Anthony Joseph "Tony" Abruzzo (1916–1990)
was an American
comic book
A comic book, comic-magazine, or simply comic is a publication that consists of comics art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panel (comics), panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by descriptive prose and wri ...
artist. He is best known for his work in the
romance comics
Romance comics are a genre of comic book, comic books that were most popular during the Golden Age of Comics. The market for comics, which had been growing rapidly throughout the 1940s, began to plummet after the end of World War II when military ...
field for National Periodicals (later
DC Comics
DC Comics (originally DC Comics, Inc., and also known simply as DC) is an American comic book publisher owned by DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery. DC is an initialism for "Detective Comics", an American comic book seri ...
), particularly ''
Girls' Love Stories
''Girls' Love Stories'' was an American romance comic book magazine published by DC Comics in the United States. Started in 1949 as DC's first romance title, it ran for 180 issues, ending with the Nov-Dec 1973 issue. The stories covered such top ...
'', for which he illustrated stories continuously from 1954 to 1972. In the early 1960s,
pop artist Roy Lichtenstein
Roy Fox Lichtenstein ( ; October27, 1923September29, 1997) was an American pop artist. He rose to prominence in the 1960s through pieces which were inspired by popular advertising and the comic book style. Much of his work explores the relations ...
derived many of his best-known works from the panels of romance comics that had been illustrated by Abruzzo.
Biography
Early life and education
Anthony Joseph Abruzzo was born in 1916 in
New York City
New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
, the child of
Sicilian immigrant Antonio Abruzzo Jr. and Amelia (Mildred) Kehnle. Tony Abruzzo's father was an underemployed professional entertainer, and he grew up amidst familial tension as his parents' marriage deteriorated. After their divorce, he lived with his mother, who remarried a man named Louis Priore, in
Ozone Park, Queens
Ozone Park is a neighborhood in the southwestern section of the New York City boroughs of New York City, borough of Queens, New York (state), New York, United States. It is next to the Aqueduct Racetrack in South Ozone Park, Queens, South Ozone ...
. Meanwhile, Anthony's father remarried a woman named Evelyn Hayes.
Young Tony flourished, embracing a diverse array of activities at
Alexander Hamilton High School in Brooklyn. His involvement in the school's drama society garnered attention, as did his poetry, which was entered into an annual national writing competition sponsored by ''
Scholastic'' magazine. Four of Abruzzo's poems were published in the 1933 edition of Scholastic's ''Saplings''.
Abruzzo trained at the
Traphagen School of Fashion
Traphagen School of Fashion was an art and design school in operation from 1923 to 1991, and was located at 1680 Broadway in New York City. The school was founded and directed by Ethel Traphagen Leigh (1883–1963) with a focus on the foundation ...
, and initially gained recognition as a dress designer.
He also ventured into fashion advertisement design and harbored aspirations of moving to Paris to pursue a career in fashion.
From Traphagen, Abruzzo moved to the
Pratt Institute
Pratt Institute is a private university with its main campus in Brooklyn, New York. It has an additional campus in Manhattan and an extension campus in Utica, New York at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute. The institute was founded in 18 ...
, receiving a certificate in pictorial illustration from Pratt in April 1937.
Army service
The outbreak of
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
interrupted Abruzzo's plans as he was drafted into the
U.S. Army
The United States Army (USA) is the primary land service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution.Article II, section 2, clause 1 of the United Stat ...
. During his military service, at
Fort Knox
Fort Knox is a United States Army installation in Kentucky, south of Louisville and north of Elizabethtown, Kentucky, Elizabethtown. It is adjacent to the United States Bullion Depository (also known as Fort Knox), which is used to house a larg ...
near
Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville is the List of cities in Kentucky, most populous city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, sixth-most populous city in the Southeastern United States, Southeast, and the list of United States cities by population, 27th-most-populous city ...
, he illustrated tanks,
scout car
A scout car is a light wheeled armored military vehicle, purpose-built and used for passive reconnaissance. Scout cars are either unarmed or lightly armed for self-defense, and do not carry large-caliber weapons systems. This differentiates them ...
s, and jeeps for specialized Armored Force training manuals.
While in the Army, he was the subject of a number of news articles about his diverse drawing talents. He also began publishing comics in the Army, including a
comic strip
A comic strip is a Comics, sequence of cartoons, arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often Serial (literature), serialized, with text in Speech balloon, balloons and Glossary of comics terminology#Captio ...
called ''Randy Allen'', both in ''Armored Force News'' and ''
Army Times
''Army Times'' (ISSN 0004–2595) is a newspaper published 26 times a year serving active, reserve, national guard and retired United States Army personnel and their families, providing news, information and analysis as well as community and ...
''.
In 1944, Abruzzo's comic strip work was exhibited as part of a group show at Louisville's historic
Brown Hotel, sponsored by the ''
Courier-Journal
The ''Courier Journal'', also known as the ''Louisville Courier Journal'' (and informally ''The C-J'' or ''The Courier''), and called ''The Courier-Journal'' between November 8, 1868, and October 29, 2017, is a daily newspaper published in ...
'', ''
The Louisville Times
''The Louisville Times'' was a newspaper that was published in Louisville, Kentucky. It was founded in 1884 by Walter N. Haldeman, as the afternoon counterpart to ''The Courier-Journal'', the dominant morning newspaper in Louisville and the common ...
'', and the Kentucky Press Association. Abruzzo left the Army with the rank of sergeant.
Comics career
After the war, Abruzzo found work as a comic book artist, initially for the
Christian publisher Standard Publishing
Standard Publishing is a nondenominational Christian publishing company associated with the Restoration Movement.Brian P Clark, "An Analysis of the Organizing Functions of the Christian Standard in the Restoration Movement Christian Churches/Chur ...
(based in
Cincinnati
Cincinnati ( ; colloquially nicknamed Cincy) is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Settled in 1788, the city is located on the northern side of the confluence of the Licking River (Kentucky), Licking and Ohio Ri ...
). Comics Abruzzo worked on in 1946–1947 included ''Mission: Rescue!'', ''Parables Jesus Told'', and ''Life of Esther Visualized'', all written by Dorothy Fay Foster.
By the early 1950s, Abruzzo had transitioned to working as a comic book artist for
National Periodicals
National Comics Publications (NCP; later known as National Periodical Publications Inc. or simply National) was an American comic book publishing company. It was the direct predecessor of modern-day DC Comics.
History
The corporation was origin ...
(the predecessor of
DC Comics
DC Comics (originally DC Comics, Inc., and also known simply as DC) is an American comic book publisher owned by DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery. DC is an initialism for "Detective Comics", an American comic book seri ...
). His background in the fashion industry positioned him as a fitting artist for the company's extensive array of romance titles.
Abruzzo’s earliest signed artwork in a romance comic was in ''
Secret Hearts
''Secret Hearts'' was a romance comic anthology published by DC Comics in the United States, primarily in the 1950s and '60s. A staple of the company's romance line, it was "one of the publisher's most successful and well-known romance titles."
...
'' #12 (Oct.-Nov. 1952), published by Beverly Publishing, a National imprint. Throughout the early 1970s, Abruzzo illustrated numerous love stories featuring captivating female protagonists in titles such as ''
Girls' Love Stories
''Girls' Love Stories'' was an American romance comic book magazine published by DC Comics in the United States. Started in 1949 as DC's first romance title, it ran for 180 issues, ending with the Nov-Dec 1973 issue. The stories covered such top ...
'', ''
Girls' Romances
''Girls' Romances'' is a romance comic Comics anthology, anthology published by DC Comics in the United States. Debuting with a Feb.,/Mar. 1950 cover-date, it ran for 160 issues, ending with the Oct. 1971 issue (the final issue came out on Octob ...
'', ''Secret Hearts'', ''
Young Love'', ''
Young Romance
''Young Romance'' is a romantic comic book series created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby for the Crestwood Publications imprint (trade name), imprint Prize Comics in 1947 in comics, 1947. Generally considered the first Romance comics in the United ...
'', and ''Falling in Love''.
Robert Kanigher
Robert Kanigher (; June 18, 1915 – May 7, 2002)Social Security Death Index, social security #116-07-5117. was an American comic book writer and editor whose career spanned five decades. He was involved with the Wonder Woman franchise for over ...
, a long-time DC editor, said of Abruzzo, that he was, "The finest artist in the romance field, bar none."
Personal life and death
Abruzzo died in
Brooklyn
Brooklyn is a Boroughs of New York City, borough of New York City located at the westernmost end of Long Island in the New York (state), State of New York. Formerly an independent city, the borough is coextensive with Kings County, one of twelv ...
, New York, on December 30, 1990, at age 74. He never married.
Abruzzo and Lichtenstein
Roy Lichtenstein
Roy Fox Lichtenstein ( ; October27, 1923September29, 1997) was an American pop artist. He rose to prominence in the 1960s through pieces which were inspired by popular advertising and the comic book style. Much of his work explores the relations ...
made a splash in the 1960s with his
pop art "appropriations" based on the work of Abruzzo and other comic book artists, who rarely received any credit. One of Lichtenstein's most well-known works, ''
Drowning Girl
''Drowning Girl'' (also known as ''Secret Hearts'' or ''I Don't Care! I'd Rather Sink'') is a 1963 American painting in oil and synthetic polymer paint on canvas by Roy Lichtenstein, based on original art by Tony Abruzzo. The painting is consi ...
'' (1963), was adapted from the
splash page of "Run for Love!", illustrated by Abruzzo and lettered by
Ira Schnapp
Ira Schnapp (October 10, 1894 – July 24, 1969) was a logo designer and letterer who brought his classic and art deco design styles to DC Comics (then National Comics) beginning with the redesign of the ''Superman'' logo in 1940. He did a great d ...
, in ''
Secret Hearts
''Secret Hearts'' was a romance comic anthology published by DC Comics in the United States, primarily in the 1950s and '60s. A staple of the company's romance line, it was "one of the publisher's most successful and well-known romance titles."
...
'' #83 (
DC Comics
DC Comics (originally DC Comics, Inc., and also known simply as DC) is an American comic book publisher owned by DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery. DC is an initialism for "Detective Comics", an American comic book seri ...
, November 1962). Critics have noted that the waves in Lichtenstein's image are intended to "recall
Hokusai
, known mononymously as Hokusai, was a Japanese ukiyo-e artist of the Edo period, active as a painter and printmaker. His woodblock printing in Japan, woodblock print series ''Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji'' includes the iconic print ''The Gr ...
as well as the biomorphic forms of
Arp and
Miró;" just as Abruzzo's art may have intended to. Lichtenstein has claimed a strong relation between Abruzzo's original panel and Hokusai's ''
The Great Wave off Kanagawa
is a woodblock print by Japanese ''ukiyo-e'' artist Hokusai, created in late 1831 during the Edo period of Japanese history. The print depicts three boats moving through a storm-tossed sea, with a large, cresting wave forming a spiral in t ...
'', making this work a bridge between the two.
Notable other examples of Lichtenstein works based on Abruzzo's art include:
* ''
Crying Girl'' (1963) — adapted from "Escape from Loneliness," penciled by Abruzzo and inked by
Bernard Sachs
Bernard Sachs (January 2, 1858 – February 8, 1944) was an American neurologist.
Early life and education
After graduating with a B.A. from Harvard in 1878, Sachs travelled to Europe and studied under some of the more prominent physicians o ...
, in ''Secret Hearts'' #88 (DC Comics, June 1963)
* ''
Hopeless'' (1963) — adapted from a panel from the same story, "Run for Love!", artwork by Abruzzo and lettered by Schnapp, in ''Secret Hearts'' #83 (November 1962)
* ''
In the Car
''In the Car'' (sometimes ''Driving'') is a 1963 pop art painting by Roy Lichtenstein. The smaller, older of the two versions of this painting formerly held the record for highest auction price for a Lichtenstein painting. The larger version h ...
'' (sometimes called ''Driving'') (1963) — adapted from an Abruzzo panel in ''
Girls' Romances
''Girls' Romances'' is a romance comic Comics anthology, anthology published by DC Comics in the United States. Debuting with a Feb.,/Mar. 1950 cover-date, it ran for 160 issues, ending with the Oct. 1971 issue (the final issue came out on Octob ...
'' #78 (DC, September 1961)
* ''
Oh, Jeff...I Love You, Too...But...'' (1964)
* ''
Ohhh...Alright...'' (1964) — also derived from ''Secret Hearts'' #88 (June 1963)
* ''
Sleeping Girl'' (1964) — based on an Abruzzo panel from ''
Girls' Romances
''Girls' Romances'' is a romance comic Comics anthology, anthology published by DC Comics in the United States. Debuting with a Feb.,/Mar. 1950 cover-date, it ran for 160 issues, ending with the Oct. 1971 issue (the final issue came out on Octob ...
'' #105 (October 1964)
Jack Cowart, executive director of the Lichtenstein Foundation, contests the notion that Lichtenstein was a copyist, saying: "Roy's work was a wonderment of the graphic formulae and the codification of sentiment that had been worked out by others. The panels were changed in scale, color, treatment, and in their implications. There is no exact copy."
Comics industry figures don't have such a sanguine attitude about Lichtenstein's
swipes.
In 2013, Abruzzo's artwork was exhibited as part of the show ''"Image Duplicator"'', curated by
Rian Hughes
Rian Hughes is a People of the United Kingdom, British graphic designer, illustrator, type designer, comics artist and novelist.
Overviews
Hughes has written and drawn comics for ''2000 AD (comics), 2000 AD'', Vertigo CMYK and ''Batman Black ...
and
Jason Atomic
Jason ( ; ) was an ancient Greek mythological hero and leader of the Argonauts, whose quest for the Golden Fleece is featured in Greek literature. He was the son of Aeson, the rightful king of Iolcos. He was married to the sorceress Medea, t ...
, at Orbital Comics in London. The exhibition involved cartoonists "re-appropriating the works of Roy Lichtenstein, tracking them back to their original source material and then creating a new comic book image that credits the original artist." Abruzzo was one of the artists featured, alongside the likes of
Dave Gibbons
David Chester Gibbons (born 14 April 1949) is an English comics artist, writer and sometimes letterer. He is best known for his collaborations with writer Alan Moore, which include the miniseries ''Watchmen'' and the Superman story " For the M ...
,
Rian Hughes
Rian Hughes is a People of the United Kingdom, British graphic designer, illustrator, type designer, comics artist and novelist.
Overviews
Hughes has written and drawn comics for ''2000 AD (comics), 2000 AD'', Vertigo CMYK and ''Batman Black ...
,
Salgood Sam,
Steven Cook
Steven Cook is a British artist, photographer, and graphic designer.
Best known for his work in the comics field, Cook was art director and designer for the British comic '' 2000 AD'' (1988–2001). During this time he produced a number of st ...
, and
Howard Chaykin
Howard Victor Chaykin (; born October 7, 1950) is an Americans, American comics artist, comic book artist and writer. Chaykin's influences include his one-time employer and mentor, Gil Kane, and the mid-20th century illustrators Robert Fawcett an ...
.
Further reading
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References
External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Abruzzo, Tony
1916 births
1990 deaths
American comics artists
Romance comics artists
Artists from New York City
Pratt Institute alumni
Roy Lichtenstein
United States Army personnel of World War II