Thomas Robert Frame (born 7 October 1962) is an Australian academic, author and
Anglican
Anglicanism, also known as Episcopalianism in some countries, is a Western Christianity, Western Christian tradition which developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the ...
priest. He was formerly the
Anglican Bishop to the Australian Defence Force from 2001 to 2007.
Early life
Frame was born in
Stanmore, New South Wales
Stanmore is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia 3 kilometres south west of the Sydney central business district. It is part of the Local government in Australia, local government area of the Inner West Coun ...
, and raised in
Wollongong
Wollongong ( ; Dharawal: ''Woolyungah'') is a city located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. The name is believed to originate from the Dharawal language, meaning either 'five islands/clouds', 'ground near water' or 'sound ...
by his
adoptive
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from ...
parents. He was educated at West Wollongong Infants School (1968–70), West Wollongong Primary School (1971–74, awarded dux in 1974) and Wollongong High School (1975–78).
Career
Naval career
Frame joined the
Royal Australian Naval College, HMAS ''Creswell'' as a 16-year-old junior entry cadet
midshipman
A midshipman is an officer of the lowest Military rank#Subordinate/student officer, rank in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Royal Cana ...
in January 1979. Later that year, he was assigned to the destroyer escort as a junior officer under training, where he earned his helmsman's certificate. He graduated from the RAN College in December 1983. Frame completed his studies in Chinese history and economics at the
University of New South Wales
The University of New South Wales (UNSW) is a public research university based in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was established in 1949.
The university comprises seven faculties, through which it offers bachelor's, master's and docto ...
, graduating with Bachelor of Arts (Honours), and the inaugural W.J. Liu Memorial Prize for Excellence in Chinese Studies in 1984.
Frame was the inaugural Summer Vacation Scholar at the
Australian War Memorial
The Australian War Memorial (AWM) is a national war memorial, war museum, museum and archive dedicated to all Australians who died as a result of war, including peacekeeping duties. The AWM is located in Campbell, Australian Capital Territory, C ...
in 1985, then completed his training aboard and . He was then assigned to the shore establishment as an instructor. While there, he took on additional duty as director of the base's museum, also working as a consultant for the
Australian National Maritime Museum
The Australian National Maritime Museum (ANMM) is a Australian government, federally operated maritime museum in Darling Harbour, Sydney. After considering the idea of establishing a maritime museum, the federal government announced that a nation ...
and studying for a Diploma in Education from the
University of Melbourne
The University of Melbourne (colloquially known as Melbourne University) is a public university, public research university located in Melbourne, Australia. Founded in 1853, it is Australia's second oldest university and the oldest in the state ...
.
Frame was appointed research officer to the
Chief of Naval Staff at Navy Office, Canberra in April 1988. Two years later he undertook study in military history at the
Australian Defence Force Academy
The Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) is a tri-service military academy that provides military and Tertiary education in Australia, academic education for junior officers of the Australian Defence Force in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) ...
leading to the award of a PhD in October 1991, taking as his thesis topic the
''Melbourne''-''Voyager'' collision. He served as a staff officer at Headquarters,
Australian Defence Force
The Australian Defence Force (ADF) is the Armed forces, military organisation responsible for the defence of Australia and its national interests. It consists of three branches: the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), Australian Army and the Royal Aus ...
, before completing full-time naval service in November 1992 and resigning his commission in 1997.
Clerical career
Frame completed a
Master of Theology degree with a thesis entitled "The Delphic Sword: Reconciling Christianity and Military Service in Australia" in June 1993. He trained for the
priesthood in the
Anglican Church of Australia
The Anglican Church of Australia, originally known as the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania, is a Christian church in Australia and an autonomous church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. In 2016, responding to a peer-reviewed study ...
in the
Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn.
He was
ordained
Ordination is the process by which individuals are Consecration in Christianity, consecrated, that is, set apart and elevated from the laity class to the clergy, who are thus then authorized (usually by the religious denomination, denominationa ...
in December 1993 and appointed curate of St John's Church in
Wagga Wagga
Wagga Wagga (; informally called Wagga) is a major regional city in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. Straddling the Murrumbidgee River, with an urban population of more than 57,003 as of 2021, it is an important agricultural, m ...
and a visiting scholar at
Charles Sturt University
Charles Sturt University is an Australian multi-campus public university located in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory and Victoria, Australia, Victoria. Established in 1989, it was named in honour of Captain (British Army and Royal ...
. In November 1995, he was inducted as
rector of St James' Church, Binda.
From 1996 to 1997, he took leave in England and completed a
Master of Arts
A Master of Arts ( or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated MA or AM) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. Those admitted to the degree have ...
(Honours) in applied theology at the
University of Kent
The University of Kent (formerly the University of Kent at Canterbury, abbreviated as UKC) is a Collegiate university, collegiate public university, public research university based in Kent, United Kingdom. The university was granted its roya ...
in
Canterbury
Canterbury (, ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, in the county of Kent, England; it was a county borough until 1974. It lies on the River Stour, Kent, River Stour. The city has a mild oceanic climat ...
as the
Lucas Tooth Scholar and ministered in the United
Benefice
A benefice () or living is a reward received in exchange for services rendered and as a retainer for future services. The Roman Empire used the Latin term as a benefit to an individual from the Empire for services rendered. Its use was adopted by ...
of
Hever,
Four Elms
Four Elms is a village within the civil parish of Hever in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. The village is located on a crossroads between Edenbridge and Sevenoaks, two miles (3.2 km) northeast of the former place.
The church wa ...
and
Markbeech
Markbeech (sometimes styled Mark Beech)'A Vision of Britain Through Time: History oMark Beech, Kent'/ref> is a village in the civil parish of Hever in the Sevenoaks district of Kent, England. The village is located on the northern ridges of th ...
in the
Diocese of Rochester
The Diocese of Rochester is a Church of England diocese in the English county of Kent and the Province of Canterbury. The cathedral church of the diocese is Rochester Cathedral in the former city of Rochester. The bishop's Latin episcopal si ...
.
He became rector of St Philip's Church,
Bungendore
Bungendore is a town in the Queanbeyan Region of New South Wales, Australia, in Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council. It is on the Kings Highway, Australia, Kings Highway near Lake George, New South Wales, Lake George, the Molonglo River Valle ...
, in January 1999 and was appointed lecturer (half-time) in public theology at
St Mark's National Theological Centre in June 2000. He was also a visiting fellow in the School of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Australian National University from 1999 to 2003.
On 28 June 2001, he was consecrated a bishop and became the first full-time Anglican bishop to the
Australian Defence Force
The Australian Defence Force (ADF) is the Armed forces, military organisation responsible for the defence of Australia and its national interests. It consists of three branches: the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), Australian Army and the Royal Aus ...
. He was the youngest Anglican bishop in Australia when consecrated and the fifth youngest in the nation's history. He was patron of the Armed Forces Federation of Australia (2002–06) and a member of the council of the Australian War Memorial (2004–07). He was judged the Inaugural Prime Minister's Prize for Australian History in 2007. Although approached to participate in several diocesan episcopal election processes, he never accepted candidacy.
Academic career
Frame resigned as Anglican Bishop to the Australian Defence Force in November 2006 to become Director of St Mark's National Theological Centre at
Barton in
Canberra
Canberra ( ; ) is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the Federation of Australia, federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's list of cities in Australia, largest in ...
, the administrative headquarters of the School of Theology of
Charles Sturt University
Charles Sturt University is an Australian multi-campus public university located in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory and Victoria, Australia, Victoria. Established in 1989, it was named in honour of Captain (British Army and Royal ...
with the title of Professor. He was head of the CSU School of Theology from November 2006 to June 2008. He completed his directorship of St Mark's in January 2014.
In July 2014, Frame was appointed Director of the Australian Centre for the Study of Armed Conflict and Society (ACSACS) at the University of New South Wales, Canberra, and commissioned to produce a 50th anniversary history of the relationship between the University and the Department of Defence. In July 2017, he was appointed the inaugural director of the Howard Library (located at Old Parliament House, Canberra) and the Public Leadership Research Group. He relinquished directorship of the Howard Library in June 2020. In July 2020, he was commissioned by the Chief of the Defence Force to produce a major study of allegations of misconduct by Australian Special Forces personnel in Afghanistan, 2005-2013. 'Veiled Valour' was published by UNSW Press in June 2022.
Frame retired from UNSW Canberra in June 2023.
Personal life
In 2010, Frame relocated to a rural property adjacent to the village of
Tarago (north-east of Canberra) where he is engaged in small-scale beef production. Since 2012 he has been the honorary priest-in-charge of the Mulwaree Anglican Mission District consisting of churches at
Lake Bathurst, Tarago and
Currawang. In 2018 he chose to relinquish episcopal orders voluntarily after concluding that the episcopate was not a permanent order of ministry.
Frame was awarded the
Centenary Medal
The Centenary Medal is an award which was created by the Australian Government in 2001. It was established to commemorate the centenary of the Federation of Australia and to recognise "people who made a contribution to Australian society or g ...
in 2001 for services to the Australian Defence Force and appointed a
Member of the Order of Australia
The Order of Australia is an Australian honours and awards system, Australian honour that recognises Australian citizens and other persons for outstanding achievement and service. It was established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Monarch ...
in the
2019 Queen's Birthday Honours for his services to higher education, the Anglican Church, and to the community.
Publications
Frame is the author, co-author or editor of more than 50 books, including:
* ''The Garden Island'' (1990)
* He was convenor of the first Australian Naval History Seminar and co-edited its proceedings ''Reflections on the RAN'' (1991)
* ''Where Fate Calls: The HMAS Voyager Tragedy'' (1992)
n which the 1992 Australian Broadcasting Corporation's ''Four Corners (Australian TV program)">Four Corners
Four Corners is a region of the Southwestern United States consisting of the southwestern corner of Colorado, southeastern corner of Utah, northeastern corner of Arizona, and northwestern corner of New Mexico. Most of the Four Corners regio ...
'' television documentary "The Cruel Legacy" was based]
* ''Pacific Partners: A History of Australian-American Naval Relations'' (1992)
* ''HMAS Sydney: Loss and Controversy'' (1993) (on which the 1993 Nine Network, Channel 9 television documentary ''No Survivors'' was based]
* ''Binding Ties: an experience of adoption and reunion in Australia'' (1999),
* "The Shores of Gallipoli: Naval Aspects of the Anzac Campaign" (2000)
* "A Church for a Nation: The History of the Anglican Diocese of Canberra & Goulburn" (2000)
* "Mutiny! Naval Insurrections in Australia and New Zealand" (2001)
* "Anglicanism in Australia: A History" (2002)
* "No Pleasure Cruise: The Story of the Royal Australian Navy" (2004)
* "Living by the Sword? The Ethics of Armed Intervention'' (2004)
* "The Life and Death of Harold Holt" (2005)
* "The Cruel Legacy: The HMAS Voyager Tragedy" (2005)
* "Church and State: Australia's Imaginary Wall" (2006)
* "Agendas for Australian Anglicanism: Essays in Honour of Bruce Kaye" (2006)
* "Anglicans in Australia" (2007)
* "Children on Demand: The Ethics of Defying Nature" (2008)
* "HMAS Sydney: Australia's Greatest Naval Tragedy" (2008)
* "Evolution in the Antipodes: Charles Darwin and Australia" (2009)
* "Losing My Religion: Unbelief in Australia" (2009)
* "Called to Minister: Vocational Discernment in the Contemporary Church" (2010)
* "The RAN in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic" (2014)
* "Moral Injury: Unseen Wounds in an Age of Barbarism" (2015)
* "On Ops: Lessons and Challenges for the Australian Army since East Timor (2016)
* "The Ascent to Power: the Howard Government, Vol. I, 1996" (2017)
* "Widening Minds: UNSW and the Education of Australia's Defence Leaders" (2018)
* "Harold Holt and the Liberal Imagination" (2018)
* "Back from the Brink: the Howard Government, Vol. II, 1997-2001" (2018)
* "Gun Control: What Australia got right (and wrong)" (2019)
* "Trials and Transformations: the Howard Government, Vol. III, 2001-2004" (2019)
* "Philip Ruddock and the Politics of Compassion" (2020)
* "An Australian Nuclear Industry: Starting with Submarines?" (2020)
* "The Desire for Change: the Howard Government, Vol. IV, 2004-2007" (2020)
* "Veiled Valour: Australian Special Forces in Afghanistan and War Crimes Allegations" (2022)
* "A Very Proper Man: the Life of Tony Eggleton" (2022)
He co-wrote:
* "First In, Last Out! The Navy at
" (1990)
* "Where the Rivers Run: A History of the Anglican Parish of Wagga Wagga" (1995)
* "Labouring in Vain: A History of Bishopthorpe" (1996)
* "The Seven Churches of Binda: the history of an Anglican rural parish" (1998)
* "Stromlo: An Australian Observatory" (2003)
* "Defining Convictions and Decisive Commitments: The 39 Articles in Contemporary Anglicanism" (2010)