbo-charged, 140ps/6,400rpm). Further, a long-stroke naturally-aspirated 1.5L 3SZ-VE (72.0 x 91.8mm), and short-stroke turbo-charged 0.9L KJ-VET (72.0 x 57.5mm, 133ps/7,200rpm, 936.4cc for Boon X4, a 4WD homologation special with intercooler for rally events) were developed based on the K3-VET.


1SZ-FE

The 1SZ-FE was jointly developed by
Toyota is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on August 28, 1937. Toyota is the List of manuf ...
and
Daihatsu is a Japanese automobile manufacturer headquartered in Ikeda, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. One of the oldest surviving Japanese internal combustion engine manufacturers, the company was known for building three-wheeled vehicles and off-road vehicle ...
. It has a 4-cylinder inline configuration of displacement with DOHC 4 valves per cylinder. Bore and stroke are with a compression ratio of 10.0:1 and electronic port injection. There are two versions of this engine, one for the Japanese domestic market and another for the rest of the world. Output is 70 ps (51.5kW) at 6,000rpm with of torque at 4,000rpm using JIS 91
octane Octane is a hydrocarbon and also an alkane with the chemical formula C8H18, and the condensed structural formula CH3(CH2)6CH3. Octane has many structural isomers that differ by the location of branching in the carbon chain. One of these isomers ...
gasoline and
Denso is a global automotive components manufacturer headquartered in the city of Kariya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. After becoming independent from Toyota Motor, the company was founded as in 1949. About 25% of the company is owned by Toyota. Despi ...
electronics for Japan, and 68 ps (50.0kW) at 6,000rpm with of torque at 4,100rpm using
EEC The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the ''Treaty on the functioning of the European Union'', as renamed by the Lisbo ...
95
octane Octane is a hydrocarbon and also an alkane with the chemical formula C8H18, and the condensed structural formula CH3(CH2)6CH3. Octane has many structural isomers that differ by the location of branching in the carbon chain. One of these isomers ...
petrol and Bosch ancilleries for the rest, all mounted transversely. It features
VVT-i VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing petrol engine technology manufactured by Toyota Group and used by brands Groupe PSA (Peugeot and Citroen), Toyota, Lexus, Scion, Daihatsu, Subar ...
, offset-type ( Désaxé)
crankshaft A crankshaft is a mechanical component used in a reciprocating engine, piston engine to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The crankshaft is a rotating Shaft (mechanical engineering), shaft containing one or more crankpins, ...
(which enlarges Intake and Expansion strokes, at the same time reducing the piston side-load during the Expansion stroke for a better thermal and mechanical efficiency) with four counterweights, and narrow-angle valves (18.6° stem-to-stem) operated by roller-type cam-follower arms (finger followers). Valve timing is IN 48° to -12° / -8° to 52° EX 30° / -2° (60 crankshaft-degrees varying range on intake camshaft only). Bare engine weight without ancillaries of , and with ancillaries, was achieved by using a cast-iron cylinder block produced by 'Cold Box' method with extremely thin walls. The method enables 3mm-thick cylinder walls by placing the block in a chamber filled with catalytic gas during the cooling process at the end of casting, which otherwise incurs distortion in thin structures. Applications: *Japan **
Toyota Vitz The is a subcompact car produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota from 1999 to 2019 in a three- or five-door hatchback body styles. The "Vitz" nameplate was used consistently in Japan, while most international markets received t ...
/ Platz *Rest of the world **
Toyota Yaris The is a supermini/subcompact car sold by Toyota since 1999, replacing the Starlet and Tercel. Up to 2019, Toyota had used the Yaris nameplate on export versions of various Japanese-market models, with some markets receiving the same vehicl ...
/
Echo In audio signal processing and acoustics, an echo is a reflection of sound that arrives at the listener with a delay after the direct sound. The delay is directly proportional to the distance of the reflecting surface from the source and the lis ...


K3-VE

This engine is not a Toyota product, but included in this article for a better illustration in the engine family. The K3-VE is an inline four-cylinder 4-valve DOHC engine mainly for Daihatsu products, including OEM-supplied Toyota bB/Cami/Avanza and Subaru Dex, with bore and stroke of 72.0mm × 79.7mm, compression ratio of 10.0:1. Output is at 6,000rpm with 123 N⋅m of torque at 4,000rpm. This engine shares its crankshaft and other parts with the 2SZ-FE below, but the cylinder block is different to accommodate longitudinal mounting, and the cylinderhead has a wider valve-to-valve angle. The valve stem-to-stem angle is 29.7°, made directly actuated under the camshafts without the follower arms, with the cam timing of IN 30° to -12° / 10° to 52° EX 30° / -2° (for the DVVT varying range of 42°on the intake side only). These engines do not have valve clearance adjustment mechanism. When a need for adjustment arises, the stem end-cap on top of the valve is replaced with a new part with a different thickness (à la Coventry Climax FWA). The narrow valve-angle engines in the series can adjust the height of finger-follower pivot post. The engine features DVVT, except for K3-DE model, which is mounted longitudinally and canted nearly 90° to the left in
Daihatsu Gran Max The is a series of light commercial vehicles ( vans and pickup trucks) produced and sold by the Japanese automaker Daihatsu since late 2007. It is also rebadged and marketed by Toyota as the Toyota LiteAce and Toyota TownAce since 2008, and by ...
and Toyota Xenia/Avanza, that does not have variable valve timing. K3-VE2 is the high-performance version with a compression ratio of 11.0:1, output of at 7,000rpm and 126 N⋅m of torque at 4,400rpm. K3-VET is the turbocharged version with a compression ratio of 8.5:1, output of at 6,400rpm and 177 N⋅m of torque at 3,200rpm. There is also a LNG version. The Désaxé crankshaft has eight counterweights. Applications: * Transversal: ** Daihatsu YRV (M200) ** Daihatsu YRV Turbo (K3-VET) **
Daihatsu Storia The is a subcompact car/supermini which was produced by the Japanese automaker Daihatsu between 1998 and 2005. It effectively replaced the similar sized Charade, which was produced alongside it for a year. It was also sold as the in Japan, whi ...
/ Toyota Duet (M100/M300) (K3-VE or K3-VE2) **
Daihatsu Boon The is a subcompact car produced by Japanese automaker Daihatsu since 2004, and also sold under Toyota brand as the between 2004 and the ends of 2023. The Passo was once sold at ''Toyota Corolla Store'' Japanese dealerships until it was conso ...
/ Sirion/Toyota Passo (M100/M300) (K3-VE or K3-VE2) **
Perodua Myvi The Perodua Myvi is a subcompact car/supermini (B-segment) produced by the Malaysian manufacturer Perodua since 2005. Based on the Daihatsu Boon (also branded as Daihatsu Sirion, Toyota Passo and Subaru Justy), the Myvi is the result of Perodua' ...
(M300/M600) ** Daihatsu Coo/Materia (QNC20) ** Toyota bB/Subaru Dex (QNC20) **
Daihatsu Copen The is a 2-door convertible kei car built by the Japanese car company Daihatsu. It debuted at the 1999 Tokyo Motor Show, as the Daihatsu Copen concept. The second generation model debuted as the Kopen (Future Included) at the 2013 Tokyo Motor ...
(L881, 2006-2011 for Europe) **
Daihatsu Atrai 7 The , is a cab over microvan and kei truck produced and sold by the Japanese automaker Daihatsu since 1960. The , a passenger-specific version, was introduced in 1981. Despite the similarities between the Hijet name and Toyota's naming scheme f ...
/ Hijet Gran Cargo/Toyota Sparky (S220) * Longitudinal (upright): **
Daihatsu Terios The is a mini SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Daihatsu since 1997 as the successor to the F300 series Rocky. It was initially offered in both short- and long-wheelbase configurations before the former stopped production in ...
(first generation, 2000-2004) (K3-VE or K3-VET) **
Toyota Cami The is a mini SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Daihatsu since 1997 as the successor to the F300 series Rocky. It was initially offered in both short- and long-wheelbase configurations before the former stopped production in ...
(2000-2005) (K3-VE or K3-VET) ** Perodua Kembara (2000-2008) * Longitudinal and Horizontal (Canted nearly 90° to the left): **
Daihatsu Gran Max The is a series of light commercial vehicles ( vans and pickup trucks) produced and sold by the Japanese automaker Daihatsu since late 2007. It is also rebadged and marketed by Toyota as the Toyota LiteAce and Toyota TownAce since 2008, and by ...
(S400) (K3-DE) **
Daihatsu Xenia The Toyota Avanza and Daihatsu Xenia are a series of multi-purpose vehicles (MPV) developed by Daihatsu and marketed by both Toyota and Daihatsu, mainly sold with three-row seating. The Avanza and Xenia were developed as an entry-level MPV mar ...
/
Toyota Avanza The Toyota Avanza and Daihatsu Xenia are a series of multi-purpose vehicles (MPV) developed by Daihatsu and marketed by both Toyota and Daihatsu, mainly sold with three-row seating. The Avanza and Xenia were developed as an entry-level MPV mar ...
(F600) (K3-DE or K3-VE)


2SZ-FE

The 2SZ-FE is an inline four-cylinder engine with bore and stroke of , with a compression ratio of 10.0:1 for the export markets, and with bore and stroke of , with a compression ratio of 11.0:1 for the Japanese market. Output is at 6,000rpm with of torque at 4,200rpm for export, and at 6,000rpm with of torque at 4,000rpm for Japan. The engine features
VVT-i VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing petrol engine technology manufactured by Toyota Group and used by brands Groupe PSA (Peugeot and Citroen), Toyota, Lexus, Scion, Daihatsu, Subar ...
variable valve timing system. The export version is usually known as the 4A13 in China. Features are: VVT-i, Désaxé crankshaft with four counterweights for export, eight counterweights for Japan, thin-wall cast-iron cylinder block, and the narrow-angle valves (18.6° stem-to-stem) operated via roller cam-follower arms by DOHC (same as in 1SZ-FE). The Japan version further differs by having additional spacer plates in the water jacket for optimal cooling, polymer coating on piston skirts, and a radically different cam timing (IN 33° to -12° / 35° to 80° EX 40° / -2°) with 45° VVT-i adjustment range. Applications: * Transversal: **
Toyota Yaris The is a supermini/subcompact car sold by Toyota since 1999, replacing the Starlet and Tercel. Up to 2019, Toyota had used the Yaris nameplate on export versions of various Japanese-market models, with some markets receiving the same vehicl ...
/
Toyota Vitz The is a subcompact car produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota from 1999 to 2019 in a three- or five-door hatchback body styles. The "Vitz" nameplate was used consistently in Japan, while most international markets received t ...
(XP10/XP90) **
Toyota Belta The , marketed as the Vios in selected Asian markets and elsewhere as the Yaris sedan (or simply as Yaris, for markets where the Toyota Vitz#XP90, hatchback version is not available), is a subcompact Sedan (automobile), sedan manufactured by Toy ...
**
Toyota Ractis The is a mini MPV produced by Japanese automaker Toyota. It is a five-seater mini MPV based on the Vitz, and was introduced in October 2005 as the successor of the Yaris Verso/FunCargo. The name "Ractis" is derived from "Run", "Activity" and "S ...
(XP100)


3SZ-VE

The 3SZ-VE is a inline 4-cylinder engine with four valves per cylinder introduced in October 2005. First installed in 2005 on the second generation
Daihatsu Terios The is a mini SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Daihatsu since 1997 as the successor to the F300 series Rocky. It was initially offered in both short- and long-wheelbase configurations before the former stopped production in ...
. Bore and stroke are , with a compression ratio of 10.0:1. Output is at 6,000rpm with of torque at 4,400rpm for the Japanese market, and at 6,000rpm with of torque at 4,400rpm for the rest of the world. The Commercial variant in
Daihatsu Luxio The Daihatsu Luxio is a minivan designed by Daihatsu and manufactured by Astra Daihatsu Motor in Indonesia. It was launched on 26 February 2009. Based on the Gran Max, Luxio is intended to be the upmarket passenger van version of it. It has th ...
and
Daihatsu Gran Max The is a series of light commercial vehicles ( vans and pickup trucks) produced and sold by the Japanese automaker Daihatsu since late 2007. It is also rebadged and marketed by Toyota as the Toyota LiteAce and Toyota TownAce since 2008, and by ...
has output of at 6,000rpm with of torque at 4,400rpm without the VVT-i. In addition to the series-common combination of offset Désaxé crankshaft and
VVT-i VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing petrol engine technology manufactured by Toyota Group and used by brands Groupe PSA (Peugeot and Citroen), Toyota, Lexus, Scion, Daihatsu, Subar ...
for a high
thermal efficiency In thermodynamics, the thermal efficiency (\eta_) is a dimensionless performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, such as an internal combustion engine, steam turbine, steam engine, boiler, furnace, refrigerator, ACs etc. For ...
, this 1.5 Liter DOHC 3SZ-VE has unusually long connecting rods to avoid the high rpm vibration (due to secondary imbalance, that can be reduced with a longer conrod) often associated with long-stroke engines. Compared to the 1.3L 2SZ-FE that shares the same 72.0mm bore size, the stroke is 12.2mm longer with eight counterweights on the crankshaft, and the conrod center-to-center length is 18.5mm longer, more than 50% longer than the increase in stroke that is normally required. In order to accommodate this long conrod in addition to the increased stroke, the deck height (distance from the crankshaft center to the top of cylinder block) was increased by 25.5mm, making the engine assembly taller. This unique design (comparable to
Formula One Formula One (F1) is the highest class of worldwide racing for open-wheel single-seater formula Auto racing, racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The FIA Formula One World Championship has been one ...
and other racing engines, or, 2.0L Volvo B5204 five-cylinder that has the same deck-height as the 2.3L version because of its modular design) enabled the same 6,500rpm redline as the 1.0L and 1.3L versions despite a vastly different bore-to-stroke ratio. To cope with the increase in intake and exhaust flow volume, the intake valve size was increased from 26.1mm to 27.8mm, and the exhaust valve size was increased from 22.6mm to 23.4mm, which necessitated the use of small 12mm spark plugs. Model-specific pistons to clear the valves (and for a larger combustion chamber volume) have the polymer coating on the skirts to reduce friction. Throttle butterfly diameter was increased from 45mm of the 1.3L to 50mm, and the cam timing and lift are made more aggressive (Duration of 230° from 220°, lift of IN8.0mm/EX6.7mm from IN7.2mm/EX6.7mm, timing of IN 30° to -12° / 10° to 52° EX 30° / 2°). The valve stem-to-stem angle was 29.7°, directly actuated under the camshafts as in K3-VE without the follower arms. Applications: * Transversal: **
Daihatsu Sirion The Daihatsu Sirion is a subcompact/supermini hatchback produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Daihatsu since 1998. The Sirion nameplate was first used on export versions of the Japanese market Storia (between 1998 and 2004) and Boon ...
** Daihatsu Materia/ Coo **
Toyota bB The Toyota bB is a mini MPV produced by the Japanese car company Toyota. The first generation launched in 2000, and the second generation was jointly developed with Daihatsu from 2005. The car has been badge engineered and sold as the Daihatsu M ...
** Toyota Passo Sette **
Perodua Alza (M500) The M500 series Perodua Alza is the first generation of Perodua Alza, Alza B-segment multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) produced by Malaysian car manufacturer Perodua. Based on the Daihatsu Boon Luminas, it was launched in November 2009 as the company' ...
(2009–2022) ** Perodua Myvi SE/ Myvi Advance (2011–2017) ** Toyota Vios (China) * Longitudinal (upright): **
Toyota Rush The is a mini SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Daihatsu since 1997 as the successor to the Daihatsu Rocky (F300), F300 series Rocky. It was initially offered in both short- and long-wheelbase configurations before the former ...
** Daihatsu Terios/Be-go **
Perodua Nautica The is a mini SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Daihatsu since 1997 as the successor to the F300 series Rocky. It was initially offered in both short- and long-wheelbase configurations before the former stopped production in ...
* Longitudinal and Horizontal (Canted nearly 90° to the left): **
Daihatsu Gran Max The is a series of light commercial vehicles ( vans and pickup trucks) produced and sold by the Japanese automaker Daihatsu since late 2007. It is also rebadged and marketed by Toyota as the Toyota LiteAce and Toyota TownAce since 2008, and by ...
(1.5-litre variants) **
Daihatsu Luxio The Daihatsu Luxio is a minivan designed by Daihatsu and manufactured by Astra Daihatsu Motor in Indonesia. It was launched on 26 February 2009. Based on the Gran Max, Luxio is intended to be the upmarket passenger van version of it. It has th ...
(S400) **
Toyota Avanza The Toyota Avanza and Daihatsu Xenia are a series of multi-purpose vehicles (MPV) developed by Daihatsu and marketed by both Toyota and Daihatsu, mainly sold with three-row seating. The Avanza and Xenia were developed as an entry-level MPV mar ...
(1.5-litre variants) ** Toyota TownAce/LiteAce (2008–2020)


See also

*
List of Toyota engines This is a list of Internal combustion engine#Reciprocating engines, piston engines developed, independently or with other car companies, by Toyota, Toyota Motor Corporation. Engine codes Toyota has produced a wide variety of automobile engines, in ...


References

{{Reflist, 2 SZ Straight-four engines Gasoline engines by model