Bible stories in Tontemboan Language of Minahasa

Tontemboan is an

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language, of northern

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, Indonesia. It is a Minahasan language, a sub-group of the

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. Some lexical influence originates from European and other non-Minahasan languages, such as

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, Portuguese, Malay, and

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Name and dialects

Other names and dialect names are: Makela'i-Maotow, Makelai, Matana'i-Maore', Matanai, Pakewa, Kumawangkoan, Tompakewa, Tumompaso, Sonder, and Tountemboan.

Phonology

Consonants

* /ɣ/ can be heard as �in free variation. * /s/ may also be pronounced as �when before front vowels.

Vowels

* Vowels /e/ and /u/ can have allophones of �and �

Usage

As of 2013, an estimated 100,000 people speak the language, but it is not being passed on to children. It is used in the areas of Sonder, Kawangkoan, Tompaso, Langowan, Tumpaan, Suluun, Amurang, Kumelembuai, Motoling, Tompaso Baru, and Modoinding. Documentation of the language assembled by missionaries in the early 20th century is relatively inaccessible to Tontemboan speakers, as it is written in the

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. In 1907, Firma P.W.M Trap, Leiden, Holland published a Bible in the Tontemboan language. It was edited by Maria Lamberta Adriani-Gunning and Johannis Regar.

Vocabulary

Numerals

References

Sources

* * * * * * *

External links

OLAC resources in and about the Tontemboan languageTontemboan Gospel of Mark
{{Philippine languages Languages of Sulawesi Minahasan languages