''Tonna'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of large

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusc Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...

s in the family

Tonnidae The Tonnidae are a family (biology), family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, known as the tun shells. These are marine invertebrates, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The name ''tun'' refers to the snails' shell sh ...

, the tun or cask shells.WoRMS (2010). Tonna Brunnich, 1771. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138557 on 2011-02-23

Description

The thin shell is ventricose, inflated, generally globular, rarely oblong, and encircled with ribs. The

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...

is short. The outer

lip The lips are a horizontal pair of soft appendages attached to the jaws and are the most visible part of the mouth of many animals, including humans. Mammal lips are soft, movable and serve to facilitate the ingestion of food (e.g. sucklin ...

is crenulated and sometimes denticulated throughout its whole length. The oblong

aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...

is very large and emarginated inferiorly. The

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisin ...

is channeled. There is no operculum. The animal is very large, so as scarcely to be contained within its shell. The head is broad and swollen anteriorly, supporting two long, slender, obtuse, distant tentacles, dilated towards the base, where the eyes are situated. The mouth is large, muscular, strong, and retractile. The respiratory tube is pretty stout. Its cavity is large, entirely open, provided with two branchiae placed on the left side, the larger of which forms a large semicircle. The trunk is cylindrical, very much developed, flexible, capable of being turned in every direction at the will of the animal, and of elongating itself in a remarkable manner. It is furnished internally with several rows of hooks. The foot is ovate, large, and fleshy, bordering all parts of the shell. It is rounded, widened, lobed, and dilated anteriorly, with a horizontal furrow. The posterior extremity has no trace of an operculum. The reproductive organ of the male is very retractile.Kiener (1840). General species and iconography of recent shells : comprising the Massena Museum, the collection of Lamarck, the collection of the Museum of Natural History, and the recent discoveries of travellers; Boston :W.D. Ticknor,1837
(described as 'Dolium'') The genus ''Tonna'' comprehends a small number of species, some of which attain so remarkable a growth that they are sometimes as large as a man's head. The general appearance of the shell, of an inflated, thick-set form, calls up the image of a ''tun'', whence is derived its generic name. Thus, the characters which make up these species are a form more or less inflated, girdled, and very globular. The spire is much shorter than the

body whorl The body whorl is part of the morphology (biology), morphology of the gastropod shell, shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk ...

. This causes the size of the

, which almost always occupies two-thirds of the length of the shell. The animals of the tuns are in general strongly colored, and painted with different tints which form bands and spottings upon their entire exterior.

Distribution

This marine genus is

cosmopolitan Cosmopolitan may refer to: Internationalism * World citizen, one who eschews traditional geopolitical divisions derived from national citizenship * Cosmopolitanism, the idea that all of humanity belongs to a single moral community * Cosmopolitan ...

Species

Species within the genus ''Tonna'' include: * '' Tonna alanbeui'' Vos, 2005 * '' Tonna allium'' ( Dillwyn, 1817) * ''

Tonna ampullacea ''Tonna ampullacea'' is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tonnidae The Tonnidae are a family (biology), family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, known as the tun shells. These are marine invertebra ...

'' (

Philippi Philippi (; , ''Phílippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides (, ''Krēnĩdes'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colonists in 360/359 BC. The city was renamed by Phili ...

, 1845) * ''

Tonna berthae ''Tonna berthae'' is a species of large sea snail or tun snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tonnidae, the tun shells. Distribution This species is endemic to South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Afri ...

'' Vos, 2005 * ''

Tonna boucheti ''Tonna boucheti'' is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tonnidae, the tun shells. Description The size of an adult shell varies between . Distribution This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Taiwan ...

'' Vos, 2005 * ''

Tonna bozzettii Tonna may refer to: *Tonna, Neath, a village in Wales, part of the county borough Neath Port Talbot **Tonna RFC, a rugby union team from Tonna * ''Tonna'' (gastropod), a genus of marine snails *Tonna, Germany, a municipality in Thuringia, Germany * ...

'' T. Cossignani, 2021 * ''

Tonna canaliculata ''Tonna canaliculata'' is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tonnidae The Tonnidae are a family (biology), family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, known as the tun shells. These are marine inverte ...

'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

) * ''

Tonna chinensis ''Tonna chinensis'', common name : the China tun, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tonnidae The Tonnidae are a family (biology), family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, known as the tun shells ...

'' Dillwyn, 1817 * ''

Tonna cumingii ''Tonna cumingi'', common name Cuming's tun, is a species of very large sea snail, a tun snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tonnidae, the tuns.Vos, C.; Marshall, B. (2015). Tonna cumingii. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: ...

'' (Hanley in Reeve, 1849) * ''

Tonna deshayesii ''Tonna deshayesii'' is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tonnidae The Tonnidae are a family (biology), family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, known as the tun shells. These are marine invertebra ...

'' ( Reeve, 1849) * ''

Tonna dolium ''Tonna dolium'', common name the spotted tun, is a species of large sea snail or tun snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tonnidae, the tun shells.Vos, C. (2009). Tonna dolium. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Registe ...

'' (

) * '' Tonna dunkeri'' (

Hanley Hanley is one of the Federation of Stoke-on-Trent, six towns that, along with Burslem, Longton, Staffordshire, Longton, Fenton, Staffordshire, Fenton, Tunstall, Staffordshire, Tunstall and Stoke-upon-Trent, amalgamated to form the City of Stoke- ...

, 1860) * '' Tonna galea'' (

) * '' Tonna hawaiiensis'' Vos, 2007 * '' Tonna lischkeana'' (Küster, 1857) * '' Tonna luteostoma'' (Küster, 1857) * '' Tonna melanostoma'' (Jay, 1839) * '' Tonna morrisoni'' Vos, 2005 * '' Tonna oentoengi'' Vos, 2005 * ''

Tonna pennata ''Tonna pennata'' is a large species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tonnidae, the tun shells. Commonly known as the Atlantic partridge tun, the species is a predator of animals much larger than itself, particularly sea cuc ...

'' ( Mörch, 1853) * ''

Tonna perdix ''Tonna perdix'', common name the partridge tun, is a species of very large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tonnidae, the tun shells.Vos, C. (2010)Tonna perdix (Linnaeus, 1758) Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spe ...

'' (

) * '' Tonna poppei'' Vos, 2005 * '' Tonna rosemaryae'' Vos, 1999 * '' Tonna sulcosa'' (Born, 1778) * ''

Tonna tankervillii ''Tonna tankervillii'' is a very large species of sea snail or tun snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tonnidae, the tun shells. Distribution This species is found in Australia, from Torres Strait in the north, down the east coast, ...

'' (Hanley, 1860) * '' Tonna tenebrosa'' (Hanley, 1860) * ''

Tonna tessellata ''Tonna tessellata'', the mosaic tun, tessellate tun or maculated tun, is a species of large sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Tonnidae. Description The shell of an adult ''Tonna tessellata'' c ...

'' (

Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...

, 1816) * '' Tonna tetracotula'' Hedley, 1919 * '' Tonna variegata'' (

, 1822) * '' Tonna zonata'' (Green, 1830) ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Tonna cepa'' (Röding, 1798): synonym of ''Tonna canaliculata'' (

) * ''Tonna cerevisina'' Hedley, 1919: synonym of ''Tonna tankervillii'' (Hanley, 1860) * ''Tonna chinensis'' Hinton, 1972: synonym of ''Tonna alanbeui'' (Vos, 2005) * ''Tonna chinensis'' Zhang & Ma, 2004: synonym of ''Tonna boucheti'' (Vos, 2005) * ''Tonna cimingii'' Hinton, 1974 : synonym of ''Tonna poppei'' (Vos, 2005) * ''Tonna costata'' : synonym of ''Tonna allium'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Tonna fasciata'' (Martini, 1777): synonym of ''Tonna sulcosa'' (Born, 1778) * ''Tonna fimbriata'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1827): synonym of ''Tonna allium'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Tonna hardyi'' Bozzetti & Ferrario, 2005 : synonym of ''Tonna allium'' (Dillwyn, 1817) * ''Tonna haurakiensis'' (Hedley, 1919): synonym of ''Tonna tankervillii'' (Hanley, 1860) * ''Tonna maculata'' (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of ''Tonna dolium'' (

) * ''Tonna maculosa'' (Dillwyn, 1817): synonym of ''

'' (Mörch, 1853) * ''Tonna maoria'' Powell, 1938 : synonym of ''Tonna cumingii'' (Hanley in Reeve, 1849) * ''Tonna marginata'' (Philippi, 1845): synonym of ''Tonna lischkeana'' (Küster, 1857) * ''Tonna niasensis'' Wissema, 1947 †: synonym of ''Tonna sulcosa'' (Born, 1778) * ''Tonna olearium'' (

): synonym of ''Tonna galea'' (

) * ''Tonna oentoengi'' Dharma, 2005 : synonym of ''Tonna oentoengi'' (Vos, 2005) * ''Tonna parvula'' (Tapparone Canefri, 1878): synonym of Tonna tessellata (Lamarck, 1816) * ''Tonna perdix'' Steyn & Steyn, 2002 : synonym of ''Tonna dunkeri'' (Hanley, 1860) * ''Tonna planicostat''a Dodge, 1956: synonym of ''Tonna canaliculata'' (

) * ''Tonna pyriformis'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1914): synonym of '' Eudolium crosseanum'' (Monterosato, 1869) * ''Tonna variegata'' Kilburn, 1971 : synonym of ''Tonna dunkeri'' (Hanley, 1860) * ''Tonna variegata'' Suter, 1913 : synonym of ''Tonna tankervillii'' (Hanley, 1860)

References

* Rovereto, G. 1899. ''Prime ricerche sinonimiche sui generi dei gasteropodi.'' Atti della Società Ligustica de Scienze Naturali e Geografiche 10: 101-110 * Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. ''A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales''. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1-109 * Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp * Wilson, B. 1993. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods''. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp. * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213 * Rolán E., 2005.'' Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda'' * Beu, A. G. (2005) ''Neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of Indonesia''. Scripta Geologica 130, p. 1-186, pp. 166, figs. 327 * Vos, C. (2007). ''A conchological Iconography (No. 13) - The family Tonnidae. 123 pp., 30 numb. plus 41 (1 col.) un-numb. text-figs, 33 maps., 63 col. pls,'' Conchbooks, Germany * Beu, A.G., Bouchet, P. & Tröndlé, J. 2012. ''Tonnoidean gastropods of French Polynesia''. Molluscan Research 32(2): 61-120 * Vos, C. (2012) Overview of the Tonnidae (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) in Chinese waters. Shell Discoveries 1(1); pp. 12–22; Pls. 1-9 * Vos, C. (2013) Overview of the Tonnidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Chinese waters. Gloria Maris 52(1-2); pp. 22–53; Pls. 1-9

External links

Brünnich, M. & Stejneger, L. 1772. Zoologiae Fundamenta Praelectionibus Academicis Accomodata. pp. 254

Röding, P.F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp.

Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de 1801. ''Systeme des animaux sans vertebres, ou tableau general des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux''. Paris : Chez Deterville 432 pp.

Link, H.F. 1807. ''Beschreibung der Naturalien Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock.'' Rostock : Alders Erben.

Montfort, P.D. de 1810. Conchyliologie Systematique, et Classification Methodique des Coquilles. Paris : F. Schoell Vol. 2 676 + 16 pp.

Iredale, T. 1931. ''Australian molluscan notes. No. 1''. Records of the Australian Museum 18(4): 201-235, pls xxii-xxv

Forbes, E. 1852. ''On the Mollusca collected by Mr MacGillivray during the voyage of the Rattlesnake.'' pp. 360-386 in MacGillivray, J. (ed). Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley, R.N., F.R.S. etc, during the years 1846-1850. London : Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty Vol. II 395 pp.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1933534 Tonnidae Gastropod genera Taxa named by Morten Thrane Brünnich

Description

Distribution

Species

References

Further reading

External links