Toghon (son Of Kublai)

Toghon (died 1301) was the ninth son of Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty. He was a commander of the Mongol forces in the Mongol invasions of Vietnam.

Biography

He was granted the title Prince of Zhennan (鎮南王, , "Prince of Suppressing the South") and moved his household to Ezhou in 1284.

In 1285, he led the Mongol armies sent to conquer Champa. He demanded from Đại Việt (now modern Vietnam) a route to Champa, which would trap the Champan army from both north and south, but it was rejected by retired emperor Trần Thánh Tông, who was the ''de facto'' ruler of Đại Việt. As a result, Toghon led an Mongol invasions of Vietnam, invasion of Đại Việt under orders from Kublai Khan. At first he won several victories and captured Thăng Long, the capital of Đại Việt. Trần Thánh Tông had to offer princess An Tư to him to slow down the pace of the Mongol army. Later he ordered a withdrawal back to China, blaming the weather and diseas in Đại Việt. His forces were attacked and defeated by Trần Hưng Đạo during their retreat.

In 1287, he invaded Vietnam again. The Mongol navy was overwhelmed by Trần dynasty in Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288), Bạch Đằng river, and he retreated. This ashamed his father who no longer wished to see him again. He moved to Yangzhou in 1291, where he died 10 years later.''Xin Yuanshi'', :zh:s:新元史/卷114, vol. 114

Family

*Father: Kublai Khan
*Mother: Empress Bayaujin
*Wife: Unknown
*Concubine: An Tư from Annam
*Sons:''History of Yuan'', :zh:s:元史/卷107, vol. 107
** Laozhang, Prince of Zhennan (鎮南王 老章; Луужан)
** Togh Bukha, Prince of Zhennan (鎮南王 脫不花, Тобуха)
** Könček Bukha, Prince of Weishun (威順王 寬徹普化; Хонжибуха)
** Temür Bukha, Prince of Huai (淮王 帖木兒不花; Төмөрбуха)
** Mangi, Prince of Wenji (文濟王 蠻子; Манзи)
** Budaširi, Prince of Xuande (宣德王 不答失里; Будшир)

Notes

References

1301 deaths
Generals of the Mongol Empire
Yuan dynasty generals
Sons of Kublai Khan

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