''Tonicia'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
chiton
Chitons () are marine molluscs of varying size in the class Polyplacophora ( ), formerly known as Amphineura. About 940 extant and 430 fossil species are recognized.
They are also sometimes known as sea cradles or coat-of-mail shells or suck ...
s in the subfamily
Toniciinae of the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Chitonidae
Chitonidae is a family of chitons or polyplacophorans, marine mollusks whose shell is composed of eight articulating plates or valves. There are fifteen extant genera in three subfamilies.
Subfamilies and genera
Subfamilies and genera within th ...
.
[
MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Tonicia Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206414 on 2022-10-03]
The genus was recently restricted to include only 12 New World species, with the more species-rich and exclusively Old World subgenus ''
Lucilina'' Dall, 1882, being elevated to a separate genus. Of these 12, ten species are found in the eastern Pacific, one in the Magellan province (southern Chile, Argentina and Falkland Islands) and one in the Caribbean Sea (Florida to Barbados).
However, a study published in 2019 which used molecular systematics to compare the eastern Pacific ''Tonicia'' species suggested that there are only 9 extant species in the eastern Pacific.
Species
* ''
Tonicia argyrosticta''
(Philippi, 1845)
* ''
Tonicia arnheimi''
Dall, 1903
* ''
Tonicia atrata
''Plaxiphora aurata'' is a species of chiton in the family Mopaliidae
Mopaliidae is a family of marine molluscs in the class
Class, Classes, or The Class may refer to:
Common uses not otherwise categorized
* Class (biology), a taxonomic ...
''
Sowerby, 1840
* ''
Tonicia chilensis''
Frembly, 1827
* ''
Tonicia disalvoi
''Tonicia'' is a genera, genus of chitons in the subfamily Toniciinae of the family (biology), family Chitonidae.
MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Tonicia Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.mari ...
''
(Dell'Angelo, Raines & Bonfitto, 2004)
* ''
Tonicia disjuncta''
Frembly, 1827
* † ''
Tonicia edwardsi''
Rochebrune Rochebrune may refer to the following places in France:
* Rochebrune, Hautes-Alpes, a commune in the department of Hautes-Alpes
* Rochebrune, Drôme, a commune in the department of Drôme
* Pic de Rochebrune, a mountain of Cottian Alps
* Pic ...
, 1883
* ''
Tonicia forbesii''
Carpenter, 1857
* ''
Tonicia horniana''
Rochebrune Rochebrune may refer to the following places in France:
* Rochebrune, Hautes-Alpes, a commune in the department of Hautes-Alpes
* Rochebrune, Drôme, a commune in the department of Drôme
* Pic de Rochebrune, a mountain of Cottian Alps
* Pic ...
, 1889
* † ''
Tonicia pannonica''
Szőts, 1953
* ''
Tonicia rubridens''
Pilsbry, 1892
* ''
Tonicia schrammi''
(Shuttleworth, 1856)
* ''
Tonicia smithi''
Leloup, 1980
* ''
Tonicia swainsoni''
Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832
Synonyms
* ''Tonicia atrata''
Hutton, 1880: synonym of ''Plaxiphora (Plaxiphora) aurata''
(Spalowsky, 1795) represented as ''
Plaxiphora aurata
''Plaxiphora aurata'' is a species of chiton in the family Mopaliidae
Mopaliidae is a family of marine molluscs in the class
Class, Classes, or The Class may refer to:
Common uses not otherwise categorized
* Class (biology), a taxonomic ...
''
(Spalowsky, 1795) (invalid: junior homonym of ''Tonicia atrata''
(G.B. Sowerby II, 1840); ''Tonicia subatrata''
Pilsbry, 1893 is a replacement name)
* ''Tonicia boetica''
Pilsbry, 1893: synonym of ''Tonicia atrata''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1840)
* ''Tonicia calbucensis''
Plate, 1898: synonym of ''Tonicia lebruni''
Rochebrune, 1884: synonym of ''
Tonicia argyrosticta''
(Philippi, 1845)
* ''Tonicia atrata''
Hutton, 1880: synonym of ''Plaxiphora (Plaxiphora) aurata''
(Spalowsky, 1795) represented as ''
Plaxiphora aurata
''Plaxiphora aurata'' is a species of chiton in the family Mopaliidae
Mopaliidae is a family of marine molluscs in the class
Class, Classes, or The Class may refer to:
Common uses not otherwise categorized
* Class (biology), a taxonomic ...
''
(Spalowsky, 1795) (invalid: junior homonym of ''Tonicia atrata''
(G.B. Sowerby II, 1840); ''Tonicia subatrata''
Pilsbry, 1893 is a replacement name)
* ''Tonicia boetica''
Pilsbry, 1893: synonym of ''Tonicia atrata''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1840)
* ''Tonicia elegans''
Frembly, 1827: synonym of ''
Tonicia chilensis''
(Frembly, 1827)
* ''Tonicia fastigiata''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1840): synonym of ''Tonicia atrata''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1840)
* T''onicia fontainei''
Rochebrune, 1882: synonym of ''
Ischnochiton punctulatissimus''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
* ''Tonicia fremblyana''
, 1956: synonym of ''
Tonicia chilensis''
(Frembly, 1827)
* ''Tonicia gambiensis''
Rochebrune, 1881: synonym of ''Chaetopleura (Chaetopleura) gambiensis''
(Rochebrune, 1881) represented as ''
Chaetopleura gambiensis''
(Rochebrune, 1881) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia gaudichaudi''
Rochebrune, 1884: synonym of ''
Ischnochiton punctulatissimus''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1832)
* ''Tonicia greyi''
Filhol, 1880: synonym of ''
Ischnochiton circumvallatus
''Ischnochiton circumvallatus'' is a common medium-sized species of chiton in the family Ischnochitonidae, endemic to the southern South Island and the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand
New Zealand () is an island country in the sout ...
''
(Reeve, 1847)
* Tonicia hullianus Torr, 1911: synonym of Lucilina hulliana (Torr, 1911) (original combination)
* ''
Tonicia indica''
Leloup, 1981: synonym of ''Tonicia (Lucilina) carnosa''
Kaas, 1979: synonym of ''
Lucilina carnosa''
(Kaas, 1979) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia jugosulcata''
Pilsbry, 1893: synonym of ''
Lucilina truncata
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of '' Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucili ...
''
(G. B. Sowerby II, 1841)
* ''Tonicia lebruni''
de Rochebrune, 1884: synonym of ''
Tonicia argyrosticta''
(Philippi, 1845)
* ''Tonicia martiali''
Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: synonym of ''
Nuttallochiton martiali''
(Rochebrune, 1889) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia mixta''
Dall, 1919: synonym of ''Chaetopleura (Pallochiton) lanuginosa mixta''
(Dall, 1919) represented as ''Chaetopleura lanuginosa mixta''
(Dall, 1919) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia novemrugata''
Bergenhayn, 1930: synonym of ''
Lucilina novemrugata''
(Bergenhayn, 1930) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia pectinoides''
Sykes, 1903: synonym of ''
Lucilina pectinoides''
(Sykes, 1903) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia perligera''
(Thiele, 1909): synonym of ''
Lucilina perligera''
Thiele, 1909 (incorrect placement)
* ''Tonicia polyomma''
Bergenhayn, 1932: synonym of ''
Lucilina polyomma
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of '' Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucili ...
''
(Bergenhayn, 1932) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia prashadi''
Leloup, 1937: synonym of ''Tonicia pectinoides''
Sykes, 1903: synonym of ''
Lucilina pectinoides''
(Sykes, 1903)
* ''Tonicia ptygmata''
Rochebrune, 1884: synonym of ''
Lucilina sueziensis
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of '' Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucili ...
''
(Reeve, 1847)
* ''Tonicia reticulata''
Nierstrasz, 1905: synonym of ''
Lucilina reticulata
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of '' Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucili ...
''
(Nierstrasz, 1905) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia rubiginosa''
F. W. Hutton, 1872: synonym of ''
Notoplax rubiginosa
''Notoplax rubiginosa'' is a species of chiton in the family Acanthochitonidae, native to New Zealand. The species grows to long and wide. ''N. rubiginosa'' is known as the most common chiton from the Plio-Pleistocene in fossil records of New Z ...
''
(F. W. Hutton, 1872) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia sowerbyi''
Nierstrasz, 1905: synonym of ''
Lucilina sowerbyi
''Lucilina'' is a genus of chiton, polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of ''Tonicia''.
Species
* ''Lucilina amanda''
* ''Lucilina carnosa''
* ''Luc ...
''
(Nierstrasz, 1905) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia subatrata''
Pilsbry, 1893: synonym of ''Plaxiphora (Plaxiphora) aurata''
(Spalowsky, 1795) represented as ''
Plaxiphora aurata
''Plaxiphora aurata'' is a species of chiton in the family Mopaliidae
Mopaliidae is a family of marine molluscs in the class
Class, Classes, or The Class may refer to:
Common uses not otherwise categorized
* Class (biology), a taxonomic ...
''
(Spalowsky, 1795)
* ''Tonicia suezensis'' ; auct.: synonym of ''
Lucilina sueziensis
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of '' Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucili ...
''
(Reeve, 1847) (incorrect spelling)
* ''Tonicia tydemani''
Nierstrasz, 1905: synonym of ''
Lucilina tydemani
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of '' Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucili ...
''
(Nierstrasz, 1905) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia variegata''
Nierstrasz, 1905: synonym of ''
Lucilina variegata
''Lucilina'' is a genus of polyplacophoran molluscs. It includes species known from fossil remains, as well as living species. It is often considered a subgenus of '' Tonicia''.
Species
* '' Lucilina amanda''
* '' Lucilina carnosa''
* '' Lucili ...
''
(Nierstrasz, 1905) (original combination)
* ''Tonicia zigzag''
Hutton, 1872: synonym of ''
Plaxiphora caelata''
(Reeve, 1847)
References
External links
Pilsbry, H. A. (1898). Notes on a few chitons. The Nautilus. 12(5): 50-51Discover Life
{{Authority control
Chitonidae
Taxa named by John Edward Gray