Toros I
(), also Thoros I,
(unknown – 1129
/ February 17, 1129 – February 16, 1130) was the third
lord of Armenian Cilicia ( 1100
/ 1102 / 1103 – 1129
/ 1130).
His life
Toros was the elder son of
Constantine I, lord of Armenian Cilicia.
In 1107,
encouraged by
Tancred, Prince of Antioch, Toros followed the course of the
Pyramus River (today the river ''Ceyhan'' in Turkey), and seized the strongholds of
Anazarbus
Anazarbus, also known as Justinopolis (, medieval Ain Zarba; modern Anavarza; ), was an ancient Cilician city. Under the later Roman Empire, late Roman Empire, it was the capital of Cilicia Secunda. Roman emperor Justinian I rebuilt the city ...
(a place which had been considered impregnable) and
Sis (ancient city)
Sis () was the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. The massive fortified complex is just to the southwest of the modern Turkish town of Kozan, Adana, Kozan in Adana Province.
History Late Bronze Age Hittite period
In the 2nd millennium ...
.
[Kurkjian 1958, p. 219] Toros extensively rebuilt the fortifications at both fortresses with tall circuit walls and massive round towers.
A beautifully executed dedicatory inscription on the church (dated ca. A.D.1111) records his triumph, and most importantly, traces his Rubenid genealogy.
In 1111,
Sultan Malik Shah of
Konya
Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium. In 19th-century accounts of the city in En ...
entered Armenian territories.
Levon saved the
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, also known as Cilician Armenia, Lesser Armenia, Little Armenia or New Armenia, and formerly known as the Armenian Principality of Cilicia, was an Armenian state formed during the High Middle Ages by Armenian ...
into falling in the hands of the Turks.
His death occurred during 1129.
Marriage and children
The name of Toros's wife is not known.
*
Constantine II of Cilicia (? – after February 17, 1129)
*(?) Oshin (? – after February 17, 1129)
See also
*
Siege of Zovk
Footnotes
Sources
*Edwards, Robert W.: ''The Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: Dumbarton Oaks Studies XXIII''; Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1987, Washington, D.C.;
*Edwards, Robert W.: “Ecclesiastical Architecture in the Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: First Report,” ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers'' vol. 36; Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1982, Washington, D.C.;
*Edwards, Robert W.: “Ecclesiastical Architecture in the Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: Second Report,” ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers'' vol. 37; Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1983, Washington, D.C.;
*
*
External links
Armenian History page on Cilicia*
(Kurkjian's History of Armenia, Ch. 27)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thoros I, Prince Of Armenia
12th-century deaths
Year of birth unknown
12th-century Armenian people
Monarchs of the Rubenid dynasty
12th-century rulers of Armenian Cilicia