Tokat is a city of

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

in the mid-

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...

region of

Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

. It is the seat of

Tokat Province Tokat Province () is a province in northern Turkey. Its area is 10,042 km2, and its population is 596,454 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Amasya to the northwest, Yozgat to the southwest, Sivas to the southeast, and Ordu to the northeast. ...

and

Tokat District Tokat District (also: ''Merkez'', meaning "central" in Turkish) is a district of the Tokat Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city of Tokat.

.İl Belediyesi
Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 22 May 2023. Its population is 163,405 (2022). It is located at the confluence of the Tokat River (Tokat Suyu) with the Yeşilırmak.

History

The city was established in the Hittite era. During the time of King Mithradates VI of Pontus, it was one of his many strongholds in

Asia Minor Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

. Known as Evdokia or Eudoxia, ecclesiastically it was later incorporated into the western part of the Byzantine Greek

Empire of Trebizond The Empire of Trebizond or the Trapezuntine Empire was one of the three successor rump states of the Byzantine Empire that existed during the 13th through to the 15th century. The empire consisted of the Pontus, or far northeastern corner of A ...

. Some authors like

Guillaume de Jerphanion Guillaume de Jerphanion, born at Pontevès in 1877, died in Rome on 22 October 1948, was a French Jesuit, archaeologist and explorer of Cappadocia. Biography Source: Guillaume de Jerphanion was born on 3 March 1877, the third in a family of eig ...

and

William Mitchell Ramsay Sir William Mitchell Ramsay (15 March 185120 April 1939) was a British archaeologist and New Testament scholar. He was the foremost authority of his day on the history of Asia Minor, and a leading scholar in the study of the New Testament. R ...

identified Tokat with the ancient and medieval Dazimon, with Ramsay saying, "Dazimon, which seems to have been a fortress, must have been the modern Tokat, with its strong castle.

Henri Grégoire Henri Jean-Baptiste Grégoire (; 4 December 1750 – 28 May 1831), often referred to as the Abbé Grégoire, was a French Catholic priest, constitutional bishop of Blois and a revolutionary leader. He was an ardent slavery abolitionist and sup ...

, on the other hand, refuted this as implausible, because a 13th-century text written by

Ibn Bibi Ibn Bibi was a Persian historiographer and the author of the primary source for the history of the Seljuq Sultanate of Rum during the 13th century. He served as head of the chancellery of the Sultanate in Konya and reported on contemporary event ...

clearly distinguishes Dazimon and Tokat as separate places. Instead, he said, Tokat should be identified with the town of Dokeia () mentioned in another 10th-century text, by

Theophanes Continuatus ''Theophanes Continuatus'' () or ''Scriptores post Theophanem'' (, "those after Theophanes") is the Latin name commonly applied to a collection of historical writings preserved in the 11th-century Vat. gr. 167 manuscript.Kazhdan (1991), p. 2061 It ...

, which says that the Byzantine general

John Kourkouas John Kourkouas (, ), also transliterated as Kurkuas or Curcuas, was one of the most important generals of the Byzantine Empire. His success in battles against the Muslim states in the East reversed the course of the centuries-long Arab–Byzant ...

was born in a village near Dokeia sometime in the 9th century. According to Grégoire, the name "Dokeia" does not have a Greek etymology and probably represents an old Anatolian place name. The supposed derivation from "Eudokia", he claimed, is only a

folk etymology Folk etymology – also known as (generative) popular etymology, analogical reformation, (morphological) reanalysis and etymological reinterpretation – is a change in a word or phrase resulting from the replacement of an unfamiliar form by a mo ...

that came much later. After the

Battle of Manzikert The Battle of Manzikert or Malazgirt was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Empire on 26 August 1071 near Manzikert, Iberia (theme), Iberia (modern Malazgirt in Muş Province, Turkey). The decisive defeat of the Byzantine army ...

the town, like most of

, came under the control of the

Seljuk Turks The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids ( ; , ''Saljuqian'',) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turks, Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate society, Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persi ...

. After the death of Sultan

Suleiman ibn Qutulmish Suleiman Shah I ibn Qutalmish (; ; ) founded an independent Seljuk Turkish state in Anatolia and ruled as Seljuk Sultan of Rûm from 1077 until his death in 1086. Life Suleiman was the son of Qutalmish, who had struggled unsuccessfully agai ...

in 1086, the

Emir Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person po ...

Danishmend Gazi Danishmend Gazi (), Danishmend Taylu, or Dānishmend Aḥmed Gāzī (died 1085), was the Turkoman general of the Seljuks and later founder of the beylik of Danishmends. After the Turkic advance into Anatolia that followed the Battle of Manzike ...

took control of the area, operating from his power base in the town of Sivas. It would be many decades before the

Seljuks The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids ( ; , ''Saljuqian'',) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture. The founder of th ...

re-took control of that region, in the reign of

Kilij Arslan II Kilij Arslan II () or ʿIzz ad-Dīn Kilij Arslān ibn Masʿūd () ( Modern Turkish ''Kılıç Arslan'', meaning "Sword Lion") was a Seljuk Sultan of Rûm from 1156 until his death in 1192. Reign In 1159, Kilij Arslan attacked Byzantine emperor Ma ...

. After the

Battle of Köse Dağ The Battle of Köse Dağ took place in eastern Anatolia on 26 June 1243 when an army of the Sultanate of Rum, led by Sultan Kaykhusraw II, confronted an invading Mongol Empire, Mongol army under the general Baiju Noyan, Baiju and was decisively ...

, Seljuk hold over the region was lost, and local Emirs such as the

Eretna Ala al-Din Eretna (Old Anatolian Turkish: ; died February–August 1352) was the first sultan of the Eretnids, reigning from 1343 to 1352 in central and eastern Anatolia. Initially an officer in the service of the Ilkhanate officer Chupan and h ...

took power until the rise of the

Ottomans Ottoman may refer to: * Osman I, historically known in English as "Ottoman I", founder of the Ottoman Empire * Osman II, historically known in English as "Ottoman II" * Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empir ...

, who captured the town in 1392 under Sultan Bayazid I. On the eve of the

Armenian Genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily t ...

, Tokat's historic

Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian diaspora, Armenian communities around the ...

population stood at close to 12,000. In the spring of 1915, the Ottoman government began to round up Armenian intellectuals. In the summer began it began deporting Armenians from the city in several stages. Most of them would die on the death marches to Syria.

Climate

Tokat has a

hot-summer Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate ( ), also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen and Trewartha as ''Cs'', is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude). Such climates typic ...

, or alternatively a

continental climate Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm to hot summers and cold winters). They tend to occur in central and eastern parts of the three northern-tier continents (North America, Europe, and Asia), typi ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...

: ''Csa,'' Trewartha: ''Dc''). Due to the relatively high altitude and inland location, winters are fairly cold with average lows below the freezing point and significant snowfall. Highest recorded temperature: on 30 July 2000
Lowest recorded temperature: on 20 January 1972

Economy

Historically,

copper Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orang ...

was mined in the area. According to Greek researcher, Dimosthenis Oeconomidis (1858–1938):

Culture

Education

Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University is one of Turkey's newer tertiary institutions, founded in 1992. It was named after the local hero Gazi Osman Paşa.

Sports

Football is the most popular sport: in the older districts above the city center children often kick balls around in the evenings in the smallest streets. The city's

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kick (football), kicking a football (ball), ball to score a goal (sports), goal. Unqualified, football (word), the word ''football'' generally means the form of football t ...

club is

Tokatspor Tokatspor is a Turkish football club based in Tokat. The club, which has maroon-white White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite o ...

, which plays its games at the Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Stadium.

Basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular Basketball court, court, compete with the primary objective of #Shooting, shooting a basketball (ball), basketball (appro ...

, volleyball, tennis, swimming,

cable skiing Cable skiing is a way to water ski (or wakeboard), in which the skier's rope and handle are pulled by an electrically driven cable, whereas traditionally a waterskier is pulled by a motorboat. The mechanism consists of two cables running paral ...

(in summer), horse riding, go karting, paintballing, martial arts and many other sports are played. Cycling and jogging are only common along the sea front, where recreational fishing is also popular.

Cuisine

Foods distinctive to Tokat include Tokat kebabı and

Zile Zile, anciently known as Zela () (still as Latin Catholic titular see), is a city in Tokat Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Zile District.pekmez Pekmez (; ) is a molasses-like syrup obtained after condensing juices of fruit must, especially grape, by boiling it with a coagulant agent like wood ashes or ground carob seeds. It is used as a syrup or mixed with tahini for breakfast. ...

i, the latter being served in a wooden pot. ''Tokat kebabı'' consists of sliced lamb, aubergines, potatoes, green bell peppers and tomatoes. The slices are laid on their sides in rows in a dish and baked with cloves of garlic. ''Zile pekmezi'' is a grape-molasses confection, prepared from a variety of small green grapes, which are pressed (traditionally by foot but nowadays by machine) and then evaporated to a thick syrup by boiling. Egg-whites are then beaten into the syrup until it forms a pale marshmallow-like paste. It is sold commercially in tubs.

Tourism

The most important landmark is

Tokat Castle Tokat Castle is an ancient citadel with 28 towers built on top of a rocky peak in the center of Tokat, Turkey. While its first residents are unknown, the city's history dates back to 3,000 BC. The Hittites and Persians ruled over the area. The e ...

, an Ottoman

citadel A citadel is the most fortified area of a town or city. It may be a castle, fortress, or fortified center. The term is a diminutive of ''city'', meaning "little city", because it is a smaller part of the city of which it is the defensive core. ...

with 28 towers on a rocky hill overlooking the town.

Vlad the Impaler Vlad III, commonly known as Vlad the Impaler ( ) or Vlad Dracula (; ; 1428/31 – 1476/77), was Voivode of Wallachia three times between 1448 and his death in 1476/77. He is often considered one of the most important rulers in Wallachian hi ...

, who may have inspired

Bram Stoker Abraham Stoker (8 November 1847 – 20 April 1912), better known by his pen name Bram Stoker, was an Irish novelist who wrote the 1897 Gothic horror novel ''Dracula''. The book is widely considered a milestone in Vampire fiction, and one of t ...

's fictional character

Count Dracula Count Dracula () is the title character of Bram Stoker's 1897 gothic horror novel ''Dracula''. He is considered the prototypical and archetypal vampire in subsequent works of fiction. Aspects of the character are believed by some to have been i ...

, was imprisoned in one of its

dungeon A dungeon is a room or cell in which prisoners are held, especially underground. Dungeons are generally associated with medieval castles, though their association with torture probably derives more from the Renaissance period. An oubliette (fr ...

s.Archaeologists In Turkey Say They've Discovered Dracula's Dungeon
/ref> Other sights include the remains of several

Greek Orthodox Greek Orthodox Church (, , ) is a term that can refer to any one of three classes of Christian Churches, each associated in some way with Greek Christianity, Levantine Arabic-speaking Christians or more broadly the rite used in the Eastern Rom ...

churches and a cathedral, the Garipler Mosque dating to the 12th century, the Ali Paşa Mosque (16th century), the Hatuniye Külliyesi, also 16th century and the Gök Medrese (Pervane Bey Darussifasi), which was constructed in 1270. It was founded as a school of

theology Theology is the study of religious belief from a Religion, religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an Discipline (academia), academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itse ...

, and was converted into a museum, housing archaeological finds from the area, until that function was transferred in 2012 to another location. File:Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque 2419.jpg, Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque File:Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque 2423.jpg, Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque View along side File:Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque 8117.jpg, Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque View along side File:Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque 2421.jpg, Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque Entrance File:Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque 2422.jpg, Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque Entrance File:Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque 8127.jpg, Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque Interior File:Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque 8128.jpg, Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque Interior File:Tokat Ali Pasha Mausoleum 8124.jpg, Tokat Ali Pasha Mosque Mausoleum The Latifoglu Konak, a late 18th-century Ottoman residence, is an example of

Baroque architecture Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the late 16th century and gradually spread across Europe. It was originally introduced by the Catholic Church, particularly by the Jesuits, as a means to ...

. The two-story building has been restored and has been converted into a small museum. Much of the furniture in the kitchen, study, visitors' rooms with bath and toilet, bedroom, master's room, and

harem A harem is a domestic space that is reserved for the women of the house in a Muslim family. A harem may house a man's wife or wives, their pre-pubescent male children, unmarried daughters, female domestic Domestic worker, servants, and other un ...

is original. Ballıca Cave is a small cave situated at 6 km (3.8 mi) southeast of

Pazar, Tokat Pazar is a town in Tokat Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It ...

Province. File:Ballıca_Cave_1933.jpg, Ballıca Cave Image File:Ballıca Han 2021.jpg, Ballıca Han Door decoration File:Ballıca Han 2027.jpg, Ballıca Han Decoration at entrance File:Ballıca Han 2025.jpg, Ballıca Han View into closed courtyard File:Ballıca Han 2026.jpg, Ballıca Han Exterior wall File:Tokat Saat Kulesi.jpg, Tokat Clock Tower.

Mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilitie ...
s of Tokat

1984 Events January * January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888. * January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeas ...

1989 1989 was a turning point in political history with the "Revolutions of 1989" which ended communism in Eastern Bloc of Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power-sharing coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin W ...

Hüdayi Sayıbaş ANAP *

1994 The year 1994 was designated as the " International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations. In the Line Islands and Phoenix Islands of Kiribati, 1994 had only 364 days, omitti ...

İsmet Saraçoğlu DYP *

2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and Its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...

Nizamettin Aydın Refah Party, Fazilet Partisi, DYP, Saadet Party *

2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...

Adnan Çiçek

AK Party The Justice and Development Party ( , AK PARTİ), abbreviated officially as AK Party in English, is a political party in Turkey self-describing as conservative-democratic. It has been the ruling party of Turkey since 2002. Third-party sources ...

2024 The year saw the list of ongoing armed conflicts, continuation of major armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Myanmar civil war (2021–present), Myanmar civil war, the Sudanese civil war (2023–present), Sudane ...

Eyüp Eroğlu

present The present is the period of time that is occurring now. The present is contrasted with the past, the period of time that has already occurred; and the future, the period of time that has yet to occur. It is sometimes represented as a hyperplan ...

Mehmet Kemal Yazıcıoğlu MHP

Notable people

* Apkar Tebir Tokhatetsi (1520?–1572?), Armenian printer and typographer * Gazi Osman Paşa (1832–1897), Ottoman commander * Symeon Savvidis (1859–1927), Greek painter *

Mehmet Emin Tokadi Mehmet Emin Tokadi (fully ''Mehmed Emin bin Hasan bin Omar Nakkash Tokadi''; 1664–1745) was the son of one of Aziz Mahmud Amawi's derwishes. Born at Tokat, during Ottoman times, he died in Istanbul. Nicknamed Jemaleddin, he was officially know ...

Hazretleri (1664–1745), Sufi saint of Istanbul * Krikor Balakian (1875–1934), Armenian bishop *

Cahit Külebi Cahit Külebi (20 December 1917, in Tokat – 20 June 1997, in Ankara) was a leading Turkish people, Turkish poet and author. He has an important place in contemporary Turkish poetry due to his attachment to folk poetry traditions. His poetry is ...

(1917–1997), Turkish poet *

Engin Günaydın Engin Günaydın (born 23 January 1972) is a Turkish actor and comedian. Biography Günaydın was born in Erbaa, Tokat Province. He began his university studies at Hacettepe University Conservatory, but in his second year he switched to Mimar ...

(born 1972), Turkish actor and comedian * Hüseyin Akbaş (1933–1989), Turkish World and Olympic Champion in wrestling *

Seda Sayan Seda Sayan (born Aysel Gürsaçer; 30 December 1962) is a Turkish pop folk singer, actress, and TV variety-show hostess. Personal life Sayan was born in a poor family so she started working from a very young age. She started performing at the ...

(born 1964), Turkish pop folk singer, actress and TV variety-show hostess * Aziz Kocaoğlu (born 1948), mayor and politician.

International relations

Tokat is twinned with:

Notes

References

Sources and external links

Tokat
at kultur.gov.tr
Tokat web news
{{Authority control Provincial municipalities in Turkey Former Armenian Catholic eparchies History of Tokat Province Populated places in Tokat District