Tina Manning (January 18, 1950 – February 12, 1979) was a

Paiute Paiute (; also Piute) refers to three non-contiguous groups of Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin. Although their languages are related within the Numic group of Uto-Aztecan languages, these three languages do not form a single subgroup and th ...

Shoshone The Shoshone or Shoshoni ( or ), also known by the endonym Newe, are an Native Americans in the United States, Indigenous people of the United States with four large cultural/linguistic divisions: * Eastern Shoshone: Wyoming * Northern Shoshon ...

water rights activist and wife of

John Trudell John Trudell (February 15, 1946December 8, 2015) was a Native American author, poet, actor, musician, and political activist. He was the spokesperson for the Indians of All Tribes' takeover of Alcatraz beginning in 1969, broadcasting as ''Rad ...

.Mankiller and Wallis, p.209 Manning was the daughter of Arthur and Leah Hicks Manning. Her father had served as the tribal chairman of the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the

Duck Valley Indian Reservation The Duck Valley Indian Reservation () was established in the 19th century for the federally recognized Shoshone- Paiute Tribe. It is isolated in the high desert of the western United States, and lies on the state line, the 42nd parallel, betwee ...

in northern

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a landlocked state in the Western United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the seventh-most extensive, th ...

.Mankiller and Wallis, p.210 She graduated from Bacone College in

Muskogee, Oklahoma Muskogee () is the 13th-largest city in Oklahoma and is the county seat of Muskogee County, Oklahoma, Muskogee County. Home to Bacone College, it lies approximately southeast of Tulsa, Oklahoma, Tulsa. The population of the city was 36,878 as of ...

. On February 12, 1979, Manning died along with her unborn baby Josiah Hawk, three other children; Ricarda Star, Sunshine Karma, and Eli Changing Sun, and her mother, in a house fire on the Duck Valley Reservation. Her father was the only survivor. The cause of the fire was never determined, but it was considered suspicious and deemed probable arson by John Trudell and others, as it took place the day after Trudell led a protest against the

FBI The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic Intelligence agency, intelligence and Security agency, security service of the United States and Federal law enforcement in the United States, its principal federal law enforcement ag ...

in Washington, D.C.

References

Sources

*Hoxie, Fredrick E., Mancall, Peter C. and Merrell, James (2001). ''American Nations: Encounters in Indian Country, 1850 to the Present''. London: Routledge. * Mankiller, Wilma and Wallis, Michael. ''Mankiller: A Chief and Her People.'' New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. . *Rowell, Andrew (1996). ''Green Backlash: Global Subversion of the Environment Movement''. London: Routledge. 1979 deaths Paiute people Shoshone people Native American activists People from Nye County, Nevada 20th-century Native American people 20th-century Native American women 1950 births Shoshone-Paiute Tribes {{US-activist-stub