__NOTOC__ ''Tinea trinotella'' is a

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

of tineoid moth. It belongs to the

fungus moth Tineidae is a family of moths in the order Lepidoptera described by Pierre André Latreille in 1810. Collectively, they are known as fungus moths or tineid moths. The family contains considerably more than 3,000 species in more than 300 genera. ...

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

(Tineidae), and therein to the nominate subfamily

Tineinae The Tineinae are a subfamily of moths of the family Tineidae. Genera * ''Acridotarsa'' * '' Anomalotinea'' * '' Asymphyla'' * '' Ceratobia'' * '' Ceratophaga'' * '' Ceratuncus'' * '' Crypsithyris'' * '' Crypsithyrodes'' * '' Eccritothrix'' * '' ...

. It was once used as

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

of a distinct

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

''Acedes'', but this is synonymized today with ''

Tinea Dermatophytosis, also known as tinea and ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin (a dermatomycosis), that may affect skin, hair, and nails. Typically it results in a red, itchy, scaly, circular rash. Hair loss may occur in the area affe ...

'', the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus (''genus typica'') is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearin ...

of Tineinae, Tineidae and the superfamily Tineoidea.

Ecology and description

It is widespread and common in much of the western

Palearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is a biogeographic realm of the Earth, the largest of eight. Confined almost entirely to the Eastern Hemisphere, it stretches across Europe and Asia, north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. Th ...

; no records exist from

Slovenia Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...

but as it is found in the surrounding countries, it may well have simply not been noticed yet. Its absence from

Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...

seems to be genuine however. The

nocturnal Nocturnality is a ethology, behavior in some non-human animals characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnality, diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatur ...

adults are on the wing about May to August, depending on the location, and are easily attracted to light sources. Two

generation A generation is all of the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively. It also is "the average period, generally considered to be about 20–⁠30 years, during which children are born and grow up, become adults, and b ...

s may occur each year at least in part of its range. This small moth has a wingspan of 12–18 mm when adult. Their forewings are a plain greyish buff with a golden hue, and bear the one large, one medium and one small clear-cut black dots referenced in the

specific name Specific name may refer to: * in Database management systems, a system-assigned name that is unique within a particular database In taxonomy, either of these two meanings, each with its own set of rules: * Specific name (botany), the two-part (bino ...

''trinotella''. On the head, they have a tuft of yellow or orange hairs. The

caterpillar Caterpillars ( ) are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). As with most common names, the application of the word is arbitrary, since the larvae of sawflies (suborder ...

s live in small portable cases they build from

debris Debris (, ) is rubble, wreckage, ruins, litter and discarded waste, garbage/refuse/trash, scattered remains of something destroyed, or, as in geology, large rock fragments left by a melting glacier, etc. Depending on context, ''debris'' can ref ...

held together with their own

silk Silk is a natural fiber, natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be weaving, woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is most commonly produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoon (silk), c ...

, just like those of the

case-bearing clothes moth ''Tinea pellionella'', the case-bearing clothes moth, is a species of tineoid moth in the family Tineidae, the fungus moths. This species has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring nearly worldwide. Taxonomy Being a widespread species and often ...

(''T. pellionella'') and other relatives. They typically inhabit

bird nest A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and Avian incubation, incubates its Bird egg, eggs and raises its young. Although the term popularly refers to a specific structures built by animals, structure made by the bird itself—such as th ...

s – e.g. of

chicken The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated subspecies of the red junglefowl (''Gallus gallus''), originally native to Southeast Asia. It was first domesticated around 8,000 years ago and is now one of the most common and w ...

(''Gallus gallus domesticus''),

domestic pigeon The domestic pigeon (''Columba livia domestica'' or ''Columba livia'' Form (zoology), forma ''domestica'') is a pigeon subspecies that was derived from the rock dove, rock dove or rock pigeon. The rock pigeon is the world's oldest domesticated ...

(''Columba livia domestica''),

linnet The common linnet (''Linaria cannabina'') is a small passerine bird of the finch family, Fringillidae. It derives its common name and the scientific name, ''Linaria'', from its fondness for hemp seeds and flax seeds—flax being the English na ...

(''Carduelis cannabina'') or

common chaffinch The Eurasian chaffinch, common chaffinch, or simply the chaffinch (''Fringilla coelebs'') is a common and widespread small passerine bird in the finch family. The male is brightly coloured with a blue-grey cap and rust-red underparts. The fema ...

(''Fringilla coelebs'') – where they feed on food remains and similar organic

detritus In biology, detritus ( or ) is organic matter made up of the decomposition, decomposing remains of organisms and plants, and also of feces. Detritus usually hosts communities of microorganisms that colonize and decomposition, decompose (Reminera ...

. They have also been found on discarded

wool Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids. The term may also refer to inorganic materials, such as mineral wool and glass wool, that have some properties similar to animal w ...

fabric Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, and different types of fabric. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is no ...

Synonyms

When ''Acedes'' was established by

Jacob Hübner Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist. He was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge'' (1796–1805), a founding work of entomology. Scientific career Hübner was the author of '' ...

in or around 1825, the present species was placed there under the name ''A. lappella'', often misspelled ''lapella''. This was because many authors at that time, including Hübner, believed that the

taxon In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...

''Tinea lappella'' referred to the present species. Indeed, it was Hübner himself, who in 1796 first made this misidentification in his major work ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge''. But actually, ''T. lappella'' – described by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

in 1758 as ''Phalaena'' (''Tinea'') ''lappella'' – is a twirler moth (family Gelechiidae), namely the burdock seedhead moth, called ''

Metzneria lappella ''Metzneria lappella'', the burdock seedhead moth or burdock seed moth, is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. Distribution This species is present in most of Europe and it is widely distributed throughout the Palaearctic region, northwards to the ...

'' today. Similarly, the name ''T. tripunctella'' was erroneously applied to ''T. trinotella'' for some time, but as originally established by

Michael Denis Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael Denis, also: ''Sined the Bard'', (27 September 1729 – 29 September 1800) was an Austrian Catholic priest and Jesuit, who is best known as a poet, bibliographer, and lepidopterist. Life Denis was born at Schärdin ...

and

Ignaz Schiffermüller Jeremias "Johann" Ignaz Schiffermüller (; 2 November 1727 – 21 June 1806) was an Austrian naturalist and Jesuit teacher who took a special interest in the Lepidoptera. In order to describe the colours of butterflies, he also looked for a syste ...

in 1775 it refers to another twirler moth which is nowadays known as ''

Acompsia tripunctella ''Acompsia tripunctella'' is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in the Alps, Apennines, Carpathians and the Balkans. There are also records from European Russia, Transbaikalia and the Caucasus, but these require confirmation. The habit ...

''. Obsolete

scientific name In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin gramm ...

s (

junior synonym In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. ...

s and others) of ''Tinea trinotella'' are:Pitkin & Jenkins (2004), FE (2009), Robinson

010 010 may refer to: * 10 (number) * 8 (number) in octal numeral notation * Motorola 68010, a microprocessor released by Motorola in 1982 * 010, the telephone area code of Beijing * 010, the Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , ; ; ) is the second-largest ...

/ref> * ''Acedes lapella'' (''

lapsus In philology, a lapsus (Latin for "lapse, slip, error") is an involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking. Investigations In 1895 an investigation into verbal slips was undertaken by a philologist and a psychologist, Rudolf Meringer and ...

'') * ''Acedes lappella'' (''auct. non'' Linnaeus, 1758: misidentification) * ''Phalaena'' (''Tinea'') ''lapella'' (''lapsus'') * ''Phalaena'' (''Tinea'') ''lappella'' (''auct. non'' Linnaeus, 1758: misidentification) * ''Tinea ganomella'' Treitschke, 1833 * ''Tinea lapella'' (''lapsus'') * ''Tinea lappella'' (''auct. non'' Linnaeus, 1758: misidentification) * '' Tinea tripunctella'' (''auct. non'' Denis & Schiffermüller 1775: misidentification)

Footnotes

References

Fauna Europaea Fauna Europaea is a database of the scientific names and distribution of all living multicellular European land and fresh-water animals. It serves as a standard taxonomic source for animal taxonomy within the Pan-European Species directories Infr ...

(FE) (2009)
''Tinea trinotella''
Version 2.1, 22 December 2009. Retrieved 5 May 2010. *Grabe, Albert (1942)
"Eigenartige Geschmacksrichtungen bei Kleinschmetterlingsraupen" [Strange tastes among micromoth caterpillars
''Zeitschrift des Wiener Entomologen-Vereins''. 27: 105–109. * * *Robinson, Gaden S. (2010)
"''Tinea trinotella''"
''Global Taxonomic Database of Tineidae (Lepidoptera)''. Retrieved 5 May 2010. * {{DEFAULTSORT:Tinea Trinotella Tineinae Moths of Europe Moths described in 1794