The is a Japanese kin group. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003)
"Toki," ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 61
retrieved 2013-5-9.

History

The Toki claim descent from Minamoto no Yorimitsu and the

Seiwa Genji The is a line of the Japanese Minamoto clan that is descended from Emperor Seiwa, which is the most successful and powerful line of the clan. Many of the most famous Minamoto members, including Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Minamoto no Yoritomo, ...

. As governors of

Mino Province was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today southern Gifu Prefecture. Mino was bordered by Ōmi to the west, Echizen and Hida to the north, Shinano to the east, and Ise, Mikawa, and Owari to the south. Its abbreviated fo ...

during the

Muromachi period The , also known as the , is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573. The period marks the governance of the Muromachi or Ashikaga shogunate ( or ), which was officially established in 1338 by the first Muromachi ...

, Toki was the seat of the Toki clan.Toki City
"The Historical and Geographical Background of Mino Ware"
; retrieved 2013-5-10. The Toki founded Zen Buddhist temples, including Shōhō-ji"Toki clan" at Sengoku-expo.net
retrieved 2013-5-10. and Sōfuku-ji in the city of

Gifu is a Cities of Japan, city located in the south-central portion of Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and serves as the prefectural capital. The city has played an important role in Japan's history because of its location in the middle of the country. Durin ...

. Minamoto no Mitsunobu, a fourth generation descendant of Yorimitsu, was installed in Toki; and he took the name Toki Yorisada, whose maternal grandfather was Hōjō Sadatoki, ''

shikken The was a senior government post held by members of the Hōjō clan, officially a regent of the shogunate. From 1199 to 1333, during the Kamakura period, the ''shikken'' served as the head of the ''bakufu'' (shogun's government). This era was ref ...

'' of the

Kamakura shogunate The was the feudal military government of Japan during the Kamakura period from 1185 to 1333. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Kamakura-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 459. The Kamakura shogunate was established by Minamoto no Yori ...

, fought against the Southern Dynasty with

Ashikaga Takauji also known as Minamoto no Takauji was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Ashikaga shogunate."Ashikaga Takauji" in ''Encyclopædia Britannica, The New Encyclopædia Britannica''. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. ...

. From the

to the

Sengoku period The was the period in History of Japan, Japanese history in which civil wars and social upheavals took place almost continuously in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Kyōtoku incident (1454), Ōnin War (1467), or (1493) are generally chosen as th ...

, the Toki clan ruled Mino Province. Toki Yasuyuki was ''

shugo , commonly translated as ' ilitarygovernor', 'protector', or 'constable', was a title given to certain officials in feudal Japan. They were each appointed by the shogun to oversee one or more of the provinces of Japan. The position gave way to th ...

'' (governor) of Mino, Owari and Ise. When ''

shōgun , officially , was the title of the military rulers of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, except during parts of the Kamak ...

Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was the third '' shōgun'' of the Ashikaga shogunate, ruling from 1368 to 1394 during the Muromachi period of Japan. Yoshimitsu was Ashikaga Yoshiakira's third son but the oldest son to survive, his childhood name being Haruō (). Yoshimitsu ...

had tried to take Owari from him, Yasuyuki refused and fought for two years (1389–1391). Toki Shigeyori sided with the Yamana clan during the

Ōnin War The , also known as the Upheaval of Ōnin and Ōnin-Bunmei war, was a civil war that lasted from 1467 to 1477, during the Muromachi period in Japan. ''Ōnin'' refers to the Japanese era name, Japanese era during which the war started; the war ende ...

and, in 1487, invaded the southern part of

Ōmi Province was a Provinces of Japan, province of Japan, which today comprises Shiga Prefecture. It was one of the provinces that made up the Tōsandō Circuit (subnational entity), circuit. Its nickname is . Under the ''Engishiki'' classification system, ...

. The principal line of the Toki lost their possessions in 1542 during the civil wars that decimated Mino Province. Toki Yorinari (then governor of Mino) was defeated by

Saitō Dōsan , also known as Saitō Toshimasa (斎藤利政), was a Japanese samurai lord and daimyo during the Sengoku period.Louis-Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Saitō Dōsan"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 809. He was also known as the f ...

. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)
"Saitō Dōsan"
in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 809. Toki Sadamasa (1551–1597) earned distinction fighting in the forces of

Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (born Matsudaira Takechiyo; 31 January 1543 – 1 June 1616) was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was the third of the three "Gr ...

's army. In 1590, he was named head of Sōma Domain (10,000 ''

koku The is a Chinese-based Japanese unit of volume. One koku is equivalent to 10 or approximately , or about of rice. It converts, in turn, to 100 shō and 1,000 gō. One ''gō'' is the traditional volume of a single serving of rice (before co ...

'') in

Shimōsa Province was a province of Japan in the area of modern Chiba Prefecture and Ibaraki Prefecture as well as the bordering parts of Saitama Prefecture and Tokyo (the parts that used to be located east of the lower reaches of the old Tone River prior to the ...

). Sadamasa's son Toki Sadayoshi (1579–1618) was moved in 1617 to Takatsuki Domain (30,000 ''koku'') in

Settsu Province was a province of Japan, which today comprises the southeastern part of Hyōgo Prefecture and the northern part of Osaka Prefecture. It was also referred to as or . Osaka and Osaka Castle were the main center of the province. Most of Settsu's ...

. In 1619, his descendants were transferred to Soma; in 1627 to Kaminoyama Domain in

Dewa Province was a province of Japan comprising modern-day Yamagata Prefecture and Akita Prefecture, except for the city of Kazuno and the town of Kosaka. Dewa bordered on Mutsu and Echigō Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was . History Early per ...

; in 1712 to Tanaka Domain in

Suruga Province was an Provinces of Japan, old province in the area that is today the central part of Shizuoka Prefecture. Suruga bordered on Izu Province, Izu, Kai Province, Kai, Sagami Province, Sagami, Shinano Province, Shinano, and Tōtōmi Province, Tōtōm ...

; and finally, from 1742 to 1868 in Numata Domain (35,000 ''koku'') in (

Kōzuke Province was a Provinces of Japan, province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today Gunma Prefecture. Kōzuke bordered Echigo Province, Echigo, Shinano Province, Shinano, Musashi Province, Musashi and Shimotsuke Province, Shimotsuke Provinces. Its abb ...

Cadet branches

Several clans claim descent from the Toki, including the Asano, Akechi, Seyasu, Ibi, Hidase, Osu, Tawara, Toyama, Fumizuki and Funaki.

Select list

The first six clan heads lived in Kyoto and Settsu Tada before receiving the Mino province. The next seven clan leaders lived in Toki. Starting with Toki Yorisada, the clan heads were also the ''

'' of Mino Province.

Pre-Mino ancestors

# Emperor Seiwa (清和天皇) – the 56th Emperor of Japan # Teijun Shinoh (貞純親王) # Tsunemoto Ō (経基王) – the 6th grandson of Emperor Seiwa, Chinjufu Shogun defeated Taira Masakado # Tada Minamoto Mitsunaka (多田源満仲) – Founder of Settsu Tada Genji # Minamoto no Yorimitsu (Raikō) (源頼光) – '' Chinjufu-shōgun'', famous with Oeyama Oni Taiji and Tsuchigumo # Minamoto Yorikuni (源頼国)

Initial Mino rulers

# Minamoto no Kunifusa (源国房) # Minamoto no Mitsukuni (源光国) # Minamoto no Mitsunobu (源光信) # Minamoto no Mitsuki (源光基) # Toki Mitsuhira (土岐光衡) # Toki Mitsuyuki (土岐光行) # Toki Mitsusada (土岐光定)

''Shugo'' of Mino Province

# Toki Yorisada (土岐頼貞) (1271–1339) # Toki Yoritō (土岐頼遠) (died December 29, 1342) #

Toki Yoriyasu Toki may refer to: People * The Toki clan, a Japanese samurai clan * Luke Toki (born 1986), Australian television personality *, Japanese decathlete *, Japanese sumo wrestler * Palnatoki, a legendary Danish hero and chieftain * Toki (also spelled ...

(土岐頼康) (1318 – February 3, 1388) # Toki Yasuyuki (土岐康行) (died November 8, 1404) # Toki Yoritada (土岐頼忠) (died 1397) # Toki Yorimasu (土岐頼益) (1351–1414) # Toki Mochimasu (土岐持益) (1406–1474) # Toki Shigeyori (土岐成頼) (1442–1497) # Toki Masafusa (土岐政房) (1457 – September 12, 1519) # Toki Yoritake (土岐頼武) (1488–1536) # Toki Yorinari (土岐頼芸) (1502 – December 28, 1582) # Toki Yorizumi (土岐頼純) (1524 – December 28, 1547) # Toki Yorinari (was ''shugo'' twice)

References

{{reflist Japanese clans Minamoto clan