Tom Christopher
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Tom Christopher (born 1952) is an American painter known for his
expressionist Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it rad ...
urban paintings and murals, mostly of New York City. Christopher began as a commercial artist, and has become internationally recognized with galleries and exhibitions in France, Germany and Japan.


Life and art


Early life and work

Christopher was born in
Hollywood Hollywood usually refers to: * Hollywood, Los Angeles, a neighborhood in California * Hollywood, a metonym for the cinema of the United States Hollywood may also refer to: Places United States * Hollywood District (disambiguation) * Hollywood ...
, California. He initially studied at the
Pasadena Museum of California Art The Pasadena Museum of California Art (PMCA) was an art museum located in Pasadena, California, United States, showcasing art and design originating from California. The museum was founded by long-time Pasadena residents and art collectors Robert ...
in 1974. He then went
Art Center College of Design The ArtCenter College of Design is a private art college in Pasadena, California. It was incorporated in 1930 as a degree-granting institution of higher learning in the US created specifically for students of both the visual arts and design. ...
in
Pasadena Pasadena ( ) is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, northeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is the most populous city and the primary cultural center of the San Gabriel Valley. Old Pasadena is the city's original commercial d ...
to receive his Bachelor in Fine Arts in 1979 where he studied with the noted California artists
Lorser Feitelson Lorser Feitelson (1898–1978) was an artist known as one of the founding fathers of Southern California–based hard-edge painting. Born in Savannah, Georgia, Feitelson was raised in New York City, where his family relocated shortly after his b ...
and
Ward Kimball Ward Walrath Kimball (March 4, 1914 – July 8, 2002) was an American animator employed by Walt Disney Animation Studios. He was part of Walt Disney's main team of animators, known collectively as Disney's Nine Old Men. His films have been honor ...
. He supported himself during school by doing drawings at
Disney The Walt Disney Company, commonly referred to as simply Disney, is an American multinational mass media and entertainment industry, entertainment conglomerate (company), conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios (Burbank), Walt Di ...
in
Anaheim Anaheim ( ) is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States, part of the Greater Los Angeles area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 346,824, making it the most populous city in Orange County, the tenth-most ...
. Christopher grew up "in the LA hot rod / skateboard culture" which influenced his art. Christopher started his art career with commercial art in California. His first work was for
CBS Records CBS Records may refer to: * CBS Records, a former name of Sony Music, a global music company * CBS/Sony, a former name of Sony Music Entertainment Japan, a Japanese music company division of Sony * CBS Records International, a label for Columbia Re ...
. He received a gold record for his work on promotional posters. He also worked for
Motor Trend magazine ''Motor Trend'' is an American automobile magazine. It first appeared in September 1949, and designated the first Car of the Year, also in 1949. Petersen Publishing Company in Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles published ''Motor Trend'' until ...
with photographer Bill Claxton depicting the Las Vegas Grand Prix and Mille Miglia races. In 1981 he moved to New York City, and worked for the
New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
,
People The term "the people" refers to the public or Common people, common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. I ...
,
Fortune Fortune may refer to: General * Fortuna or Fortune, the Roman goddess of luck * Luck * Wealth * Fate * Fortune, a prediction made in fortune-telling * Fortune, in a fortune cookie Arts and entertainment Film and television * ''The Fortune'' (19 ...
and
Wall Street Journal ''The Wall Street Journal'' (''WSJ''), also referred to simply as the ''Journal,'' is an American newspaper based in New York City. The newspaper provides extensive coverage of news, especially business and finance. It operates on a subscriptio ...
, as well as a courtroom artist for
CBS news CBS News is the news division of the American television and radio broadcaster CBS. It is headquartered in New York City. CBS News television programs include ''CBS Evening News'', ''CBS Mornings'', news magazine programs ''CBS News Sunday Morn ...
, covering trials as diverse as
John Lennon John Winston Ono Lennon (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer-songwriter, musician and activist. He gained global fame as the founder, co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the Beatles. Lennon's ...
's shooter and "The Diet Doc Killer"
Jean Harris Jean Struven Harris (April 27, 1923 – December 23, 2012) was the headmistress of The Madeira School for girls in McLean, Virginia, who made national news in the early 1980s when she was tried and convicted of the murder of her ex-lover, Herm ...
.


Transition to fine art

Christopher began creating fine art in the mid 80's painting household objects and tools on a "Brobdingnagian scale" in addition to making cast-iron sculptures, which were featured "in galleries in the East Village". These works were most notably featured in
Socrates Sculpture Park Socrates Sculpture Park is an outdoor museum and public park where artists can create and exhibit sculptures and multi-media installations. It is located one block from the Noguchi Museum at the intersection of Broadway and Vernon Boulevard in ...
, Oil and Steel Gallery (L.I.C. NY 1992) and the "Tools as Art: The Hechinger Collection" at
National Building Museum The National Building Museum is a museum of architecture, design, engineering, construction, and urban planning in Northwest Washington, D.C., U.S. It was created by an act of Congress in 1980, and is a private non-profit institution. Located at ...
Washington D.C. (1990s).


Transition to current style

The early 1990s also marked the start of Tom Christopher's signature NYC paintings. The first gallery to feature this was the Saint Marks Gallery in 1990. After receiving more success and reception with this style, he slowly switched to primarily this style in the 90's, and "Now his subject matter is largely focused on the streets of New York." Christopher’s work is shown internationally in Europe and Japan. He currently works out of his studio, Lift Trucks Project in
North Salem, New York North Salem is a Administrative divisions of New York#Town, town in the northeastern section of Westchester County, New York, Westchester County, New York (state), New York, United States. The town, incorporated in 1788, is a suburb of New York ...
. Most paintings are exhibited overseas to international art fairs and galleries in
Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main () is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Hesse. Its 773,068 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the List of cities in Germany by population, fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located in the forela ...
, Paris,
Osaka is a Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan, designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the List of cities in Japan, third-most populous city in J ...
and Tokyo.


Projects


Set Design for "Satchmo at the Waldorf"

The Schoolhouse Theater launched its landmark 40th season with Satchmo at the Waldorf, a one-man play about the legendary jazz musician Louis Armstrong. Directed by Schoolhouse’s Producing Director Bram Lewis this production explores the highs and lows of Armstrong’s groundbreaking career and personal struggles
Broadway World
has called Tom Christopher’s set design “stylistically smart.” which "qualifies as a synonym for genius."


A Mural for the Katonah Museum of Art

Tom Christopher collaborated with 13 art students to create a mural for the Katonah Museum to celebrate its 40th anniversary. Christopher summed it up this way: “This project was to create a mural expressing the dreams of 13 artists at age 40. Where do they see themselves at that age? Distill this thought to a single object that would express the thought or something they might carry with them into the future. We will paint that image over an expressionistic background in the lobby of the museum.”


Virtual reality fine art installations

Partnering with the Fashion Institute of Technology's Department of Fine Art Media Laboratory, Tom Christopher and students from FIT will create three Bronx-specifi
VR experiences
for the Montefiore Medical Center. Patients wil
experience
the environment seeking to diminish anxiety, pain and opioid addiction through stimulus-rich, curated artistic environments. The FIT Exhibition: The Future Is Immersive has featured some of Tom Christopher's work. The first of three projects is a virtual city block, made up of elements from different streets to create a "virtual" city block typical of the South Bronx. Christopher and students sketched on site and took photographs which were used to make preliminary drawings before translating via Tilt Brush into a virtual 3D canvas. "The process allows you to blow it up to the size of a billboard, or shrink it to the size of an ant. Walk through or around or hover from above.


Paseo Caribe Mural Project

In 2016 Tom Christopher collaborated with art students from Escuela de Artes Plásticas y Diseño to create a public space mural. Originally in the El Mercado public square, these murals are in the process of being transferred to the Luis Munoz International Airport, San Juan.


Brill Building

In the summer of 2014, Tom Christopher and Oscar Andy Hammerstein took a studio residence in the
Brill Building The Brill Building is an office building at 1619 Broadway on 49th Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, just north of Times Square and farther uptown from the historic musical Tin Pan Alley neighborhood. The Brill Building hous ...
windows during its renovations. The art project was conducted as an installation and an inside look into the artistic process. The subject matter was Times Square and the streets of New York City.


Printmaking

Christopher has been experimenting with
collage Collage (, from the , "to glue" or "to stick together") is a technique of art creation, primarily used in the visual arts, but in music too, by which art results from an assembly of different forms, thus creating a new whole. (Compare with pasti ...
-style paintings and
silkscreen Screen printing is a printing technique where a mesh is used to transfer ink (or dye) onto a substrate, except in areas made impermeable to the ink by a blocking stencil. A blade or squeegee is moved across the screen in a "flood stroke" ...
s that utilize multiple images and layers with Master Printer Gary Lichtenstein. They had a show together at
Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum is located in Ridgefield, Connecticut. The Aldrich has no permanent collection and is the only museum in Connecticut that is dedicated solely to the exhibition of contemporary art. The museum presents the first ...
,
Ridgefield, Connecticut Ridgefield is an affluent New England town, town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. Situated in the foothills of the Berkshire Mountains and on the New York state border, Ridgefield had a population o ...
entitled "35 Years of Screenprinting".


Lift Trucks Project

In 2010 Christopher founded Lift Trucks Project in
Croton Falls, New York North Salem is a town in the northeastern section of Westchester County, New York, United States. The town, incorporated in 1788, is a suburb of New York City, located approximately 50 miles north of Midtown Manhattan. As of the 2020 census, N ...
. It is an alternative art space with exhibitions featuring works from FA-Q,
Christo Christo Vladimirov Javacheff (1935–2020) and Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebon (1935–2009), known as Christo and Jeanne-Claude, were artists noted for their large-scale, site-specific environmental installations, often large landmarks a ...
,
Ottmar Hoerl Othmar, also spelled Otmar or Ottmar, is a masculine German given name, derived from the Germanic name ''Audamar'', from the elements ''aud'' "wealth, prosperity" and ''mar'' "fame". Notable people with the name include: *Saint Othmar, medieval ...
,
Ed Roth Ed "Big Daddy" Roth (March 4, 1932 – April 4, 2001) was an American artist, cartoonist, illustrator, pinstriper and custom car designer and builder who created the hot rod icon Rat Fink and other characters. Roth was a key figure i ...
("Big Daddy"),
A. R. Penck Ralf Winkler, alias A. R. Penck, who also used the pseudonyms ''Mike Hammer'', ''T. M.'', ''Mickey Spilane'', ''Theodor Marx'', "''a. Y.''" or just "''Y''" (5 October 1939 – 2 May 2017) was a German painter, printmaker, sculptor ...
,
Sailor Jerry Norman Keith Collins (January 14, 1911 – June 12, 1973), known popularly as Sailor Jerry, was a prominent American tattoo artist in Hawaii who was well known for his tattoo designs. Early life Norman Keith Collins was born on January 14, 19 ...
, and others.


Classifications

Christopher is known for his New York City urban paintings. Most of the work is painted using small-batch, handmade acrylic paint. Pencil lines from the initial exploratory sketch stage often remain on the white canvass. His typical images include cabbies, delivery men, skylines, and chaotic New York City scenes. His work is usually done with acrylic paint in an
expressionist Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it rad ...
style.


Critical reception

Christopher is most notable in the New York City art scene, with mostly positive reviews from sources such as ''
The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
''. One article features a quote by former NYC Mayor
Rudolph Giuliani Rudolph William Louis Giuliani ( , ; born May 28, 1944) is an American politician and disbarred lawyer who served as the 107th mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001. He previously served as the United States Associate Attorney General fr ...
, who stated "Tom has an uncanny talent for capturing the essence of New York City from the perspective of those who have enjoyed the sights of the city on foot." He has also received acclaim through his museum exhibitions: he was included in the 1999 "New, New York Views" exhibition at
Museum of the City of New York The Museum of the City of New York (MCNY) is a history and art museum in Manhattan, New York City, New York. It was founded by Henry Collins Brown, in 1923Beard, Rick. "Museum of the City of New York" in to preserve and present the history ...
, and recently had a "Metropolis" exhibition at
Butler Institute of American Art The Butler Institute of American Art (BIAA), located on Wick Avenue in Youngstown, Ohio, United States, was the first museum dedicated exclusively to American art. Established by local industrialist and philanthropist Joseph G. Butler, Jr., the ...
. The Butler Institute of American Art Director and Chief Curator Dr. Louis A. Zona stated that Christopher "...has bridged the gap between pure narrative painting and
expressionist Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it rad ...
abstraction Abstraction is a process where general rules and concepts are derived from the use and classifying of specific examples, literal (reality, real or Abstract and concrete, concrete) signifiers, first principles, or other methods. "An abstraction" ...
. He has become to American painting what
Count Basie William James "Count" Basie (; August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. In 1935, he formed the Count Basie Orchestra, and in 1936 took them to Chicago for a long engagement and the ...
or
Duke Ellington Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was an American Jazz piano, jazz pianist, composer, and leader of his eponymous Big band, jazz orchestra from 1924 through the rest of his life. Born and raised in Washington, D ...
became to American popular music, not completely
jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its roots are in blues, ragtime, European harmony, African rhythmic rituals, spirituals, h ...
but certainly owing much to
Charlie Parker Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 – March 12, 1955), nicknamed "Bird" or "Yardbird", was an American jazz Saxophone, saxophonist, bandleader, and composer. Parker was a highly influential soloist and leading figure in the development of beb ...
and
Charlie Mingus Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered one of the greatest jazz musicians and com ...
."


Commercial applications

Ikepod Watch has started a Tom Christopher Art Series to compliment past collaborations with artists Jeff Koons and pop arts KAWS. Tom Christopher and watchmaker Ikepod have collaborated on new models featuring Christopher's work on the watch face by designer
Marc Newson Marc Andrew Newson (born 20 October 1963) is an Australian industrial designer, creative director, and artist who has worked in many industry sectors including furniture, product, and transportation design, luxury goods, fashion, and fine art ...
. A clothing line by Illusions was introduced in 2020. In 2019 Christopher's studio and flash art collection was featured on
American Pickers ''American Pickers'' (or also known as ''The Pickers'' for international broadcasts) is an American reality television series that premiered on January 18, 2010, on the History Channel, produced by A&E Networks in collaboration with Cineflix Me ...
. Christopher has done work on a line of clothing with
Urban Outfitters Urban Outfitters, Inc. (URBN) is a multinational lifestyle retail corporation headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Operating in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, select Western European countries, Poland, the United Arab Em ...
and
Nordstroms Nordstrom, Inc. () is an American luxury department store chain headquartered in Seattle, Washington, and founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin in 1901. The original store operated exclusively as a shoe store, and a second location o ...
entitled "Threads 4 Thought". He also was commissioned by
Michel Roux Michel Roux, OBE (; 19 April 1941 – 11 March 2020), also known as Michel Roux Snr., was a French chef and restaurateur working in Britain. Along with his brother Albert Roux, Albert, he opened Le Gavroche, which subsequently became the first ...
for the "Absolut Collection" for Absolut Vodka and was included in the "Absolut Book" by Richard Lewis. Christopher has also designed a "Cruzer" line of snowboards for
Burton Snowboards Burton Snowboards is a privately-owned snowboard manufacturing company that was founded by Jake Burton Carpenter in 1977. The company specializes in products aimed at snowboarders, such as snowboards, bindings, boots, outerwear, and accessor ...
. In addition, he was commissioned to paint an oversized baseball for the
New York Yankees The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the Boroughs of New York City, New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Am ...
for their 2000 game against the
Atlanta Braves The Atlanta Braves are an American professional baseball team based in the Atlanta metropolitan area. The Braves compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (baseball), National League (NL) National League Eas ...
.


Exhibitions

Selected solo exhibitions *St. Marks Gallery New York ''1990 '' *Eastmann Wahmendorf Gallery, Helio Gallery, New York ''1990'' *Tamenaga Gallery, New York: ''1993, 1994 '' *Michael Owen Gallery, New York: ''1996 '' *David Findlay Galleries, New York: ''1997, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2005'' *Galerie Tamenaga, Tokyo, Osaka: ''1997, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2007,2010'' *Galerie Tamenaga, Paris: ''1999, 2001, 2004, 2006, 2009,2011,2013,2014,2015, 2016 '' *Galerie Barbara von Stechow, Frankfurt: ''1999, 2002, 2004,2007,2009,2012,2013,2014,2015, 2016 '' *Galerie Vomel, Düsseldorf: ''2004, 2006, 2010'' *Van Brunt Gallery, Beacon, NY: ''2007 '' *
Conde Nast Conde is the Ibero-Romance form of "count" (Latin ''comitatus''). It may refer to: * Counts in Iberia *List of countships in Portugal Places United States * Conde, South Dakota, a city France * Condé-sur-l'Escaut (or simply 'Condé'), a com ...
Building, NYC Per Cent for Art Commission, ''2007'' *The Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown Ohio: ''May 2008 '' *HSBC, Trinkaus and Burkhardt, Frankfurt: ''2007'', Hamburg: ''2008 '' *J.N. Bartfield Gallery New York: ''2008, 2015, 2016 '' *
Brill Building The Brill Building is an office building at 1619 Broadway on 49th Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, just north of Times Square and farther uptown from the historic musical Tin Pan Alley neighborhood. The Brill Building hous ...
Project, New York, NY, ''2014'' *The Future is Immersive
Fashion Institute of Technology The Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) is a public college under the State University of New York, in New York City. It focuses on art, business, design, mass communication, and technology connected to the fashion industry. It was founded in ...
, New York, NY ''2019'' *The New Yorkers, a solo exhibition in Frankfurt Germany by Galerie Barbara von Stechow, 2019 *Life Before A Pandemic, an exhibition at Laverdin Gallery, 445 Park Avenue, NYC, 2020 *Tom Christopher, a solo exhibition in Frankfurt Germany by Galerie Barbara von Stechow, 2021 *Tom Christopher, a one-man exhibition at Galerie Tamenaga, 2022 *Tom Christopher, a one-man exhibition at Galerie Tamenaga, Tokyo and Osaka 2023 *Tom Christopher, a one-man exhibition at Galerie Barbara von Stechow, 2023 Selected group exhibitions *The Clocktower Center for Art & Urban Resources, New York: ''1980'' *East Village Artists, Tokyo], Japan: ''1985'' *"Tools" San Francisco Arts Commission Gallery, San Francisco: ''1988'' *Socrates Sculpture Park, Oil and Steel Gallery L.I.C. NY ''1992'' *"Kustom Kulture" The Works Gallery, Los Angeles: ''1993'' *"Cityscapes" The Roger Smith Gallery, New York: ''1993 '' *"Modern Times"
Katonah Museum of Art The Katonah Museum of Art is a non-collecting institution geared towards visual arts, located in Katonah, New York. It does not have a permanent collection, but holds temporary exhibitions. The museum was founded in 1953, in one room at the loc ...
, Katonah: ''1993'' *"New, New York Views" Museum of the City of New York City: ''1999'' *
Art Cologne Art Cologne is an art exhibition, art fair held annually in Cologne, Germany and was established in 1967 as ''Kölner Kunstmarkt''. It is regarded as the world's oldest art fair of its kind. The fair runs for six days and brings together galleries ...
, Germany, ''2000 '' *"Art for America" Benefit: Twin Towers Fund, New York: ''2002'' *"City Rhythms" Pelham Art Center, Pelham, NY: ''2002'' *"Kunstakademie, Kunsthalle Trier, Germany": ''2002'' *"Hessische Landesvertretung" Berlin: ''2004'' *"New Views: Modern NY Cityscapes" The New York Historical Society Museum: ''2004 '' *"At the Crossroads of Desire" The AXA Gallery, New York: ''2004'' *FIAC, Paris ''2005 '' *"PRINT- Andy Warhol, Ken Price, Tom Christopher" – Ward Pound Ridge, New York ''2006 '' *Galerie Mada Primavesi, Madrid: ''2007'' * 35 years of Printmaking, Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum, CT ''2010 '' * Greg Hubert Gallery, New York, NY, 2012 * Art Brussels, 2014 * Carrousel du Louvre, Paris, France 2015 * Art Karlsruhe, 2015 * Art Kunst Zurich, 2015 * Art Miami, 2016 * Art New York, 2016 * Art Karlsruhe, 2016 * Avenue of the Americans, 2016 * Contemporary Art Fair Zurich, 2017 * Art Miami, 2017 * Art Karlsruhe, 2018 * Art Fair Tokyo, 2018 * Art New York, 2018 * Art Zurich, 2018 * Art Miami, 2108 * Brussels Art Fair, 2019 * Paper Positions Art Fair, Munich, Frankfurt and Berlin, 2019 * Karlsruhe Art Fair, 2020 * Dreaming Together: New-York Historical Society and Asia Society Museum, 2020-2021 *Big City Symphony, Tom Christopher, Detlef Waschkau and Thomas Kellner, New Art Association Aschaffenburg eV 2021 *Salon Du Dessin, 2022 *Paris Gallery Weekend 2022 *Art Karlsruhe 2022 *Kunst Zürich 2022 *Art Karlsruhe 2023 *Volta Basel and New York 2023 *Art Miami 2023 *Art Karlsruhe 2024 Selected public installations *''2016'' – Paseo Caribe Mural Project, San Juan, Puerto Rico *''2012'' – NYU Langone Medical Center, Mural, "I Like New York Because Everything Interesting Can Be Found There," 10' x 30' New York City *''2006, 2007'' – Times Square Project, Times Square, New York *''2004'' – The
New York Historical Society The New York Historical (known as the New-York Historical Society from 1804 to 2024) is an American history museum and library on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. The society was founded in 1804 as New York's first museum. It ...
Museum, installation of chair, easel, and painting *''1998'' – MTA, "Art in Transit" Subway Art Series, New York *''1997'' – Roseland Mural, 30' x 230', West 53rd Street, New York (Now demolished) *1988 — "''Mason's Trowel''" automotive enamel, 20' x 65’ Socrates Sculpture Park *1988 — "''Floating I Beam''" automotive enamel,130'x 35' Socrates Sculpture Park *"''HammerBrush''" bronze, dm various


References


External links

* * http://www.ltproject.com/ltproject/Lobby_1.html {{DEFAULTSORT:Christopher, Tom 20th-century American painters American male painters 21st-century American painters 1952 births Living people Painters from California People from Hollywood, Los Angeles People from North Salem, New York 20th-century American male artists