Tjalkadjara
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The Tjalkadjara or Tjalkanti were an
indigenous Australian Indigenous Australians are people with familial heritage from, or recognised membership of, the various ethnic groups living within the territory of contemporary Australia prior to History of Australia (1788–1850), British colonisation. The ...
tribe of
Western Australia Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...
.


Country

The Tjalkadjara's tribal homelands lay northeast of Laverton as far as Lake Throssell. Their confines were in the vicinity of Darlot to the west, and to the north, around Lake Wells.
Norman Tindale Norman Barnett Tindale AO (12 October 1900 – 19 November 1993) was an Australian anthropologist, archaeologist, entomologist and ethnologist. He is best remembered for his work mapping the various tribal groupings of Aboriginal Australians ...
estimated their tribal lands as once having covered . Their neighbouring tribes were the Pini on their northeastern and northern flank; the
Ngaanyatjarra The Ngaanyatjarra, also known (along with the Pini) as the Nana, are an Indigenous Australian cultural group of Western Australia. They are located in the Goldfields-Esperance region, as well as Northern Territory. Language Ngaanyatjarra is ...
to the northeast; the Mandjindja and the
Nangatadjara The Nangatadjara are an Aboriginal Australian people of Western Australia. Country Nangatadjara lands encompassed, according to Tindale, approximately . Their north-northeastern extension touched the Bailey, Virginia and Newland Ranges. They ...
east-southeast; the Waljen to their south, and the Kuwarra to their west.


Resources

The water sources available to the Tjalkadjara were scarce and in good part they had to rely on what they could extract from the roots of eucalyptus. They possessed a mine north of Laverton, at Taralguta, which was rich in solid
red ochre Ochre ( ; , ), iron ochre, or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown. It is also the name of the col ...
that was much prized by other neighbouring tribes, and which formed an important part of their trading with others.


History

The Tjalkadjara were eventually pushed out of their southern territory and forced to shift northwest to Darlot at the turn of the 19-20th centuries, as pressure was brought to bear on them from the
Nangatadjara The Nangatadjara are an Aboriginal Australian people of Western Australia. Country Nangatadjara lands encompassed, according to Tindale, approximately . Their north-northeastern extension touched the Bailey, Virginia and Newland Ranges. They ...
.


Alternative names

* ''Tjalkumara'' * ''Tjalkandjara'' * ''Tjalkakari'' ("come this way") * ''Wordako'' (language name) * ''Tjalkani'' * ''Djalgani, Djalgandi, Tjalgandi'' * ''Erlistoun tribe'' * ''Dituwonga'' ( Waljen
exonym An endonym (also known as autonym ) is a common, name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language, or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate them ...
)


Notes


Citations


Sources

* * * * {{authority control Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia