Torymidae is a family of wasps in the superfamily Chalcidoidea. Most species in this family are small with attractive metallic coloration, and females generally have long ovipositors. Many are parasitoids on gall-forming insects, and some are phytophagous (plant-eating) species, sometimes using the galls formed by other insects. Over 960 species in about 70 genera are found worldwide. They are best recognized in that they are one of the few groups of Chalcidoidea in which the cerci are visible. Torymus female

Systematics

The family was first described by Walker in 1833 and the infrafamiliar classification has been revised several times. A number of subfamilies were created within Torymidae, some of which have since been transferred to other families ( Idarninae,

Sycophaginae The family Agaonidae is a group of pollinating and nonpollinating fig wasps. They spend their larval stage inside the fruits of figs. The pollinating wasps (Agaoninae, Kradibiinae, and Tetrapusiinae) are the mutualistic partners of the fig trees ...

, Epichrysomallinae, and Ormyrinae), leaving the family with up to six subfamilies, although as few as two in other classifications. * Megastigminae * Monodontomerinae * Toryminae * Podagrioninae * Erimerinae (=Microdontomerinae) * Thaumatoryminae A phylogenetic analysis in 2018 found that Torymidae as then circumscribed was not monophyletic. The subfamily Megastigminae recovered outside the clades contain the other subfamilies and elevated to family Megastignidae in a taxonomic revision. The subfamilies and tribes of Torymidae were also revised.

References

* Grissell, E.E., 1995. Toryminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae): a redefinition, generic classification and annotated world catalogue of species.'' Memoirs on Entomology, International'' 2:474pp.

External links

*
Universal Chalcidoidea Database

Bug Guide

on the UF /

IFAS IFAS may refer: * Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences * Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge, a sewage treatment process * International French adjectival system In rock climbing, mountaineering, and other climbing disciplines, clim ...

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