Toksun County is a county in

Turpan Turpan () or Turfan ( zh, s=吐鲁番) is a prefecture-level city located in the east of the Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of Xinjiang, China. It has an area of and a population of 693,988 (2020). The historical center of the ...

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Xinjiang,; , SASM/GNC: previously romanized as Sinkiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Name

The term 'Toksun' means 'ninety'.

History

The Battle of Toksun took place in this county in July 1933 when Khoja Niyas Hajji, a Uighur leader, defected with his forces to Governor

Sheng Shicai Sheng Shicai ( zh, c=盛世才; 3 December 189513 July 1970) was a Chinese warlord who ruled Xinjiang from 1933 to 1944. Sheng's rise to power started with a coup d'état in 1933 when he was appointed the ''duban'' (Military Governor) of Xinjia ...

. He advanced to Toksun via Dawan Ch'eng, where the

Chinese Muslim Islam has been practiced in China since the 7th century CE.. There are an estimated 17–25 million Muslims in China, less than 2 percent of the total population. Though Hui Muslims are the most numerous group, the greatest concentration of Mu ...

forces of General Ma Shih-ming achieved victory over Niyas Hajji's forces. In December 2010, Zeng Lingquan (), who ran an adoption agency for the physically and mentally disabled with no operation license in Sichuan, was arrested. Zeng reportedly sent the mentally ill to work in a factory run by Li Xinglin () where they were enslaved and worked year round (instead of seasonally as with other local factories) in unsafe conditions at the Jia'ersi Green Construction Material Chemical Factory () in

Kümüx Kümüx, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (Kumishi; , National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency / ) is a Town (China), town in Toksun ...

. In 2017, ''

Radio Free Asia Radio Free Asia (RFA) is a news service that publishes online news, information, commentary and broadcasts radio programs for its audiences in Asia. The service, which provides editorially independent reporting, has the stated mission of pro ...

'' reported that a police officer in Toksun County had said that all Uyghurs who wished to travel abroad were required to attend political indoctrination education organized by the county government.

Geography and Climate

Toksun County's location in the bottom of the

Turpan Depression The Turpan Depression or Turfan Depression, is a fault-bounded trough located around and south of the city-oasis of Turpan, in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in far Western China, about southeast of the regional capital Ürümqi. It includes ...

and an average rainfall of just annually, the least precipitation of any area in China, make it a very hot place during summertime. The county is bordered to the south by

Yuli County Yuli County as the official Romanized name, also transliterated from Mongolian as Lopnur County (Lop Nur), is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. It ...

Administrative divisions

Toksun County is divided into 7

towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

( / ) and 1

township A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...

( / ):

Economy

Irrigation in the county is well-developed. Agricultural products of the county include sorghum, wheat, muskmelon, peanuts and cotton. Specialty products include

Hami melon ''Hami melon'' is an umbrella term for sweet melon varieties from Xinjiang, China, especially from Hami. This fruit is also referred to as the Chinese Hami melon or the snow melon. The outer color is generally white through pink or yellow thro ...

and raisins. Industries include electronics, coal, machinery, construction, etc.

Demographics

As of 2015, 96,439 of the 124,040 residents of Toksun County were

Uyghur Uyghur may refer to: * Uyghurs, a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia (West China) ** Uyghur language, a Turkic language spoken primarily by the Uyghurs *** Old Uyghur language, a different Turkic language spoken in the Uyghur K ...

, 18,600 were

Han Chinese The Han Chinese, alternatively the Han people, are an East Asian people, East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China. With a global population of over 1.4 billion, the Han Chinese are the list of contemporary ethnic groups, world's la ...

, 8,539 were

Hui The Hui people are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Chinese-speaking adherents of Islam. They are distributed throughout China, mainly in the northwestern provinces and in the Zhongyuan region. According to the 2 ...

and 462 were from other ethnic groups. As of the 2000 Census, the county counted 52,346 males and 49,804 females and 83.65% of the population of the county were from ethnic minority groups. As of 1999, 77.03% of the population of Toksun County were Uyghur and 15.51% of the population was Han Chinese.

Transportation

China National Highway 312 China National Highway 312 (312国道), also referred to as Route 312, is a key east-west route beginning in Shanghai and ending at Khorgas, Xinjiang in the Ili River valley, on the border with Kazakhstan. In total it spans , passing through Ji ...

China National Highway 314 China National Highway 314 (G314) (sometimes referred to as Gansu Provincial Highway 314) runs southwest from Urumqi, Xinjiang towards the Khunjerab Pass, which is on the northern border of the Gilgit–Baltistan territory in Pakistan-administe ...

* Southern Xinjiang railway

Notable persons

* Tömür Dawamat

Historical maps

Historical English-language maps including Toksun: File:STANFORD(1917) p61 PLATE19. SINKIANG (14597194848).jpg, Map including Toksun (labeled as Tukson) (1917) File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nk-45-3rd-ed.jpg, Map including Toksun (labeled as T'O-K'O-HSÜN) and surrounding region from the

International Map of the World The International Map of the World (IMW; also the Millionth Map of the World, after its scale of 1:1000000) was a project to create a complete map of the world according to internationally agreed standards. It was first proposed by the German g ...

(

DMA DMA may refer to: Arts * ''DMA'' (magazine), a defunct dance music magazine * Dallas Museum of Art, in Texas, US * BT Digital Music Awards, an annual event in the UK * Danish Music Awards * Detroit Music Awards * Doctor of musical arts, a degree ...

, 1975) File:Operational Navigation Chart F-7, 4th edition.jpg, From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Toksun (

, 1982) File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_f-7d.jpg, Map including Toksun (

, 1990)

Notes

References

{{Authority control County-level divisions of Xinjiang Turpan