Toddy Coffee

Coffee drinks are made by brewing water with ground coffee beans. The brewing is either done slowly, by drip, filter, French press, moka pot or percolator, or done very quickly, under pressure, by an espresso machine. When put under the pressure of an espresso machine, the coffee is termed ''espresso'', while slow-brewed coffees are generally termed ''brewed coffee''. While all coffee drinks are based on either coffee or espresso, some drinks add milk or cream, some are made with steamed milk or non-dairy milks, or add water (like the americano). Upon milk additions, coffee's flavor can vary with different syrups or sweeteners, alcoholic liqueurs, and even combinations of coffee with espresso or tea. There are many variations to the basic coffee or espresso bases.

With the invention of the Gaggia machine, espresso and espresso with milk, such as cappuccino and latte, spread in popularity from Italy to the UK in the 1950s. It then came to America, and with the rise in popularity of the Italian coffee culture in the 1980s, it began to spread worldwide via coffeehouses and coffeehouse chains.

The caffeine content in coffee beans may be reduced via one of several decaffeination processes to produce decaffeinated coffee, also known as ''decaf'', which may be served as regular, espresso or instant coffee.

Infused

Drip or filtered

Drip-brewed, or filtered coffee, is brewed by hot water passing slowly over roasted, ground coffee beans contained in a filter. Water seeps through the ground coffee, absorbing its oils, flavours and essences as it passes through the filter. The used coffee grounds remain in the filter as the liquid slowly drips into a collecting vessel, such as a carafe or pot.

Paper coffee filters were invented in Germany by Melitta Bentz in 1908. To reduce waste, some coffee drinkers use fine wire mesh filters, which can be re-used for years. Many countries in Latin America and Africa, traditionally, prepare drip coffee using a small reusable bag made of cotton or other cloth.

French press or ''cafetière''

A French press, also known as a press pot, coffee press, coffee plunger, ''cafetière'' (UK) or ''cafetière à piston'', is a coffee brewing device patented by Italian designer Attilio Calimani in 1929. A French press requires a coarser grind of coffee than a drip brew coffee filter, as finer grounds will seep through the press filter and into the coffee.

Coffee in a French press is brewed by placing the ground coffee in the empty beaker and adding hot () water, in proportions of about of coffee to of water, more or less to taste. After approximately four minutes the plunger is pressed to separate the grounds and hold them at the bottom of the beaker, then the coffee is poured. Coffee press users have different preferences for how long to wait before pressing the plunger, with some enthusiasts preferring to wait longer than four minutes.

Cold brew

Flash brew

Flash brewing is another Japanese style of cold coffee brewing. It is similar to drip coffee, as it involves pouring hot water over ground coffee contained in a filter. In this method, a smaller amount of hot water is used and the coffee is dripped directly over ice which immediately cools the coffee down. Unlike cold brewing – another cold coffee method – flash brewed coffee preserves the flavor and acidity that is characteristic of hot drip coffee. Because of this, flash brew coffee is well suited for lighter roasts of coffee, chosen for their unique and complex flavors. In many coffeeshops and coffee chains, iced coffee is made by taking hot coffee and adding ice, which waters down the coffee over time. Flash brewing works around this issue.

Boiled

Turkish

Beans for Turkish coffee are ground to a fine powder. Turkish coffee is prepared by immersing the coffee grounds in water and heating until it just boils. This method produces the maximum amount of foam. If the coffee is left to boil longer, less foam remains. In Turkey, four degrees of sweetness are used. The Turkish terms and approximate amounts are as follows: ''sade'' (plain; no sugar), ''az şekerli'' (little sugar; half a level teaspoon of sugar), ''orta şekerli'' (medium sugar; one level teaspoon), ''şekerli'' or ''çok şekerli'' (high sugar; two or three teaspoons). Before boiling, the coffee and the desired amount of sugar are stirred until all the coffee sinks and the sugar is dissolved. If the coffee is stirred for longer (up to the boiling point), little or no foam remains. The Turkish term for this kind of coffee is ''köpüksüz'' (no foam).

Turkish coffee is an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Turkey confirmed by UNESCO.

Kopi kothok

is made by boiling coffee grounds and sugar together in a pot or a saucepan. It is very common in Cepu and Bojonegoro.
The ratio of coffee grounds and sugar is generally one to two. A 1:1 ratio for more bitter coffee drinks. Milk also can be added according to the order before boiling the coffee grounds.

Yazdi Coffee

Yazdi coffee, also known as '' Rozeh Coffee'', is a traditional drink served to mourners in Yazd during Muharram, dating back to at least the Qajar era. It belongs to the Middle Eastern coffee family and was nationally registered as an intangible cultural heritage of Iran in July 2019. Serving coffee at mourning ceremonies was influenced by Zoroastrian traditions and became an Islamic ritual in Yazd. The earliest written record dates to 1832.

Brewing Yazdi Coffee involves roasting coffee, boiling it for hours, and adding rosewater, cardamom, and sugar. It is strained through silk cloth and served in small cups, sometimes with Yazdi cake. Yazdi coffee was registered as Iran’s intangible cultural heritage on July 4, 2019, under registration number 1893.

Vacuum coffee

A vacuum coffee maker brews coffee using two chambers where vapor pressure and vacuum produce coffee. This type of coffee maker is also known as vac pot, siphon or syphon coffee maker, and was invented by Loeff of Berlin in the 1830s. These devices have since been used for more than a century in many parts of the world and more recently have been given a new use by bartenders and chefs to make hot cocktails and broths.

Espresso

Espresso is brewed by machine, forcing a small amount of nearly boiling water and steam – about – under pressure through finely ground and compacted coffee. The espresso machine was patented in 1901 from an earlier 1884 machine, and developed in Italy; with the invention of the Gaggia machine, espresso spread in popularity to the UK in the 1950s where it was more often drunk with milk as cappuccino due to the influence of the British milk bars, then America in the 1980s where again it was mainly drunk with milk, and then via coffeehouse chains it spread worldwide. Espresso is generally denser than coffee brewed by other methods, having a higher concentration of suspended and dissolved solids; it generally has a creamy foam on top known as ''crema.'' Espresso is the base for a number of other coffee drinks, such as latte, cappuccino, macchiato, mocha, and americano. The term ''espresso'', substituting ''s'' for most ''x'' letters in Latin-root words, with the term deriving from the past participle of the Italian verb ''esprimere'', itself derived from the Latin ''exprimere'', means 'to express', and refers to the process by which hot water is forced under pressure through ground coffee.

Combinations

Coffee with milk

Coffee with condensed milk

Café bombón was made popular in Valencia, Spain, and spread gradually to the rest of the country. It might have been re-created and modified to suit European tastebuds as in many parts of Asia such as Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Singapore. The same recipe for coffee which is called ''Kopi Susu Panas'' (Malaysia), or ''Gafeh Rorn'' it: hot coffee(Thailand) has already been around for decades and is very popular in ''mamak'' stalls and ''kopitiams'' in Malaysia. The iced version is known as '' cà phê đá'' in Vietnam. A café bombón, however, uses espresso served with sweetened condensed milk in a 1:1 ratio whereas the Asian version uses ground coffee and sweetened condensed milk at different ratios. On the Canary Islands a variety named ''café proprio'' or ''largo condensada'' is served using the same amount of condensed milk but with "café largo" or espresso lungo. For café bombón, the condensed milk is added to the espresso. For visual effect, a glass is used, and the condensed milk is added slowly to sink underneath the coffee and create two separate bands of contrasting colour – though these layers are customarily stirred together before consumption. Some establishments merely serve an espresso with a sachet of condensed milk for patrons to make themselves.

Coffee with coconut milk

There is a coffee drink combined with coconut milk from Blora, Indonesia. It is called ''kopi santen'' (Javanese) or ''kopi santan'' (Indonesian). Formulated for the first time in 1980 by a grandmother named Sakijah.

Slow-brewed and espresso

Regular coffee (slow brewed as with a filter or cafetière) is sometimes combined with espresso to increase either the intensity of the flavour or the caffeine content. This may be called a variety of names, most commonly ''red eye,'' or ''shot in the dark.'' Coffeehouse chains may have their own names, such as ''turbo'' at Dunkin' Donuts. and ''depth charge'' – a federally registered trademark of Caribou Coffee. At Starbucks, a double shot of espresso in the coffee may be termed a "black eye", and a triple shot a "dead eye". "Caffè Tobio" is a version with an equal amount of coffee to espresso. A quad shot into a 16oz of coffee is called a “Hate Myself”

Liqueur coffee

The caffeine content of these drinks, to the extent that caffeine is present in them, will not prevent intoxication from their alcohol content. Instead, the caffeine may mask the true degree of ethanol-induced loss of coordination.

* Barraquito is an old drink from Tenerife combining espresso, condensed sweetened milk, foamed milk, lemon, cinnamon and Licor 43, which was carried across the Atlantic in a later modified form as the Carajillo.
* Caffè corretto (that is an Italian drink, consists of a shot of espresso "corrected" with a shot of liquor, usually grappa, brandy or sambuca.)
* Ponce, a hot drink, akin to tea grog (the name itself is a calque of punch) originating in Leghorn port: a shot of espresso poured on top of rum made hot with the espresso machine steamer. A lemon zest is often added.
* A carajillo is a Spanish drink combining coffee with brandy, whisky, anisette, or rum. It is typical of Spain and according to folk etymology, its origin dates to the Spanish occupation of Cuba. The troops combined coffee with rum to give them courage (coraje in Spanish, hence "corajillo" and more recently "carajillo"). There are many different ways of making a carajillo, ranging from black coffee with the spirit simply poured in to heating the spirit with lemon, sugar and cinnamon and adding the coffee last. A similar Italian drink is known as caffè corretto. The American version of a Spanish Coffee uses a heated sugar-rimmed Spanish coffee mug with of rum and of triple sec. The drink is then flamed to caramelize the sugar, with of coffee liqueur then added to put out the flame, and then topped off with of coffee, and whipped cream.
* Hasseltse koffie, Vlaamse koffie or Afzakkertje (coffee with Hasseltse jenever).
* Hotshot is a Swedish shot with 1 part Galliano, 1 part coffee and 1 part heavy cream.
* Irish coffee
* Karsk, kaffegök or svartkopp (coffee with moonshine)
* Rüdesheimer Kaffee is an alcoholic coffee drink from Rüdesheim in Germany invented in 1957 by Hans Karl Adam. It is made with Asbach Uralt brandy with coffee and sugar, and is topped with whipped cream.
* A (), meaning a Pharisee, is an alcoholic coffee drink that is popular in the Nordfriesland district of Germany. It consists of a mug of black coffee, a double shot of rum, and a topping of whipped cream. In 1981, a court in Flensburg ruled that of rum were not sufficient for preparing a genuine .
* A gunfire has its origins in the British Army, typically made by mixing black tea with rum, though in Australia and New Zealand it is more often made with black coffee instead. On ANZAC Day, this version is served to soldiers before dawn services as part of the "gunfire breakfast".

Flavoured

Some coffeehouses provide flavoured syrups which customers can have added to their coffee drinks. Some non-dairy creamers have flavoured versions, such as hazelnut flavour and Irish Cream flavour (the latter is non-alcoholic). Other flavored coffees are named, and offered at coffee houses either globally or regionally.

;Cafe con Miel
A cafe con miel or café miel has a shot of espresso, steamed milk, cinnamon, and honey. The name comes from the Spanish word for honey, ''miel''.

;Café de olla
Café de olla or ''pot coffee'' is a traditional coffee-based drink prepared using earthen clay pots or jars in Mexico and other Latin American countries. It is flavored with cinnamon and piloncillo. Consumed primarily in colder weathers, usually with the merienda meal, and accompanied with pan dulce pastries.

;Espressino or Marocchino
The marocchino is made from espresso, steamed milk, and a dusting of cocoa powder, similar to the espressino.

;Mocha or café mocha or mochaccino or rápido y sucio

A café mocha is a variant of a caffè latte. Like a latte, it is typically one third espresso and two thirds steamed milk, but a portion of chocolate is added, typically in the form of a chocolate syrup, although other vending systems use instant chocolate powder. Mochas can contain dark or milk chocolate.

The term ''moccaccino'' is used in some regions of Europe and the Middle East to describe caffè latte with cocoa or chocolate. In the U.S. it usually refers to a cappuccino made with chocolate.

A ''cafe borgia'' is a mocha with orange rind and sometimes orange flavoring added. Often served with whipped cream and topped with cinnamon.

A café rápido y sucio, or a ''quick & dirty coffee'', is three shots of espresso topped with chocolate or mocha syrup. Unlike a café mocha which has milk added or an Americano which has water added, a Café Rápido y Sucio or a ''Quick & Dirty Coffee'' is espresso and chocolate only. Any variation of this drink containing more than three shots of espresso would be referred to as a ''Fast & Filthy Coffee''.

;Melya
Melya is coffee flavoured with cocoa powder and honey. Cream is sometimes added.

;Pedrocchi or Paduan Coffee
A mint coffee that originated from the city of Padua in the Caffè Pedrocchi. It is indeed known in Padua as ''Pedrocchi''; while in the rest of Italy as ''Caffè Padovano'', which can be translated as ''Paduan Coffee''. It is made of a lower layer of hot espresso coffee, a middle thick layer of fresh cream and mint syrup, and an upper thin layer of cocoa powder. The beverage is not to be stirred nor added with sugar.

Iced

Frappé

Greek frappé (Café frappé) (), sometimes called a javaccino by independent coffeehouses, is a foam-covered iced coffee drink made from spray-dried instant coffee. It is very popular in Greece especially during summer but has now spread on to other countries.

Greek Freddo preparations

Freddo espresso

Freddo espresso is a foam-topped iced coffee made from espresso that is commonplace in Greece. It consists of two shots of espresso (), sugar (granules or syrup), and ice () 1:2 (espresso shots:ice). The espresso is mixed with the sugar and ice in a ''frapièra'' (a drink mixer), which cools the espresso and produces a foam from the oils of the coffee. This mixture is then poured over ice into a serving glass.

Freddo cappuccino

Freddo cappuccino is another variation of the original cappuccino and is as popular as the freddo espresso. It follows the same process as the freddo espresso but is topped with a cold milk froth called () which is added in ratio 1:2 (espresso shots:milk), and 1:2 (espresso shots:ice). The choice of milk used to create the afrógala may vary from fresh to condensed. Recently the Coffee Island coffee shop (a coffee shop franchise in Greece), established a new foam and cream trend in freddo cappuccino. They use plant-based milk creamed in the ''frapièra''. The result is a stiffer and sweeter cream.

Other

; Shakerato
: Shakerato is an iced coffee made by shaking espresso and ice cubes.
; Espresso and tonic
: An espresso and tonic is a non-alcoholic mixed drink made by mixing espresso and tonic water.

Instant coffee

Instant coffee is a drink derived from brewed coffee beans. Through various manufacturing processes the coffee is dehydrated into the form of powder or granules. These can be rehydrated with hot water to provide a drink similar (though not identical) to conventional coffee. At least one brand of instant coffee, Camp Coffee, is also available in concentrated liquid form.

Instant coffee is used as an ingredient in other coffee drinks. Indian beaten coffee is made from instant coffee whipped with sugar and served over warm milk. A Korean drink known as dalgona coffee is prepared similarly but can be served hot or cold. A Greek frappé coffee is made again from instant coffee, sugar, and milk, but it is prepared in a cocktail shaker.

Instant coffee brands include:
* UCC
* Chock full o'Nuts
* Folgers
* Kenco
* Lavazza
* Maxwell House
* Moccona
* Mr. Brown Coffee
* Nescafé
* Sanka

Decaffeinated

A decaffeination process removes caffeine from coffee beans to lower their caffeine content. Four main methods are used to extract caffeine from coffee beans:
* Soaking the beans in water, a method said to have been developed in Switzerland
* Washing beans in a solution of water and ethyl acetate
* Applying carbon dioxide, either as a liquid or in a supercritical state, to beans at high pressure
* Dissolving the caffeine with the solvent dichloromethane
Decaffeinated coffee grew in popularity over the last half of the 20th century, mainly due to health concerns that arose regarding the over-consumption of caffeine. Decaffeinated coffee, sometimes known as "decaf", may be drunk as regular brewed coffee, instant, espresso, or as a mix of regular caffeine beans and decaffeinated beans. Ludwig Roselius, a German coffee merchant and founder of the company Kaffee HAG, is credited with the development of commercial decaffeination of coffee.

Other

Caffè Medici

A caffè Medici is a doppio poured over chocolate syrup and orange peel, usually topped with whipped cream. The drink originated at Seattle's historic Last Exit on Brooklyn coffeehouse.

Café Touba

Café Touba is the spiritual drink of Senegal, named after Cheik Ahmadou Bamba Mbacké (known as ''Serigne Touba'') and the holy city of Touba in Senegal. During the roasting process, the coffee beans are mixed with grains of selim, and sometimes other spices, and ground into powder after roasting. The drink is prepared using a filter, similar to plain coffee. Sugar is often added before drinking.

Canned coffee

Canned coffee is ubiquitous in Japan and throughout East Asia, with a large number of companies competing fiercely and offering various types for sale. Canned coffee is already brewed and ready to drink. It is available in supermarkets and convenience stores, with vast numbers of cans being sold in vending machines that offer heated cans in the autumn and winter, and cold cans in the warm months.

Some brands in the United States have recently begun selling similar products in gas stations, grocery stores, and corner stores, though it is not nearly as widespread as the Japanese version is in Japan. Brands of canned coffee include these:
* UCC
* Folgers
* Mr. Brown Coffee

Coffee beer

Coffee beer is a drink from Jombang, Indonesia. The composition of coffee beer is coffee, sugar, water, caramel, and soda. Usually, the drink is served in a glass filled with ice cubes to add freshness to the drink. It contains no alcohol.

Coffee milk

Coffee milk is sold in two ways: prepared coffee milk and coffee syrup. It is a drink prepared or made by adding a sweetened coffee concentrate called ''coffee syrup'' to milk in a manner similar to chocolate milk. It is the official drink of Rhode Island in the United States. Coffee milk brands include:
* Farmers Union Iced Coffee (Australia) marketed as iced coffee
* Autocrat, LLC

It is popular in South Australia where it is known as iced coffee but that should not be confused with the drink of the same name made from coffee with ice but without milk or with little milk that is popular in the United States and other countries.

Double-double

''Double-double'' or ''Double Double'' is a uniquely Canadian term that is also a registered trademark of Tim Hortons. This menu item consists of a cup of drip coffee with two creams and two sugars (or double cream, double sugar). The chain achieves flavor consistency across cup sizes by employing a pair of countertop vending machines, one dispensing cream and milk and the other dispensing white granulated sugar, with buttons for different cup sizes and amounts. The coffee is always poured over the cream and sugar to achieve the correct volume of ingredients. The drink can be made with cream or milk. Additional terms include the menu item "Regular" (one shot of each); a "triple-triple" (three shots of each); a "four-by-four" (four shots of each); and a "Wayne Gretzky" (nine shots of each). A "Wayne Gretzky" is more of a legend or joke than a feasible order; for comparison, a medium Regular has 6g fat and 11g sugar (approximately 3 tsp of cream and 2 1/2 tsp white sugar), so a Wayne Gretzky in a medium size would have nine times that amount: 54g fat and 99g of sugar, approximately 1/2 cup cream (27 teaspoons, or 118ml, or 4oz) and 2/5 cups of sugar (22 1/2 teaspoons). A medium cup is approximately 14oz (414ml), and would consist almost entirely of the cream and sugar.

Egg coffee

Egg coffee (Vietnamese: Cà phê trứng) is a Vietnamese drink from Hanoi with thick texture traditionally prepared with egg yolks, sugar, condensed milk and drip coffee.

See also

* List of coffee dishes
* List of coffee varieties
* Low acid coffee
* Low caffeine coffee
* Coffee substitute
* Coffee preparation
* Sweetened beverage

References

External links

*

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Coffee Beverages

Coffee beverages