Al-Malik al-Zahir Timurbugha al-Rumi (died 1475) was the seventeenth
Burji Sultan
Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...
of
Mamluk Egypt
The Mamluk Sultanate (), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries, with Cairo as its capital. It was ruled by a military caste of mamluks ...
, briefly ruling from late 1467 to early 1468 when he was deposed. He used the title of ''al-Malik al-Zāhir''.
Biography
Timurbugha was of
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
or
Albanian
Albanian may refer to:
*Pertaining to Albania in Southeast Europe; in particular:
**Albanians, an ethnic group native to the Balkans
**Albanian language
**Albanian culture
**Demographics of Albania, includes other ethnic groups within the country ...
descent. He was brought in by a merchant to Shahin Al-Zardakash, ''
na'ib
Nawab is a royal title indicating a ruler, often of a South Asian state, in many ways comparable to the Western title of Prince. The relationship of a Nawab to the Emperor of India has been compared to that of the Kings of Saxony to the Ge ...
'' of
Tripoli
Tripoli or Tripolis (from , meaning "three cities") may refer to:
Places Greece
*Tripolis (region of Arcadia), a district in ancient Arcadia, Greece
* Tripolis (Larisaia), an ancient Greek city in the Pelasgiotis district, Thessaly, near Larissa ...
, then he was taken to
Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq
Sayf al-Din Jaqmaq (; 1373 – 13 February 1453) was the Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 9 September 1438 to 1 February 1453.
Early life and career
Jaqmaq was of Circassian descent. He was brought to Egypt by his older brother and sold to ''atabe ...
. He then became a ''
Hazinedar'' during the reign of the latter in . He later led the defence against the Mamluks of
Sayf ad-Din Inal who managed eventually to depose
Al-Mansur Fakhr-ad-Din Uthman. Later on, he was imprisoned in
Alexandria
Alexandria ( ; ) is the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second largest city in Egypt and the List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, largest city on the Mediterranean coast. It lies at the western edge of the Nile ...
for five years, then in
Nimrod Castle
The Nimrod Fortress or Nimrod Castle ( ''Qal'at al-Subeiba'', "Castle of the Large Cliff", later ''Qal'at Namrud'', "Nimrod's Castle"; , ''Mivtzar Nimrod'', "Nimrod's Fortress") is a castle built by the Ayyubid dynasty, Ayyubids and greatly en ...
for six years. In , he was released by Inal to accompany the pilgrims to
Mecca
Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above ...
.
In , he returned to Cairo during the reign of
Khushqadam, in which he held several positions until the sultan's death.
Sayf ad-Din Bilbay had ruled briefly in late 1467, before Timurbugha became the new sultan on 5 December 1467. Timurbugha was well educated and excelled in law, history, literature and poetry. During his reign, political prisoners were released from Alexandria, including
Al-Mu'ayyad Shihab al-Din Ahmad.
However, his reign lasted less than two months, as he was dethroned in a palace coup on 30 January 1468.
Qaitbay
Sultan Abu Al-Nasr Sayf ad-Din Al-Ashraf Qaitbay (; 1416/14187 August 1496) was the eighteenth Burji Mamluk Sultan of Egypt from 872 to 901 A.H. (1468–1496 C.E.). He was Circassian by birth, and was purchased by the ninth sultan Barsbay ( ...
, ''
atabak'' appointed by Timurbugha, managed to defeat the rebels led by Khairbek and free Timurbugha who later retired in
Damietta
Damietta ( ' ) is a harbor, port city and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt. It is located at the Damietta branch, an eastern distributary of the Nile Delta, from the Mediterranean Sea, and about north of Cairo. It was a Cath ...
until his death in 1475.
References
Sources
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{{Egypt-hist-stub
1475 deaths
15th-century Mamluk sultans
Burji sultans